Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.

com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

Example: Short column with bi-axial bending

Rectangular column design by PROKON. Design code : BS8110 - 1997
(RecCol Ver W2.5.17 - 26 Oct 2012)

C11

Input tables
General design parameters and loads:
Load case Description Ultimate Limit State Design Loads P (kN) Mx top (kNm) My top (kNm) Mx bot (kNm) My bot (kNm)

1 DL 2 DL+LL
h b d'x d'y Lo (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (m)

495 783

50 35

25 12

345 230 45 45 2.8 30 450

400

fcu (MPa) fy (MPa)

General design parameters:

Given: h = 345 mm b = 230 mm d'x = 45 mm d'y = 45 mm Lo = 2.800 m fcu = 30 MPa fy = 450 MPa Design chart for bending about the X-X axis:

300

200

100

Y
100

Axial load (kN)

0%
20.0 40.0 60.0

1%
80.0 100

2%
120

3%
140 160

4%
180 200

5%
220 240

6%
260 280 300

-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 Bending moment (kNm)

Moment max = 283.2kNm @ 524 kN

3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Column design chart (X-X)

200

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)
Moment max = 160.5kNm @ 476 kN

Axial load (kN)

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 Bending moment (kNm)

Therefore:
Ac = b . h = .23 .345 = 0.0793 m

h' = h - d'x = .345 - .045 = 0.3000 m

b' = b - d'y = .23 - .045 = 0.1850 m

Assumptions: (1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable. (2) The section is symmetrically reinforced. (3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column. (4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.

170

3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

Design approach:
The column is designed using the following procedure: (1) The column design charts are constructed. (2) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined . (3) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from the relevant design chart. (4) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant design chart. (5) The procedure is repeated for each load case. (6) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest steel area about the design axis. Through inspection: Load case 1 (DL) is critical.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis: At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed). At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed). The column is braced. x = 0.80 End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis: At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed). At the bottom end: Condition 1 (fully fixed). The column is braced. y = 0.80 Effective column height: lex = x. Lo = .8 2.8 = 2.240 m

Table 3.21

Table 3.21

ley = y. Lo = .8 2.8 = 2.240 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

x =
=

lex h 2.24 .345

= 6.493

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

y =
=

ley b 2.24 .23

= 9.739

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
3.8.2.4

eminx = 0.05 . h = 0.05 .345 = 0.0172 m

eminy = 0.05 . b = 0.05 .23 = 0.0115 m

Mmin = emin. N = .01725 495 = 8.539 kNm

Check if the column is slender:

3.8.1.3

x = 6.5 < 15 y = 9.7 < 15 The column is short.

Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis: M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 25.0 kNm M2 = Larger initial end moment = 50.0 kNm The initial moment near mid-height of the column : Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2 = - 0.4 25 + 0.6 50 = 20.000 kNm
3.8.3.2

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2 = 0.4 50 = 20.000 kNm

Mi 0.4M2 = 50.0 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis: M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm M2 = Larger initial end moment = 0.0 kNm The initial moment near mid-height of the column : Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2 = - 0.4 0 + 0.6 0 = 0.0000100 kNm
3.8.3.2

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2 = 0.4 0 = 0.0000100 kNm

Mi 0.4M2 = 0.0 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load: Pu = 495.0 kN Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X: At the top, Mx = 50.0 kNm Near mid-height, Mx = 20.0 kNm At the bottom, Mx = 25.0 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm) Mxtop=50.0 kNm

Mx=50.0 kNm Mxmin=8.5 kNm

Mxbot=25.0 kNm Initial Additional Design

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection: The critical section lies at the top end of the column. The column is designed to withstand the uni-axially applied moment about the major axis. For bending about the design axis:

Axial load (kN)

0%
20.0 40.0 60.0

1%
80.0 100

2%
120

3%
140 160

4%
180 200

5%
220 240

6%
260 280 300

-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 Bending moment (kNm)

Reinforcement required about the X-X axis: From the design chart, Asc = 324 mm = 0.41%

Moment max = 283.2kNm @ 524 kN

3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Column design chart (X-X)

Job Number Job Title Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Internet: http://www.prokon.com E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Client Calcs by Checked by Date

Sheet

For bending perpendicular to the design axis:

Axial load (kN)

0%
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

1%
50.0

2%
60.0 70.0

3%
80.0 90.0

4%
100 110 120

5%
130 140

6%
150 160 170

-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 Bending moment (kNm)

Reinforcement required about the Y-Y axis: From the design chart, Asc = 324 mm

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:
Load case 1 2 Axis X-X Y-Y X-X Y-Y N (kN) 495.0 783.0 M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design 25.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 X-X Top X-X Top M (kNm) M' (kNm) 50.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 50.0 35.0 Asc (mm) 324 (0.41%) 324 (0.41%) 324 (0.41%) 324 (0.41%)

Load case 1 (DL) is critical.

Moment max = 160.5kNm @ 476 kN

3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200

Column design chart (Y-Y)