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Nga pika A me kuote te njohur te shtrihet rrjeti i nivelimit per te percaktuar kuotat e pikave 1,2,3,4 si
ne figure.
1. Vlerat Perfaqsuese te kuotavee pikave te 1,2,3,4.
2. Te llogaritenvlerat perfaqsuese te disniveleve te matura.
3. Te llogaritet g.m.k. i disniveleve te matur
4. Te llogaritet g.m.k. te kuotave te pikave 1,2,34.
Nr
10.7
3.290
+6
3.296
12.5
0.940
-7
0.933
8.4
3.209
+4
3.213
9.2
7.439
-5
7.434
9.8
5.938
+6
5.944
10.2
2.648
-5
2.643
11.2
1.708
+7
1.715
12.0
1.501
-6
1.495
11.4
4.149
+10
4.159
V1
L2
l2
V2
x1
x2
V2
x1
x2
l2
L3
l3
V3
x2
x3
V3
x2
x3
l3
L4
l4
V4
HA
x3
V4
HA
x3
l4
L5
l5
V5
HA
x4
V5
HA
x4
l5
L6
l6
V6
x1
x4
V6
x1
x4
l6
L7
l7
V7
x2
x4
V7
x2
x4
l7
L8
l8
V8
x4
x3
V8
x4
x3
l8
V9 x1 x 3 l9
L9 l9 V9 x1 x 3
Gjatesite e vijave te nivelimit nuk jane te barabarta dhe saktesia e matjes disnivelit nuk do jete e njejte.
Pra dhe pesha e vlerave te matura nuk eshte e njejte. Duke pranuar qe pjerresia e vijave te nivelimit eshte
uniforme , veme re qe pesha e disnivelit eshte ne perpjestim te zhdrejte me gjatesine e saj.
Per te llogaritur peshat e nivelimit perdorim formulen:
Pi
C
D(km)
P1
C
D1
27
10.7
P2
C
D2
27
12.5
P3
C
D3
27
8.4
2.160
3.214
P5
C
D5
27
9.8
P6
C
D6
27
10.2
2.935
P7
C
D7
27
11.2
2.411
2.755
P8
C
D8
27
12.0
2.250
P9
C
D9
27
11.4
2.368
2.647
Pavaresishte se sistemi i ekuacioneve te gabimeve eshte lineare, per te thjeshtuar veprimet do te veprojme
si me poshte:
Vlera xj = x0j + dxj
Ku x0j jane vlera shume te peraferta me kuotat e pikave 1,2,3,4.
Keto mund te gjenden:
x01 = HA l1
x02 = HA l5 + l7
x03 = HA l4
x04 = HA - l5
Duke zevendesuar x0j te sistemi i ekuacioneve te gabimeve kemi :
V1 HA HA l1 dx1 l1
dx1
V2
HA
l1
l5
dx 2
HA
l2
l7
dx1
V3
HA
l5
l7
dx 2
HA
l4
l3
dx 3
V4
HA
HA
l4
dx 3
l4
dx 3
V5
HA
HA
l5
dx 4
l5
dx 4
V6
HA
l5
dx 4
HA
l1
l6
dx1
dx1
V7
HA
l5
l7
HA
l5
dx 4
l7
V8
HA
l5
dx 4
dx 2
HA
dx 4
V9 HA l1 dx1 HA l4 dx 3
Duke zevendesuar vlerat li marrim:
V1
dx1
l9
dx1
dx 2
V3
dx 2
dx 3
0.008
0.005
V4
dx 3
V5
dx 4
V6
dx1
dx 4
V7
dx 2
dx 4
V8
dx 4
dx 3
dx 4
dx 2
l8
dx1
dx 2
dx 2
dx 3
V2
l4
dx1
dx 3
dx 3
dx 3
l1
l5
l6
l7
l4
l3
l5
dx 4
l5
l1
l4
l4
l8
l9
0.005
V9 dx1 dx 3 0.021
Forma perfundimtare e sistemit te ekuacioneve te gabimeve.
Nga sistemi i mesipermi ekuacioneve te gabimeve te modifikuar llogarisim koeficentet e sistemit normal.
Nr
dx1(a)
dx2(b)
dx3(c)
dx4(d)
q(mm)
S(mm)
-1
-1
2.523
-1
2.160
-1
-8
-8
3.214
-1
-1
2.935
-1
-1
2.755
-1
-5
-5
2.647
-1
2.411
-1
-5
-5
2.250
-21
-19
2.368
-2
-2
-39
-40
23.263
KONTROLLI
Nr
[Paa]
[Pab]
[Pac]
[Pad]
[Paq]
[PaS]
[Pbb]
[Pbq]
[PbS]
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2.523
2.523
2.16
-2.16
2.16
3.214
-3.21
2.647
2.411
-2.41
2.368
2.368
7.785
-3.21
-49.728 -44.992
[Pbc] [Pbd]
-55.704
Nr
-25.713
[Pcc]
[Pcd]
[Pcq]
[PcS]
[Pdd]
[Pdq]
[PdS]
[Pqq]
[PqS]
[PSS]
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2.523
3.214
25.712
25.712
205.696
205.696
205.696
2.935
2.935
2.935
2.755
2.76
2.755
2.647 13.235
13.24
66.175
66.175
66.175
2.411
2.25
-2.25
11.25
11.25
2.25
-11.25
-11.25
56.25
56.25
56.25
2.368
10.767
-2.25
1.985
4.74
-49.728 -44.992
-12.766
-5.095 10.06
-5.095
4.740
Kryhen kontrollet:
Paa
Pab
Pac
Pad
Paq
9.698
2.647
62.963
Pbd
Pbq
2.16
55.704
Pab
2.368
7.785
25.71
Pbc
Pcb
2.368
3.21 10.767
5.095
PbS
25.71
Pcc
Pcd
Pcq
2.25 12.766
PcS
5.095
5.095
Pdb
2.647
55.704
25.71
Pac
Pad
PaS
55.704
Pbb
2.16
4.74
-25.71 -25.712
Pdc
2.41 2.25
4.74
Pdd
Pdq
10.06
1.985
PdS
4.74
1044.288 944.832
854.848
1191.182
Paq
Pqb
62.963
Pqq
PqS
1.985
1372.409
1272.953
1272.953
PbS
55.704
Pqd
25.71 12.766
1272.953
PaS
Pqc
PcS
PdS
25.712 5.095
1191.182
PqS
4.74
PSS
1272.953
1191.182
1191.182
Paq
Pab dx1
Pbb dx 2
Pbc dx 3
Pbd dx 4
Pbq
Pac dx1
Pcb dx 2
Pcc dx3
Pcd dx 4
Pcq
1.1
2.16
2.368
2.647
62.963
x2
x3
x4
9.698
9.698
9.698
9.698
Vleren x1 e zevendesojme tek ekuacioni dyte, trete dhe i katert te sistemi ekuacioneve normale.
Kemi:
x1 e zev. te ekuacioni 2 dhe marrim :
Pab
Pbb
Pab
Paa
x2
Pab Pab
Paa
Pac
Paa
x3
x2
Pad
Paq
x4
Paa
Pab Pac
Pbc
Pbb x 2
Paa
Paa
x3
Pcd
Pbc x 3
Pac Pad
Paa
Pbd x 4
x4
Pbq
0
Pab Paq
Pcq
Paa
Pcb
Pab
Paa
x2
Pac Pab
Paa
Pac
Paa
x2
x3
Pad
Paa
Pcc
Paq
x4
Pcb x 2
Paa
Pac Pac
Paa
x3
Pcd
Pcc x 3
Pac Pad
Paa
Pcd x 4
x4
Pcq
Pcq
0
Pac Paq
Paa
Pdb
Pab
Paa
x2
Pad Pab
Paa
Pac
Paa
x2
x3
Pad
Paa
Pdc
x4
Paq
Pdb x 2
Paa
Pad Pac
Paa
x3
Pdd
Pdc x 3
Pad Pad
Paa
Pdd x 4
x4
Pdq
Pdq
0
Pad Paq
Paa
Pbc 1 x 3
Pbd 1 x 4
Pbq 1
Pbc 1 x 2
Pcc 1 x 3
Pcd 1 x 4
Pcq 1
Pbc 1
Pbb 1
Pcc 1
Pbd 1
x3
x4
Pbb 1
Pbc 1 Pbc 1
Pbb 1
x3
Pbq 1
Pbb 1
Pcd 1
Pcc 1 x 3
Pcd 1 x 4
Pbc 1 Pbd 1
x4
Pbb 1
Pcq 1
Pcq 1
Pbc 1 Pbq 1
Pbb 1
Pbd 1
Pbb 1
Pdc 1
x3
Pbd 1
Pbb 1
Pbc 1 Pbd 1
Pbb 1
x4
x3
Pbq 1
Pdc 1 x 3
Pbb 1
Pdd 1
Pdd 1 x 4
Pbd 1 Pbd 1
x4
Pbb 1
Pdq 1
2 x3
Pcd 2 x 4
Pcq 2
Pdd 2
Pdd 3 x 4
x4
Pcd 2 Pcd 2
Pcc
Pdq 3
x4
Pdq 2
Pdq 2
Pcd 2 Pcq 2
Pcc
Pdq 3
Pdd 3
Sistemi baze normal kthehet ne sistemin e thjeshtuar normal:
Paa dx1 Pab dx 2 Pac dx 3 Pad dx 4 Paq 0
Pbb 1 x 2
Pbc 1 x 3
Pbd 1 x 4
Pbq 1
Pcc
Pcd
Pcq
Pdq 3
2 x3
2 x4
Pdd 3 x 4
Pdq 1
Pbd 1 Pbq 1
Pbb 1
Pbb 1
Pbb
Pbc 1
Pbc
Pbd 1
Pcd
Pbq 1
Pcq
Pcc 1
Pcc
Pcd 1
Pcd
Pcq 1
Pcq
Pdd 1
Pdd
Pqq 1
Pqq
Pab Pab
Paa
Pab Pac
Paa
Pac Pad
Paa
Pab Paq
Paa
Pac Pac
Paa
Pac Pad
Paa
Pac Paq
Paa
Pad Pad
Paa
Paq Paq
Paa
Pad Paq
Pdq 1
Pdq
Pcc
Pcc 1
Pcd
Pcd 1
Pcq
Pcq 1
Pdd
Pdd 1
Pdq
Pdq 1
Paa
Pdd 3
Pdd
Pdd 3
Pdq
Pqq
Pqq
Pbc 1 Pbc 1
Pbb 1
Pbc 1 Pbd 1
Pbb 1
Pbc 1 Pbq 1
Pbb 1
Pbd 1 Pbd 1
Pbb 1
Pbd 1 Pbq 1
Pbb 1
Pcd
2 Pcd
Pcc
Pcd
Pcq
2 Pcq
Pcc
dx 2
8.409263045 mm
dx 3
2.716119962 mm
dx 4
4.795079352 mm
2 Pcq
Pcc
Pranojme me perafersi:
dx1 9.0109 mm
dx 2
8.4093 mm
dx 3
2.7161mm
dx 4 4.7951mm
Kontrolli i zgjidhjes se sistemit te ekuacioneve normal.
Sistemi baze normale u formua dhe kontrolli ishte nga barazimet:
Paa
Pab
Pac
Pad Paq
PaS
Pab
Pbb
Pbc
Pbd
Pbq
PbS
Pac
Pcb
Pcc
Pcd
Pcq
PcS
Pad
Pdb
Pdc
Pdd
Pdq
PdS
PaS
PbS
PcS
PdS
2.368
2.647
PqS
(a)
PSS
Pra, kemi:
9.698
2.16
62.963
55.704
55.704
2.16 7.785 3.21 2.41 25.71
25.71
2.368
55.704
25.71
25.71
3.21 10.767
5.095
5.095
2.647
2.41 2.25
4.740
2.25 12.766
10.06
1.985
5.095
4.740
4.740
62.963
1272.953
55.704
1191.182
25.71 12.766
4.740
1372.409
1272.953
1272.953
25.71 5.095
4.740
1272.953
1191.182
1191.182
Pbc 1
Pcc 1
Pcd 1
Pcq 1
PcS 1
Pbd 1
Pdc 1
Pdd 1
Pdq 1
PdS 1
Pbq 1
Pqc 1
Pdq 1
Pqq 1
PqS 1
PbS 1
PSc 1
PSd 1
Pra, kemi:
PSq 1
PSS 1
(b)
135.29189
136.25848
193.30259
153.397298
9010.41313
9100.63192
Pdc
Pdd 2
Pdq 2
PdS
Pqc
Pqd 2
Pqq 2
PqS
PSc
PSd 2
PSq 2
Kemi :
10.75416
PSS
6.27347 138.10456
133.62387
133.62387
133.62387
133.62387
(c)
219.712305
215.15269 7166.93914
7243.98727
219.712305
7243.98727
7243. 98727
7330.07570
7330.07570 7330.07570
Kontrolli i formimit te ekuacionit te katert te sistemit te thjeshtuar te ekuacioneve normale eshte:
Pdd 3
Pdq 3
PdS 3
Pdq 3
Pqq 3
PSq 3
PdS
PSq 3
PSS
(d)
Kemi:
7.17344 134.58904 141.76248
141.76248 141.76248
134.58904 5393.40463 5527.99368
5527.99368 5527.99368
141.76248 5527.99368 5669.75616
5669.75616 5669.75616
Kontrolli perfundimtare eshte :
Pqq 4
PqS 4
PqS
PSS
PqS
(e)
Pr a :
Pqq
Kemi :
PSS
2868.22582
2868.22582
Pr a :
2868.22582
2868.22582
2868.22582
2868.22582
2868.22582
dx1
9.0109mm
V2
dx1
dx 2
9.0109
V3
dx 2
dx 3
0.008
8.4093
8.4093
2.7161 0.008
5.6852mm
9.0109
4.7951 0.005
4.2108mm
V4
dx 3
2.7161mm
V5
dx 4
4.7951mm
V6
dx1
dx 4
0.005
V7
dx 2
dx 4
8.4093
V8
dx 4
dx 3
0.005
V9
dx1
dx 3
0.021
0.6016mm
4.7951
3.6142mm
2.7161 0.021
2.074mm
6.2738mm
dx1(mm)
1
dx2(mm)
2
dx3(mm) dx4(mm)
3
4
q
5
V(mm)
6
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
-9.0109
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
0.6016
3
4
9.0109
9.0109
8.4093
8.4093
2.7161
2.7161
4.7951
4.7951
-8
0
5.6852
-2.7161
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
-4.7951
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
-5
4.2108
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
3.6142
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
-5
2.074
9.0109
8.4093
2.7161
4.7951
-21
6.2738
x01 = HA l1
x02 = HA l5 + l7
x03 = HA l4
x04 = HA - l5
X01=102.156 m
X02=101.223 m
X03=98.018 m
X04=99.508 m
X1= 102.156+9.0109/1000=102.16501 m
X2=101.223 + 8.4093/1000 = 101.23141 m
X3=98.018 + 2.7161/ 1000 = 98.02072 m
X4=99.508+ 4.7951/1000 = 99.512795 m
Qe te behet e mundur llogaritja e gabimit mesatar kuadratik njesi m0 si dhe vleresimi i saktesise
per madhesite e matura e te kompesuaraduhet te njihet shuma [Pvv].
Kontrollet qe i behen kesaj shume jane:
[Pav]=0
[Pbv]=0
[Pcv]=0
[Pdv]=0
[Pvv]=[Pqv]
Ndertojme tabelen.
Nr
10 ()
pav
pbv
pcv
pdv
22.7345
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.2996
-1.2996
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-7.4142
7.4142
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
7.9718
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
13.2104
-2.0757
0.0000
0.0000
2.0757
0.0000
8.7138
0.0000
-8.7138
0.0000
0.0000
6.5723
-6.5723
-21.9584
0.0000 21.9584
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Nr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.523
2.160
3.214
2.935
2.755
2.647
2.411
2.250
2.368
v
q
-9.01091062
0.601647571
-2.30685692
-2.71611996
-4.79507935
-0.78416874
3.614183693
-2.92104061
-9.27296942
0
0
-8
0
0
-5
0
-5
-21
pvv
204.858795
0.78187637
17.1035865
21.6523979
63.3451254
1.62769485
31.4932626
19.1980761
203.619494
563.6803
pvq
0
0
59.313905
0
0
10.378473
0
32.861707
461.12622
563.68031
m02 n k
Pvv
ku :
m0
n k
Nga ku gjejme m0
563.6803
9 4
10.617724 mm.
Paa dx1
Pab dx 2
Pac dx3
Pad dx 4
Paq
Pab dx1
Pbb dx 2
Pbc dx3
Pbd dx 4
Pbq
Pac dx1
Pcb dx 2
Pcc dx3
Pcd dx 4
Pcq
Pad dx1
Pdb dx 2
Pdc dx3
Pdd dx 4
Pdq
(1.1)
Pbb X2
Pbc X3
Pbd X4
Pbq
Pac X1
Pcb X2
Pcc X3
Pcd X4
Pcq
1.2
Pra, per te llogaritur gabimin ne te panjohurat xj, duhet me pare te percaktojme peshen e tyre. Per kete
veprojme si me poshte:
Ekuacionet e sistemit (1.2) i shumezojme perkatesisht me koeficentet Q11 , Q12 , Q13 , Q14.rezultatin e
mbledhim ane per ane dhe marrim:
( Paa Q11 Pab Q12 Pac Q13 Pad Q14 ) X1
( Pab Q11
Pbb Q12
Pbc Q13
Pbd Q14 ) X2
( Pac Q11
Pcb Q12
Pcc Q13
Pcd Q14 ) X3
( Pad Q11
Pdb Q12
Pdc Q13
Pdd Q14 ) X 4
Paq Q11
Pbq Q12
Pcq Q13
Pdq Q14
1.3
Llogaris g.m k
Shenoj
=Qij
mxj=mo/
(j=1,2,3,4)
mx1=29.85mm
mx2= 24.455mm
mx3 = 30.587mm
mx4 = 28.707mm
Llogarisim peshat Pxj
Px1=1/Q11=1/0.1265=7.9051
Px2=1/Q22=1/0.1885=5.305
Px3=1/Q33=1/0.1205=8.2988
Px4=1/Q44=1/0.1368=7.3099
Pasi kemi llogaritur koeficientet e peshave bejme kontrollin e tyre
S1=[P*a*a]+ [P*a*b]+ [P*a*c]+ [P*a*d]=7.2590
S2=[P*b*a]+ [P*b*b]+ [P*b*c]+ [P*b*d]=0
S3=[P*c*a]+ [P*c*b]+ [P*c*c]+ [P*c*d]=7.6710
S4=[P*d*a]+ [P*d*b]+ [P*d*c]+ [P*d*d]=2.7550
S1*Q11+ S2*Q12+ S3*Q13+ S4*Q14=1 7.2590*0.1265+0*0.0465+7.6710*0.0049+2.7550*0.0433=1.0000
S1*Q21+ S2*Q22+ S3*Q23+ S4*Q24=1
7.2590*0.0465+0*0.1885+7.6710*0.0609+2.7550*0.0710=1.0000
S1*Q31+ S2*Q32+ S3*Q33+ S4*Q34=1
7.2590*-0.0049+0*0.0609+7.6710*0.1205+2.7550*0.0402=1.0000
S1*Q41+ S2*Q42+ S3*Q43+ S4*Q44=1
7.2590*0.0433+0*0.0710+7.6710*0.0402+2.7550*0.1368=1.0000
S1*(Q11+ Q12+Q13+Q14)+S2*(Q21+ Q22+Q23+Q24)+S3*(Q31+ Q32+Q33+Q34)+S4*(Q41+Q42+Q43+ Q44)=4
7.2590*(0.1265+0.0465-0.0049+0.0433)+0*(0.0465+0.1885+0.0609+0.0710)+ 7.6710*(0.0049+0.0609+0.1205+0.0402)+ 2.7550*(0.0433+0.0710+0.0402+0.1368)=4.0000
Qx1= Q11+ Q12+Q13+Q14=0.1265+0.0465-0.0049+0.0433=0.2114
Qx2= Q21+ Q22+Q23+Q24=0.0465+0.1885+0.0609+0.0710=0.3668
Qx3= Q31+ Q32+Q33+Q34=-0.0049+0.0609+0.1205+0.0402=0.2168
Qx4= Q41+ Q42+Q43+Q44=0.0433+0.0710+0.0402+0.1368=0.2913
Si perfundim kontrolli I llogaritjes se Qij do te ishte:
S1*Qx1+ S2*Qx2+ S3*Qx3+ S4*Qx4=4
7.2590*0.2114+0*0.3668+7.6710*0.2168+2.7550*0.2913=4.0000