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Solving Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) with Ferrites

What are ferrites? How do ferrites help Suppress EMI? How to chose proper ferrite and component Material Characteristics Material and Core Selection Frequency, bias, turns, temperature, size Q&A

What Is A Ferrite? Ferrite is a ceramic material formed by reacting metal oxides into a magnetic material. - Soft magnetic material is one that can be both easily magnetized and demagnetized, so that it can store or transfer magnetic energy in alternating or other changing wave forms
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (metal oxides) + (iron oxide)

(MnO + ZnO) (NiO + ZnO) (MgO + ZnO)

+ (Fe2O3) = + (Fe2O3) = + (Fe2O3) =

Manganese - Zinc Nickel - Zinc Magnesium - Zinc

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Definitions
EMI Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic emissions from a device or system that interfere with the normal operation of another device or system. EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility The ability of a device or system to function without error in its intended electromagnetic environment.

EMI Suppression
Sources of EMI Digital System Clock Pulses SMPS Oscillators Medical Equipment Microwave Equipment Radio & TV Frequency Converters Electronic Ballasts Switch Gear (contractors, relays) Household Appliances Power Supplies and Battery Chargers Motor Commutation Ignition Systems Victims (Susceptible) Radio & TV Receivers Modems Engine Control Modules Data transmission systems Medical Equipment Computer

Properties of Ferrites EMI Suppression

A frequency dependant impedance that provides attenuation.
Formulations optimized for frequency bands

Ferrites absorb EMI energy and dissipate as small amount of heat Powder compaction allows for a multitude of shapes High permeability concentrates magnetic filed in core allowing for a dense overall package High resistivity provides electrical isolation between multiple lines and minimizes eddy current losses

How Ferrites Are Used To Reduce Noise

Noise Source

Path

Load (victim)

Zs

Zsc
ZL

Attenuation = 20 log10 (Zs +Zsc + ZL) (Zs + ZL)

dB

Zs = Source impedance Zsc = Suppressor Core impedance ZL = Load impedance

Ls

Rs

Z=Rs+jLs
Rs =Los Ls=Los = XL
1000

Lo= .0461 N2 Ht log10 ( OD) 10-8 [ H ]

ID
43 Material

s'

100

s', s"

s"
10

1 1E+5 1E+6 1E+7 Frequency (Hz) 1E+8 1E+9

[Dim mm]

Common-Mode vs Differential-Mode
Icommon Idiff

Icommon

-Idiff

Common-Mode Currents Noise Currents in phase (same direction) in the conductor pair.

Differential-Mode Currents Can be Functional (desired) currents or Noise currents or combination of both.

Usually found where radiated noise attaches itself to the conductor.

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Common-Mode Choke
ID ID Differential Mode (functional) Currents Fluxes cancel * no inductance (impedance) * no effect on currents * core will not saturate with high ID currents IC IC Common Mode Currents Fluxes Add * inductance (impedance) in series with conductor * effectively blocking Common Mode currents
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Differential Mode Application

Ferrite Bead Provide selective attenuation of high frequency signals and not effect lower freq functional current Affects both Differential and Common Mode signals Idiff

Core can saturate at high levels of (low frequency) current

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s & s ARE AFFECTED BY:

Frequency DC Bias Temperature

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Complex Permeability vs. Frequency

2500 MnZn 800 NiZn

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Impedance vs. Frequency

2773009112 Bead On Lead (1 turn)
73 matl
300 250 200 Z, RS, XL ( ) 150 100 XL 50 0 1E+6 Z RS

2500

MnZn

1E+7 Frequency (Hz)

1E+8

1E+9

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Suppression Materials Comparison

MnZn 1500

31 44 61 43 46
NiZn 500

NiZn 125 NiZn 800

MgZn 500

MnZn 2500

73
1 10 100 Frequency (MHz) 1000

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Material Comparison Impedance vs. Frequency

26--000301 100 80 60 40 20 0 1E+6 61 43 46

Z( )

73 31

1E+7

1E+8

1E+9

FREQUENCY (Hz)

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Impedance vs. Frequency with DC Bias

2743021447 Surface Mount Bead
120

100
0A .2A

80
.5A

Z( )

60
1A

40

2A

20

5A

0 1E+6

1E+7 Frequency (Hz)

1E+8

1E+9

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Material Comparison w/ DC Bias

27--009112 IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY with No BIAS
300

250

61-0A

73-0A
200

43-0A

Z( )

150

100

50

0 1E+6

1E+7 Frequency (Hz)

1E+8

1E+9

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Material Comparison w/ DC Bias

27--009112 IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY WITH DC BIAS
300

250

61-0A

73-0A
200

43-0A

Z( )

61-2A
150

43-2A
100

50

73-2A

0 1E+6 1E+7 Frequency (Hz) 1E+8 1E+9

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Percent Original Impedance(%)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

73 Material

25MHz 10MHz

5 6 H(oersted)

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Percent Original Impedance(%)

100 80 60 40 20 0

61 Material
250MHz

H= (0.4 N I ) / le

100MHz

5 6 H(oersted)

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Impedance vs. Temperature

43 Material
125
50MHz

61 Material
125 Percent Original Impedance [%] 100
100MHz

100
25MHz

75
100MHz

75 50 25 0

250MH

50 25 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature oC

-40

-20

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

Temperature oC

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The Effect of Turns on Impedance

2643540002 Cable Bead

2000 N=3 1600 .562in./.250in./1.125in.

1200 Z( ) 800

N=2

400 N=1 0 1E+6

1E+7 Frequency (Hz)

1E+8

1E+9

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Board Level SMD ferrites

Chip Beads SM Beads

Package sizes 0402, 0603, 1206, 1806, 1812 Y Std , Z High , H GHz Impedance Rated at 100MHz 10 to 2000 Current Rated 100mA to 6A

Package sizes .184 x .120 up to .58 x .27

DM & CM

73(<50MHz), 43/44 (25-300MHz), 61 & 52 (250MHz-1GHz) Impedance Rated at 1MHz to 1GHz 9 to 600 Current Rated 5A (to 10A)

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0603 size 120 +/-25% Y Std speed vs Z High Speed vs H GHz Speed

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0603 size 120 H GHZ speed 200mA Device

900 800 700 600 Z(Ohms) 500 400 300 200 100 0 1E+07 1E+08 1E+09 Frequency(Hz) 1E+10
0mA

100mA 200mA

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Size Matters all 120 0402 to 1812 packages

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Size Matters all 120 0402 to 1812 packages w/ bias

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Chip Beads 0805 600 vs 1206 600 vs SM Bead .43 x .20 600

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Chip Beads 0805 600 vs 1206 600 vs

SM Bead .43 x .20 600

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Review - Desirable Material Properties For EMI Suppression

High core loss (u) in the intended frequency range (magnetic losses) Note: low eddy current loss (high resistivity)

High permeability at the low frequency range

(high u)

Resistance to dc-bias (i.e. high incremental

permeability vs. H)

Good thermal stability (Z vs. T) High Curie Temperature (Tc)

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Engineering Evaluation - Bookshelf Kits

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Product Range Power/Inductive Components

Open Magnetic Circuit

Closed Magnetic Circuit

Toroids Pot Core (P) PQ E EFD Planar EE, EI, ER ETD, EER EP U Custom shape / customer specification
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Rods Antenna/RFID Rods Bobbins

Power Applications

HF Ferrite Power Transformers and Inductors Materials: 78, 98, 95, 97, 79 Core Shapes: Pot (P) , E, U, RM, EP, PQ EFD, ETD , EER Planar EI, EE and ER Toroid

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Power Materials
units

FR material grade

78

98

95

97

79

Initial Permeability

i
at H

2300
4800
5

2400
5000
5

3000
5000
5

2000
5000
5

1400
4700
5 gauss oersted gauss oersted 1e -6 1e -6

Bmx Br Hc
Loss Factor(tan / ) at 0.1MHz

1500 0.2 4.5 4.2

1800 0.17 3.5 5.8

800 0.13 3 2.5

1500 0.16 3.5 6.5

1700 0.4 4 3.4

Temperature Factor 25-60C

Curie Temperature
Resistivity

Tc
p

200
100

215
200

220
200

220
200

225
200

C.
ohm-cm

Specific Pow er Loss (typical) PL at 25kHz at Flux Density / Temperature PL at 100kHz at Flux Density / Temperature PL at 200kHz at Flux Density / Temperature PL at 500kHz at Flux Density / Temperature

80 2000 / 100 100 1000 / 100

mW/cc gauss / C.

50 1000 / 100 190 1000 / 100

50 1000 / 100 180 1000 / 100

50 1000 / 100 175 1000 / 100

100 1000 / 100

mW/cc gauss / C. mW/cc gauss / C.

80 500 / 100

mW/cc gauss / C.

Comparable competitor materials Ferroxcube EPCOS TDK Magnetics Inc. ACME

3C90 N67 PC40 P4

3C94/96 N87 PC44 R P41

3C95 N95 PC95

3F3 N97

3F35 N49 PC50 K P5/P51

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Thank you Q&A

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