Trouble Shooting

Protective and supervisory instruments various components Buchhoz relay fault Possible cause Remedial measure

Alarm relay

at

buchholz

1. Oil loss 2. Gas generation due to inside failure 3. Accumulation of air 4. Violent vibration 5. Fault tripping

Transformer operation must only be continued when a check shows that there is no internal fault. The following tests and examinations for analysis of the warning should be made 1. Check oil level, pipes, position of valves 2. Check tripping mechanism of the buchholz relay 3. Check if gas in buchhoz relay is inflammable. Inflammability indicates an internal transformer fault. 4. Analyze and evaluate buchholz relay gas 5. Analyze and evaluate the oil taken from top oil sampling valve 6. Undo all bushing connections and make the following measurements. 6.1 measure the insulation resistance between the systems and against earth 6.2 measure ratio between the systems in all positions of the OLTC 6.3 Measure the winding resistance in all positions of the OLTC 6.4 Measure the no-load current by applying low voltage and compare the results with data given in the transformer test certificate or in the O&M manual 7. Check all electrical connections 8. Vent transformer tank and piping and put it back into operation. 9. if faults cannot be found or faults have been eliminated. If one fault occurs frequently, contact CTSS. 1. Maintain the shutdown status! 2. Carry out tests and measurements as described under point 1 to 7 3. Vent transformer tank and piping and put it back into operation if faults cannot be found or faults have been eliminated. 4. If one fault occurs frequently, contact CTSS. 1. 2. Maintain the shutdown status. Check the tripping mechanism.

Buchholz tripping

relay

1. Oil loss 2. Violent oil surge due to inside flashover 3. Violent gas generation due to inside failure 4. Violent vibration 5. Fault tripping Surge produced through a fault in the diverter switch

Pressure relay/

Tripping due to strong oil surge

protective relay for OLTC Resistance thermometer Thermostat Dial-type thermometer for oil or winding Oil temperature too high Winding or oil temp. too high 1. Transformer overloaded or inadequate cooling 2. Incorrect adjustment temperature

3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Remove and check the diverter switch. Reset the tripping mechanism and put the transformer into operation.

Reduce load of the transformer Put fans or cooling equipment in service Clean the cooling equipment Check the position of butterfly valves Adjust incorrect temperature setting. Check the thermometer by comparative measurements. 7. Check the electrical connections and the tripping mechanism 8. Check control devices for cooling equipment 9. Check current transformers and thermometers Check for tightness Top-up oil 1. 2. 3. 4. Open gate valve Clean pipe Seal pipe leaks Repair oil circulating pump(check fuses, and direction of rotation) 5. Check the over current tripping feature 6. Check the electrical connections and the tripping mechanism. 1. Top-up cooling water to the required level 2. Check the electrical connections

Oil level indicator Oil flow monitor

Oil level too low No oil flow

Not enough oil (low temp. or oil loss) 1. 2. 3. 4. Gate valve closed Pipe clogged Pipe leaky Oil circulation pump faulted(no voltage or voltage too low defective winding incorrect direction of rotation, bearing damage)

Water flow monitor

No water-flow or reduced water flow

1. Leaks in the water cooling system 2. Reduction of cooling water quantity 1. Conservator pipe shut-off or clogged 2. Electric flashover inside the tank 1. No voltage supply at motor protective switch 2. Motor protective switch not in operating position 3. Motor contactor does not pick up 4. Motor contactor stuck 5. Brake contactor does not pick up 6. Open circuit an one or more motor phases Brake contactor stuck 1. Emergency stop button is

Pressure relief device

Internal tank pressure too high

1. Check the pipes and shut-off devices 2. Check the transformer as described in buchholz relay(1-7) 1. Check supply feeders 2. Close motor protective switch 3. Check supply feeders and contactors, and replace if necessary 4. Clean or replace 5. Check contactor, clean or replace if necessary

Motor drive for OLTC

Drive cannot be operated electrically

Drive keeps running Motor

on

Clean or replace 1. Repair or replace emergency stop button

protective

switch trips during operation of motor drive Off-circuit tap changer 1. Operation not possible 2. Gas in buchholz relay 1. The colour of the drying crystals changes from below 2. Changes from top 3. In general

on or stuck 2. Motor current excessive due to overload or phase failure 1. Adjusting device detective 2. Carbon formation on contacts

2. Check drive for stillness with crack handle 3. Request a factory engineer. If a mechanical fault in the tap-changer is suspected. 1. Repair adjusting device, operate multiple the tap changer once a year over all positions (extraction points) 2. Check the transformer as described for the buchholz relay(1-7) 1. Replace dehydrating agent Replacing glass cylinder or seal properly 2. Seal pipe leaks, check the oil for moisture content 3. Flush the conservator with dry air

Dehydrating breather

1. High atmospheric humidity. Glass cylinder leaky 2. Moisture in conservator Pipe leaky Glass cylinder leaky 3. Glass cylinder burst, maintenance intervals too long 1. Breather inoperable of transformer in service very long time 2. Leaks in water cooling system 3. Water pressure reducer inoperable Poor contact making

Electrical breakdown voltage of the oil

1. Breakdown voltage too low 2. Water content too high

1. 2. 3. 4.

Put breather into operation Seal or repair coolers Contact manufacturer Dry the oil if necessary

Terminal lugs on bushing control Control cabinet

Discoloration connecting parts

of

Clear the contact faces Tighten the screws 1. Set the cabinet heater to a higher temperature 2. Seal the cabinet door. Fit a dust cleaner if necessary 3. Protect the cabinet against solar irradiation, provide for better ventilation

1. Electrical apparatus does not operate properly 2. Contacts commanded or contaminated 3. Apparatus housing bend Earthing interrupted line

1. Excision humidity in control cabinet 2. Water or dust inside the cabinet 3. Excessive high temperature in the cabinet

Earthing connection

1. Excessive current due to external flash overs 2. Impermissible current loops through multiple earthing 1. Incorrect contact adjustment 2. Bushing over-loaded, oil temperature too high due to solar irradiation 1. Incorrect adjustment contact

1. Clean the contacts tighten the screws and check the electrical distances. 2. Open up current loops 3. Only one earthing with a sufficient cross section. 1. Correct the contact adjustment 2. Check the reading 3. Check the bushing, reduce the transformer load, increase the cooling effect 4. Correct the contact adjustment 5. Check the pressure monitor and reset the

Pressure gauge for HV-bushing

Oil pressure in HV-bushing too high

Pressure monitor for

Oil pressure in HV-bushing too high

HV-bushing

2. Bushing over-loaded, oil temperature too high due to solar irradiation 3. Violent vibration on transformer No air flow or reduced air flow 1. Protective screen iced up or clogged. 2. Cooler clogged or very dirty 3. Fan motor faulty (winding defective or over-heated. Bearing damage) 4. Incorrect direction of rotation Leakages in the oil circuit or the water cooling system

auxiliary switch 6. Check the bushings, reduce the transformer load, increase the cooling

Air flow monitor

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Clean the screen, open the front flaps Clean coolers Check the supply leads Repair fans Correct direction of rotation Check over-current tripping features Check electrical connection, signaling and tripping

Oil sight roof

Traces of oil on the water surface

Seal and repair coolers