Hi Guys, It was brought to my attention that there are no recent past papers in the library.

Below are last years essays. Please have a look. If you are coming to the help desk session tomorrow, please walk with your texts and notes etc. Also please attempt these questions before coming to this session. Thursday 1st Dec 2011, 5 7pm Biochem lab

Dec 2010 Final exam paper Sem 1

PART II ANSWER ONE(1) QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION. ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOKLET.
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SECTION A EITHER
26. (a) Describe the roles of bile, lipases and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestion of dietary lipids. [30%] (b) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a bifunctional protein. Briefly describe the reaction mechanism of this enzyme to support this statement. [20%] (c) Describe the mechanisms involved in degrading glycogen into glucose. Include the enzyme catalyzed reactions involved and the bonds being broken or formed. [50%]

OR
27. (a) Give the bypass reactions involved in converting pyruvate to PEP using malate as an intermediate. Subcellular locations, enzymes and cofactors involved are required. [30%] (b) State the reactions involved in activating glycogen phosphorylase, starting with inactive protein kinase A. [20%] (c) Describe the mechanism by which activated long chain fatty acids are transported into the mitochondrial matrix. [30%] (d) Describe the effect of ketogenesis on mitochondrial oxidation. Give relevant equations to support your answer. [20%]

SECTION B
EITHER
28. (a) Nucleotides play a variety of roles in the cell. Give an example of a nucleotide that functions in the following roles/processes: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Second messenger Phosphoryl- group transfer Transfer of electrons Allosteric effector ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Activation of carbohydrates --------------------------------------

(b) List the major intermediates in the flow of nitrogen from N2 in the atmosphere into the purine base in DNA by the de novo synthesis pathway. (c) Succinate uniformly labeled with 14 C is added to cells engaged in pyrimidine synthesis. Propose a mechanism by which carbon atoms from succinate could be incorporated into a pyrimidine. At what positions will the pyrimidine be labeled?

OR
29. (a). Give the reactions of the urea cycle that occur in the CYTOSOL ONLY. Explain two signs or symptoms that a patient may have if one of these reactions is inhibited. [34%] (b) Two mechanisms are available in humans for the transport of ammonia to the liver. One mechanism occurs in most tissues and the other is used primarily by muscle. Give the equations, cofactors/coenzymes and enzymes involved. (38%) (c) Purine nucleotides can be synthesized via a de novo pathway or through salvage pathways. Give the committed step for the de novo synthesis of purines. Also give 2 salvage reactions of purine nucleotide synthesis. (State clearly which reaction is the committed reaction and which are the salvage reactions.) (28%)

SECTION C
EITHER
30. (a) With the aid of a diagram describe the MECHANISM of action of GLUCAGON. (Details of the metabolic effects of glucagon are NOT required.) [40%] (b) Describe the METABOLIC effects of INSULIN in the LIVER during the well-fed state. Include in your answer: names of metabolic pathways, enzymes, coenzymes and reactions that are involved. (The mechanism of action of insulin is NOT required.) [60%]

OR
31. Explain the process of replication in eukaryotes. Include in your answer, the functions of all the proteins required for replication