WHYDOESTHESTATEHAVEJURISDICTIONOVERME? Todayallpeopleaskwhycan'tIgetthestateoffmyback?Whydotheysaytheyhavejurisdictionoverme?WhyisitthatIcan'tseemtoshakethemyththattheydo havejurisdictionoverme?HowcanIridfromme,whatevertheysaygivesthemjurisdiction?Whyisittheywon'ttellanyonewhatgivesthemjurisdiction,whetherinthe agencyorcourt?Whydopeoplesayit'salladmiraltywhenIamnotinanymaritimecontracts? Thesearebutafewquestionsofmanypeoplehavehadovertimeand99percenthavenocluetotheanswers.Itisaseeminglythoughtprovokingquestiontosaythe least.Manyofushavetriedtotellthepeopletheanswers.Forthemostparttheycannotcomprehendthedatatheyaregiven.Maybebecauseit'sinthecourtcaseswe havegiven.Maybethepeoplecannotcomprehendthelegalspeakinthecourtdecisions.Maybeit'sbecausepeopledon'twanttobelievewhattheyreadinthosecases andclingtoamythofsovereignty.Maybetheybelievethemyththatthepeoplecreatedthismonstrositycalledgovernmentandtheyhavetolistentothepeople.Thereare manyreasonsthepeoplehavenotyetcomprehended. ItiswiththiswritingthatIwillattempt,again,totryandindoingsoIwillnotboreyouwithcourtcases.Iwillattempttogiveyoutheanswertoalltheabovequestionsina shortbutbriefexplanation.Iwillnotgointoresidency,whichisbutonereasontheycanhavejurisdictionoveryou.Hopefullyyouwillunderstand. Let'sstartthiswayeverythingyoudointoday'sworldhasamaritimelatch.Youcannotdoanythingwithoutthismaritimelatch.Whatisthismaritimelatchyouask.Very simple,INSURANCE.Yes,insurance.YouallknowthatthisStateandtheUnitedStatesoperatesasacorporationandonlyasacorporation.Justgotothecounty, parishorhowevertheStatedefinestheplacewhereyoulive,andsearchtherecordstoseewhenthatplacewasincorporated.Manytowns,asyouenterit,willsayona bigsign,enteringsoandsotown,incorporated1816orsomesuchdate.Backinthe1800'sthecommonmanhadnoinsurance.

Hehadnolifeinsurance,hadnocar insurance,hadnopropertyinsurance.Sowhatgavethatparticulartownjurisdiction?Residency,plainandsimple.Butthatisnotthereasonforthisarticlesoforgetabout residencyinthefollowinganddonotattempttoputresidencyinthemixoranyotheritembutinsurance.Whataboutlifeinsurance,propertyinsurance,etc.?Theseall haveabearingastowhythey(government)controlyou.SincetheStateisacorporationtheycanallowothercreatedcorporationstoexistbyhavingthemregisterwith theSecretaryofStatetodotheirbusinessinthisstate.Youhavetoremember,inlawwordstakeonadifferentmeaninganddonotmeanwhatthedictionarymakes themouttobe.Thatword,becomesatermandthelawgiversusetermtogivethatdictionarywordameaningtheywantittomean.Hencethisstateisnotreferringto whatpeoplebelieveittobe.Thisstateandthestatearetwoseparatemeanings.Oneiscorporate,theotherisnotcorporate.Thiscanbefoundonatgpress. Whataboutcarinsurance?Somepeopledonothaveacarandsaythatleavesmeoutoftheirjurisdiction.Howaboutthathouseorlandyoubought?Theinsuranceyou havetogettomakesurethereisnohiddenliensonitisallmaritime.It'scalledTitleinsurance.Thisstatehasaninterestinitandisapartytoownershipthroughthat insurancecontractandforthemostpartIwouldsay99.99percentofyoupeoplehavenocluethatthisstateisapartytothatpolicy.Thatisthelatch,justasthelife insurancepolicyisandthatcarinsuranceis.Thefactthatpeopletodayallhavesometypeofinsuranceisakeylatch. Hereisthesimpleproofthatyouallneedtodofurtherresearchtoprovetoyourselfthatwhatiswrittenhereistrue.ItakethissimpleanswerfromabookcalledCivil Procedure,byProfessorofLaw,RoyL.Brooks,whoteachesCivilProcedure,Employmentdiscrimination,corporations,corporationfinance,securityregulations,and othersimilarcomplexlitigation. Onpage66ofhisbookaquestionisaskedandananswerisgivenonExaminationQuestiononPersonalJurisdictionandServiceofProcess.Nowhisanswerisreally couchedintermsoflawandnotordinarydictionarywordsthatyouarefamiliarwith.Thisishowcloselyonemustreadanylegaldocumentorabookofthisnature, becauseithastousetermssuchasthisstateandresidencytobeunderstoodinlaw.Evenmostpatriotsoverlookthisdistinctionbetweenwordsandtermsinwhat theyreadasyouwillseeinreadingtheexaminationquestion.Everyonewouldreadthisinstandardcommoneverydaywords.Iwillboldthosemisunderstoodwritings, becausetheyaretermsandyoureadthemaswords.Alsonotethecapitalizationinsomeofthekeytermsorphrases. Directquote: Williams,aresidentofStateB,suedAFCCorporation(AFC).AStateCcorporationwithitsprincipleplaceofbusinessinStateD,andDexter,aresidentofStateC whoownsanofficebuildinginStateA,inthestatetrialcourtofStateAfordamages.WilliamsclaimedthatAFC,aidedinthetortiousconductofDexter,failedtodeliver goodsunderthetermsofacontractnegotiatedinStateA.ThecontractwasnegotiatedbyAFC'spresidentduringameetingheldinDexter'sofficebuilding.Thegoods weretobedeliveredtoWilliamsatastoragefacilitylocatedinStateA.AFChasneverconductedanybusinessinStateA,withtheexceptionofoperatingademolition businessspecializingintheuseofexplosivesinclearingawayoldbuildings.Thisbusinesslastedforathreemonthperiodendingoneyearago.Serviceofprocesswas madeonAFCbydeliveryofthecomplaintandsummonstoitspresidentpersonallyinStateDandonDexterbydeliveryofthecomplaintandsummonstohisestranged wifelivinginStateA.ThelongarmstatuteadoptedbyStateAisthefollowing: (1)Anyperson,whetherornotacitizenorresidentofthisState,whoinpersonorthroughanagentdoesanyoftheactshereinafterenumerated,thereby submitssuchperson,andifanindividual,hispersonalrepresentative,tothejurisdictionofthecourtsofthisStateastoanycausesofactionarisingfromthe doingofanyofsaidacts: (a)ThetransactionofanybusinesswithinthisState (b)ThecommissionofatortiousactwithinthisState (c)Theownership,use,orpossessionofanyrealestatesituatedinthisStateor (d)Contractingtoinsureanyperson,property,orrisklocatedwithinthisStateatthetimeofcontracting ENDofDirectquote Idon'tbelievethatisveryhardtodigest,especiallythelastsentence.JustthinkthatthisStateisacorporationoperatingstrictlyinAdmiraltyjurisdictionfromwaybackin 1603andevenafterthefeignedRevolutionarywar,stilloperatedastheCrown'scolonies,nowcalledStatesandUnitedStates,inalladmiraltywhichisinternationallaw ofmaritime.Knowingthatallinsurancesaremaritimeinnaturewhereevermadeonearth,youcanseehowtheyhavejurisdictionwhenyouobtainlifeinsurance,health insurance,fireinsurance,carinsurance,andpropertyinsuranceandthatlittleknowninsurancewhenyoubuypropertycalledTitleinsurance. NowdoyouseewhythisStateclaimsjurisdictionoveryouwhereyouhadnoideahow? Many,manywaysdotheyobtainjurisdictionandnonecanbeanyplainerthanwhatisfoundinmywritingsonatgpress.Itissosubtleforinstance, http://www.atgpress.com/inform/gov046.htm http://www.atgpress.com/inform/cs027.htm http://www.atgpress.com/inform/cs032.htm

NowdoyouseewhythisStateclaimsjurisdictionoveryouwhereyouhadnoideahow? Many,manywaysdotheyobtainjurisdictionandnonecanbeanyplainerthanwhatisfoundinmywritingsonatgpress.Itissosubtleforinstance, http://www.atgpress.com/inform/gov046.htm http://www.atgpress.com/inform/cs027.htm http://www.atgpress.com/inform/cs032.htm http://www.atgpress.com/inform/gov035.htm Itisthislastsubtletiesintheabovecasesinthewritings,thatisshownfromtheNorthCarolinadescriptionofCountiesthatwillhelpyoudecideastothelatchesof maritimeinsuranceandthestatusyouholdinthisquagmireofthisState,TheState,andallothertermstheyhaveusedtoconcealtheirconquestofthecommonpeople. Readthiscarefullyallyouperson,residentsandinsuranceholdersofthisStateinit'scorporatecharteringofinsurancecompanies. Source:NorthCarolinaStateLibrary. COUNTYGOVERNMENT:HISTORICALPERSPECTIVE Contents EarlyBeginnings TheCountyasaBodyPoliticandCorporate TheBoardofCountyCommissioners TheCountyasaBodyPoliticandCorporate Acounty,asadefinedgeographicsubdivisionofthestate,servesmanypurposes.Churches,civicclubs,andothersocietalinstitutionsusecountiesasconvenient subdivisionsfortheirownpurposes.Thebusinessworldmayassignsalesterritoriesandfranchisestoareascomposedofoneormorecounties.Thecountymayplaya roleinthepsychologyofpeoplebornandraised"inthecountry"itservestoestablishwheretheyarefromandwhotheyare,thusbecomingapartoftheirpersonal identity.Butthecountywascreatedinthefirstinstancebythestateasapoliticalunit,andthisremainsitsprimarypurpose. Morethanfortyyearsago,theNorthCarolinaSupremeCourtwascalledupontodefineacountyfromalegalpointofview.(Inthecase,WakeCountywasalitigantand thecourtspokeintermsofthatcounty,butwhattheCourthadtosayisequallytrueoftheotherninetyninecounties): WakeCountyisabodypoliticandcorporate,createdbytheGeneralAssemblyofNorthCarolinaforcertainpublicandpoliticalpurposes.Itspowersassuch,both expressandimplied,areconferredbystatutes,enactedfromtimetotimebytheGeneralAssembly,andareexercisedbyitsBoardofCommissioners....Intheexerciseof ordinarygovernmentfunctions,[counties]aresimplyagenciesoftheState,constitutedfortheconvenienceoflocaladministrationincertainportionsoftheState'sterritory, andintheexerciseofsuchfunctionstheyaresubjecttoalmostunlimitedlegislativecontrol,exceptwhenthepowerisrestrictedbyconstitutionalprovisions. Thelanguageusedbythecourtisimportantasitestablishedthedefinitionofacounty.Acounty,accordingtothecourt,isa"bodypoliticandcorporate."Abodypoliticis acivildivisionofthestateforpurposesofgovernmentaladministration.Abodycorporateisalegalentity.Inprivatelaw,acorporationisalegalperson.Acountyisa legalentityorcorporationofaspecialsortandwithapublicfunction.Assuch,itcanbuyandholdproperty,sueandbesued,andenterintocontractsallfunctions necessarytomakeitsworkasabodypoliticeffective. InO'Berry,StateTreasurerv.MecklenburgCounty,[198N.C.357,151S.E.880(1930)],thecourtstatedthat"theweightofauthorityistoeffectthatallthepowers andfunctionsofacountybearreferencetothegeneralpolicyoftheState,andareinfactanintegralportionofthegeneraladministrationofStatepolicy.Historically,the primarypurposeforerectingacountywastoservestatepurposesandtoperformstatefunctionsinagivenarearatherthantoservethepurposesofaparticular geographiccommunity.(Bywayofcontrast,acitywasprimarilyformedattherequestofthepeoplewithinitsjurisdictiontoservetheneedsoftheinhabitants.) FortheSupremeCourttosaythat"allthepowersandfunctionsofacountybearreferencetothegeneralpolicyoftheStateandareinfactanintegralportionofthe generaladministrationofStatepolicy"isnotasrestrictiveasmightatfirstreadingappear."Statepolicy"isaverybroadframeofreferenceitcantouchanyaspectoflocal government.Thus,thetrulysignificantnuggetintheSupremeCourt'sdefinitionoftheroleofcountiesisitsstatementthatintheexerciseoftheirfunctions,counties"are subjecttoalmostunlimitedlegislativecontrol,exceptwhenthepowerisrestrictedbyconstitutionalprovisions."Ineffect,iftheGeneralAssemblycanbepersuadedto assigncountiesanygivenpowerorresponsibility,and,iftheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitit,thatassignmentbecomesstatepolicyforcountyadministration. Thecourt'sphrasesshouldnotbedrainedofmeaning,buttheymustbereadinthelightofthefreedomtheGeneralAssemblyhasinwithholding,assigning,withdrawing, andsupervisingthespecificpowersofanyagencyofgovernmentstate,county,municipality,orspecialdistrict.Thedevelopmentof"statepolicy"withregardtothe allocationoffunctionsamonggovernmentalunitsandagenciesisnecessarilydeterminedbysuccessivelegislatures'changingideasofwhatisbestcalculatedtoachieve desiredresults. Experienceplaysamajorroleinthedeterminationofstatepolicy.Frequentlyfinancialemergencyandstresshaveproducedaclimatefavorabletoreexaminationofthe allocationofgovernmentalresponsibilities.UntilGovernorMcLean'sadministration,thestateallowedcounties,cities,andotherlocalunitsalmostunlimitedfreedomin borrowingmoneyandissuingbonds.Withnoonetoadviseorwarntheminmarketingtheirsecurities,manycountiesoverextendedtheirobligationsandsawtheircredit ratingsdroptothepointwheretheyhadtopaycripplingratesofinterest.Eventually,somefacedbankruptcy.In1927,onthebasisofthisexperience,andrecognizinga statewideconcern,thelegislatureestablishedtheCountyGovernmentAdvisoryCommissionandgaveitthesupervisorypowersnecessarytocorrectthesituation.This commissioneffectedareversalinlocalgovernmentfinancing,anditssuccessor,theLocalGovernmentCommissionremainsoneofthebulwarksofNorthCarolina governmenttoday. Experiencewithvariouslocalarrangementsforroadbuildingandmaintenancehadacomparableeffectonstatepolicy.ItisnotaccidentalthatNorthCarolinacountiesare nolongerresponsibleforthiswork.Reflectingtheconcernofthepeopleofthestate,thelegislaturerecognizedacommunityofinterestinroadswiderthanthesingle countyanddefinedstatepolicyonroadsaccordingly.Comparableredefinitionsoftheareaofconcernhaveaffectedgovernmentalresponsibilityforoperatingschools, conductingelections,housingthestate'ssystemoflowercourtsandtheirrecords,maintainingpropertyownershipandmortgagerecords,enforcingmuchofthestate's criminallaw,administeringpublichealthandpublicwelfareprograms,andcarryingonstateprogramsdesignedtopromotethedevelopmentofagriculture.Someofthese functionsaretheresponsibilityoftheboardsofcountycommissioners,andsomeareassignedtootherboardswithvaryingrelationshipstotheboardofcounty commissioners.Thus,apartfromtheroleplayedbythecommissionersinanyofthesefields,itisthepolicyofthestatetomakeextensiveuseofitscountiesincarryingout alargenumberofessentialgovernmentaloperations. Fromthebeginning,thecountyhasbeenusedasthebasiclocalunitinthejudicialsystemandforlawenforcementthereonefindsthecourt,thecourthouse,thesheriff, thejail,theclerk,andthecourtrecords.Butthecourtisnotacountycourtitisaunitofthestate'sjudicialsystem.Thejudge,thesolicitor,theclerk,andthemagistrates arestateofficialswhoadministerstatelaw,notcountylaw. TheGeneralAssemblyexpressesandcodifiesitsstatepolicydecisionsbyenactingstatutes.Inassigningdutiesandpowerstocounties,thelegislaturesometimesspeaksin termsofmandateorcommandandsometimesintermsofpermissionanddiscretion.Thus,forexample,countiesarerequiredtoprovideadequatehousingforpublic schools,whiletheyaregivendiscretionaryauthoritytoexerciseplanningandzoningpowers.

Fromthebeginning,thecountyhasbeenusedasthebasiclocalunitinthejudicialsystemandforlawenforcementthereonefindsthecourt,thecourthouse,thesheriff, thejail,theclerk,andthecourtrecords.Butthecourtisnotacountycourtitisaunitofthestate'sjudicialsystem.Thejudge,thesolicitor,theclerk,andthemagistrates arestateofficialswhoadministerstatelaw,notcountylaw. TheGeneralAssemblyexpressesandcodifiesitsstatepolicydecisionsbyenactingstatutes.Inassigningdutiesandpowerstocounties,thelegislaturesometimesspeaksin termsofmandateorcommandandsometimesintermsofpermissionanddiscretion.Thus,forexample,countiesarerequiredtoprovideadequatehousingforpublic schools,whiletheyaregivendiscretionaryauthoritytoexerciseplanningandzoningpowers. TheGeneralAssemblymakestwokindsoflawsitenactsgeneralstatutesthatapplystatewide,butitalsoenactslocalorspeciallawsthatapplyexclusivelywithinnamed countiesorcities.OurStateConstitutioncontainslimitationsonlegislativeauthoritytoenactlocallawsdealingwithasubstantiallistoftopics,butintheabsenceof constitutionalrestriction,thelegislativeisfreetopermitlocalvarietyandexperiment,afreedomoncedenouncedbystudentsofgovernmentbutnowseenasauseful devicefordemonstratingnewideasandapproachestogovernmentalproblems.Giventhislegislativefreedom,anydiscussionofcountypowersandresponsibilitiesmust alwaysbeprefacedwithacautionthatwhatisbeingsaidaboutcountiesingeneralmaynotbetrueforaparticularcounty. ENDofQUOTE TheInformer11/1/2006