ONE BATH DYEING AND DURABLE PRESS FINISHING OF 100% COTTON FABRIC USING DIFFERENT REACTIVE DYES AND

DMDHEU RESIN. By ARBAB SKUNDER

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering

Department of Textile Chemistry National Textile University, Faisalabad March 2009

This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that the copyrights rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author or of the university (as may be appropriate).

Abstract
One bath reactive dyeing and durable press finishing with Bifunctional, vinylsulphone reactive dyes and DMDHEU is discussed. Concurrent dyeing and resin finishing has some advantages such as economizing energy and same time reducing the cost of eliminated process and chemicals. Effect of DMDHEU concentration, curing time and curing temperature is studied during the study. Effects of additives on physical properties of cotton fabric are also addressed. It was observed that one bath reactive dyeing and resin finishing is feasible using Bifunctional and vinylsulphone reactive dyes. % Strength sum, performance and fastness properties are compared with the conventional two-step dyeing and finishing process. It was noted that it is possible to have good strength of color and at the same time having good crease recovery. Vinylsulphone reactive dye shows better color strength as compared to bifunctional reactive dye. Addition of urea shows negative effect on physical properties of fabric. Softener increases the tear strength of the fabric but there was slight decrease in the % strength sum. Results showed that NaCl can be used in the one bath dyeing and finishing process but in limited amount.

Results Tables
Table 4.1 Washing fastness to color change

Curing temperature (C)

Tear Strength warp(g)

Washing fastness to staining (cotton)

Wet crocking fastness

Dry crocking fastness

Tear Strength weft(g)

CRA (warp+weft)

Curing time (min)

Resin Conc. (g/l)

Two Bath(B) 1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B

30 30 30 30 50 50 50 70 70 70

160 160 170 180 160 170 180 160 170 180

3 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1

647 640 537 606 373 393 340 353 346 330

300 407 273 333 237 207 183 130 160 123

192 200 205 215 219 221 217 239 223 239

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

5 5 5 5 4-5 5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4 4 3-4 3-4 3-4

100 92.28 140.23 129.03 183.88 207.56 237.28 256.99 253.46 300.46

*Fabrics samples were treated with 10g/l Ramazol reactive dye; catalyst is 20% of resin concentration .Amount of resin concentration, curing time and curing temperature was varied.

%STR-SUM

Sample #

Table 4.2 Wash fastness to staining (cotton) Wash fastness to color change

Curing temperature (C)

Dry crocking fastness

Tear Strength warp(g)

Wet crocking fastness

Tear Strength weft(g)

CRA (warp+weft)

Curing time (min)

Resin Conc. (g/l)

Two Bath(B) 1R 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R 8R 9R

30 30 30 30 50 50 50 70 70 70

160 160 170 180 160 170 180 160 170 180

3 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1

440 473 350 500 333 353 393 306 213 200

226 393 153 260 160 180 180 106 40 40

228 210 225 207 225 238 231 236 243 259

4-5 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4 4 3-4 4

4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3 3 3-4 3 3 3

100 66.75 54.76 65.77 78.76 72.17 86.62 83.77 66.97 73.1

*Fabrics samples were treated with 10g/l Bifunctional reactive red C4BLN 150% dye; catalyst is 20% of resin concentration. Amount of resin concentration, curing time and curing temperature were varied.

%STR-SUM

Sample #

Table 4.3 Washing fastness color change Tear Strength warp(g) Wet crocking fastness Dry crocking fastness Tear Strength weft(g) CRA Washing fastness staining (cotton)

10R 11R 12R 13R

30 50 70 90

613 636 630 673

433 433 406 473

180 165 163 188

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

4-5 4 4-5 4-5

5 5 5 5

4 4-5 4-5 4-5

*samples were treated with 10g/l Reactive red C4BLN 150%, DMDHEU 30g/l, Catalyst 20% of resin conc., 2-3 drops wetting agent. Dried at 110 C/1 minute and cured at 160 C/3 minute.

Table 4.4

Tear Strength warp(g)

Washing fastness color change

Wet crocking fastness

Tear Strength weft(g)

Dry crocking fastness

Washing fastness staining (cotton)

CRA (warp+weft)

14R 15R 16R 17R 18R

20 30 40 50 60

313 296 220 246 246

143 106 110 126 126

223 223 219 226 222

4-5 4-5 5 4-5 4-5

4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

4-5 4-5 5 5 4-5

4 3-4 4 3-4 3-4

101.26 92.35 75.25 70.8 72.38

* Samples were treated with 10g/l Reactive red C4BLN 150%, DMDHEU 50g/l, Catalyst 20% of resin
conc., 2-3 drops wetting agent. Dried at 110 C/1 minute and cured at 180 C/1 minute.

%STR-SUM

Sample #

NaCl g/l

%STR-SUM 44 35 29 28

(warp+weft)

Sample #

urea g/l

Table 4.5

Washing fastness color change

Wet crocking fastness

Dry crocking fastness

Tear Strength warp(g)

Washing fastness staining (cotton)

CRA warp+weft

Tear Strength weft(g)

Softener g/l

19R 20R 21R 22R 23R

30 50 70 90 110

623 673 693 660 670

407 423 473 446 460

210 213 223 222 215

5 4 5 4-5 5

4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4-5

4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5

3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4

79.01 82.32 77.25 74.14 64.36

*Samples were treated with 10g/l Reactive red C4BLN 150%, DMDHEU 50g/l, Catalyst 20% of resin conc., 2-3 drops wetting agent and softener. Dried at 110 C/1 minute and cured at 180 C/1 minute.

Conclusions Since most of the cotton fabrics receive some form of resin finishing. It is only reasonable advantage of this process in the interest of saving time and energy. The results of one bath dyeing and finishing with reactive dyes and DMDHEU indicate that good fastness and performance properties of cotton comparable with two stage process can be achieved by using this process. Ramazol reactive dye is better in terms of % strength sum than bifunctional reactive dye. Tear strength of fabric is also poor in case of bifunctional reactive dye as compared to Ramazol reactive dye. An optimal curing temperature is 180C for 1minute to simultaneously fix DMDHEU and reactive dye. An optimum resin concentration to achieve %strength sum is 50 g/l for bifunctional reactive dye where as 70 g/l for Ramazol reactive dye. Fastness properties like crocking fastness and wash fastness are almost similar for both of the dyes. Adding urea to the cross liking bath shows negative effect. %strength of the color decrease as concentration of the urea increases .it means it is hindering the fixation of reactive dye and resin.CRA has also decreased. So urea should not be used in the ODF process.

%STR-SUM

Sample #

Softener certainly has improved performance properties of the cotton fabric. Tear strength improves as concentration of softener increases and it is maximum at 110g/l. Silicon softener has affected the %strength sum of color and shade has also changed. Softener can be used in ODF process but it needs to be optimized before use. Adding NaCl certainly improves the %Strength sum value and shows maximum value when it is used 20 g/l. more than this certainly decreases the strength of color due to aggregation of the dye and poor exhaustion.CRA and fastness properties remain the same with or without salt. More than 20 g/l should not be used.

As concentration of dye is constant so it is clear from the result that fixation of reactive dye only depends entirely on the resin concentration. As concentration of resin increase % strength sum also increases.