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AUAI,yffiS qq cOl'iPIIlK t0ST Tfi{9IONI'D

STRUCIIIJRES

JtiTBcprriru. using simple striP

1

If the following.condj.tions are meetrthe efl'ects of prestress may be ana.lysed

beam theorY.

) 2)

1lne

bridge tieck is a regUlar parallelogram

in pian shape.

Skew does

not

exceed' 2oo.

3) At aly transvers cross-section, ti-re monent ef inertia. ls unifo::st aeross has the wldth of the bridge e.g. solid, s1ab, or if boam a^nd slabn each bea:n sffue monent of inertl"a.* of the deek. 4 ) $re prestress effects rnust be uniform across wid.iir *
l,{ost brid.ges have sorne ed.ge sti.ffening effect due to parapets, or eilge cantilevers etc. If this is the case, a deck if nanow nay be analysed q:rd.er prestress load.ing as a c*,ntinucus bean t:onsid.ering the cornplete eross section ngment of inertla, and the transverse distribution properties of the deck nust be sufficiently good to ensure that tlr:is assumption is valid.

these cond.itions are not sabisfied, and a sLruc*ure is of such eomplexity that it is necessary to analy'se the effects of external loads using a FF;drIEt C.RID, OR I'II,IITE ELmtm{T computer progra.n, then it is essentiaL that the sa-ue nethod. be used to analyse the effects of prestress.

If

l'lB

lQpg-q,w
does not have the

a 1oading case, then there are three ways rra;tr be represented.

]iiliT{OD f

If a program
.

facility to lepresent the prestress directJy as in wh-ich i;he load-ing due to prestress

i'OrLOE irEfHOD

In this nethod, the structr.rse is analysed und.er the acticn of the external forces imparted- to ihe strueture by the prestressi4g cable. If a plane Erarne structural representation ls analyse,i under the action of these forces, the resulting output froi'a the analv:is will represent the total effect of prestress. Send-ing moments rvill j-ncluCe prlmary plus secondary effectso and shear forces will be the total effect including the effeet of the inclirra' tion of the eable to the centroidal axrs If a gFillage or p3-ate bend.in6 finite elcment structural representa.tion is used', tire resul-ts vrill be the total tra:rsverse effects due to 5,restress. In-plaae prestress effects nay }eve to be dete:rained using a pseuco fra;ne or pLane stress fittite element analysis. the latter r.ncthoti ii preferred, ar:d. a suitable progra$ is mounted' on the Coi,rnty comprrf,sa at Springfieiri" For a curved cable shovrn in FIG 1 stressed. bo a tension T, the forces necessr-ry to naii:tain the cable in the reqr:i:ed. shape consists of reactions 'Tr at eacir en4 cf the eable acting alnng iiie line cf the cable, together with radlal forces T/R per rurit length, ',vhere R is radius of cable. fo analyse FRAI,IES and. GIiIIS b:r the force nethod, Lancashire Sub-Urrlt of the ![i',f RCU have written a prograin f109, vrhSch is used ln coujuncilon with the ICL frame frarne a.nd grid, progr"ns. A nore detailed description of the force nethod as applicablc: to ITiGLiJS anC GRIDS is given in I'The i-nalysis of Fost-tensionerl
Prestlessed. tr*sa$es and Grid.s, Description

of Conputer lhogran

T109rr.

2Progra:n T109 is available for running at Sprlngfield.. fhe program specificatlon rnust be read before proced.ing vrith a problen, because the lirnitations on the size of problem that can be analysed. are less than those of the I.C.L. I'fiAIIE and.
G&[D progra:n.

element plate bending probLem the transverse forces fron the cable would. have to be represented. as point loads, or a stepped. Iine Ioad.. Ihis techniclue is not recommended., as lt is easiet, and. Just as accuxate to use the |tDiscrete Moment lt{etbodtt d.escribed below.
}'[ETHOD

If the IORCE method. were to be used. on a flnite

2.

DISCRETE l,{Olt'lH'lT

LIETTIOD

approx{mates

In this nethod the prestress is

to the tnre prestress

represented. as stepped moment d.iagra.n whlch moment profile, see FIG 2"

i{hen used. for a FRAIIE analysls, FIG 3, so that axial shortenlng

axial loads should be appliecl to the frame see of beans is accounted. for.
moment

The results frorn this nethod. of analysis wilL be the total prestress, that ls primary plus second.ary effects.

effect due to

For a plane frame, the axial load effect j.s given in the results.

In the case of a fj-nite

effects of prestress,

may have

element plate bend.ing or a grillage analysis, the direct to be dete:mi.rned. as suggested in ldEtEOD 1.

llhis nethod of representing prestress effeets d.oes not include the shear due to lnclination of cable to centroid.al axis, and so this must be add.ed. nanually to the conputer resuits.
MEIHoD

3. DISTRTBUIED I{ol,iS{T 1,1ETH0D There is the facility in most frame and grid. conputer progra:ns that pernits the applieation of unifornoly distributed moments see Fig 4. Ttre ICL IBAi,fE and GRID prograns can do this. If STRIIII is used., the program should be checked against a si-nple continuous bean problen, as sone versions. of STRUDL have a bug in them.

fhus the prestress moment profile nay be represented. polygonally, and therefore much nore accurately than the DJSCRJITE 1,10I{INT }11ITII0D. Otherwise, the comments made about the DISCRETE i',i0MSiT }|0TII0D are relevant to ttr-is method..
CONCLLTSIONS

fn the design of complex post-tensioned. stnrctr:resn flnd.ing an economic prestress solution is essentially an iterative process. It is the experience of the Kent Sub-Unit and. other design offiees that at least 8 nan nonths should be allowed for ar:alysis and d.esign. Ilith sinply supported. slabs, a quick solution raay be possible using the concepts of }oatl balancing, see ref 1. The sol'ation so obtained. is not veryeeonomlc in prestress requirements, but it rnay well give a feasible solutj-on"
Rm'rRm{C$g
1

Design of prestressed concrete structures by T.Y.

Lin John','/iley & Sonsn Ine.

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