Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Position Paper Jan Steffan, Ludger Fiege, Mariano Cilia, Alejandro Buchmann
Department of Computer Science Darmstadt University of Technology

2nd Workshop on Middleware for Pervasive and Ad-Hoc Computing 2004

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Outline
1

Motivation Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement Scopes in WSN Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview Conclusion and Perspectives Further Possibilities Summary

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Wireless Sensor Networks: Common Assumptions

Hardware: 1000s of inexpensive sensor nodes Sensors: temperature, humidity, . . . nodes have short range radio interfaces Goal: nodes form multi-hop ad-hoc network sink node(s) collects selected sensor data resilience to node and link failures
sink

Challenges: nodes have limited capabilities (C, few kB of RAM and ROM) battery power is scarce ad-hoc and distributed

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Distinction from other Networks

Common Networks: Internet, Overlay networks,. . . Nodes have unique IDs (e.g. IP addresses) Nodes are addressed by unicast or Nodes join multicast groups Sensor Networks: Nodes are selected based on: Collected data (type, accuracy, . . . ) Context (location, distance, density, . . . ) Capabilities and resources (sensor type, battery level, . . . )

Scope
We call a group of nodes selected by a rule scope.
Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Current WSN Software Development and Architecture

Software Development: Optimized custom solutions based on low level hardware or software interfaces Trend: Generic high level interfaces (declarative query languages) Architecture: Tight integration of query processing, data collection, aggregation, routing, medium access No modularization Scoping is implicit Usually only one type of scoping supported Integration of new scope types is not provided for.
Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Example Scenario: Freight Container Monitoring

Sensors inside containers:

temperature humidity door alarm ...

Containers form ad-hoc network Data Sinks at harbour, ship, fork lifters, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Different Scopes for each Application

measure temperature in containers in top row or facing south measure temperature in containers with dangerous goods detect tampering at doors of accessible containers request inventory of one owners containers measure humidity in containers with low temperature

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Different Scopes for each Application

measure temperature in containers in top row or facing south measure temperature in containers with dangerous goods detect tampering at doors of accessible containers request inventory of one owners containers measure humidity in containers with low temperature

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Different Scopes for each Application

measure temperature in containers in top row or facing south measure temperature in containers with dangerous goods detect tampering at doors of accessible containers request inventory of one owners containers measure humidity in containers with low temperature

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Different Scopes for each Application

measure temperature in containers in top row or facing south measure temperature in containers with dangerous goods detect tampering at doors of accessible containers request inventory of one owners containers measure humidity in containers with low temperature

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Different Scopes for each Application

measure temperature in containers in top row or facing south measure temperature in containers with dangerous goods detect tampering at doors of accessible containers request inventory of one owners containers measure humidity in containers with low temperature

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Introduction Motivating Example Problem Statement

Multipurpose WSN Infrastructure

Requirements: Multiple concurrent applications Different, maybe evolving requirements Shared, heterogeneous infrastructure Efcient, cost effective and future-proof

Our Approach:
Scopes as a means of customizing and modularizing WSN functionality Support multiple scope types simultaneously Enable the adaption and addition of scope types Keep high level query interfaces
Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Making Scoping Explicit

Why scopes? Scoping is one of the fundamental building blocks of WSNs Implicit part of many WSN applications and algorithms Scoping is orthogonal to data collection and processing Factoring out scoping allows for: Cleaner design Efcient use of resources Efcient implementation of individual scope types

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Scope Representation
Scope creation requires only a few parameters:

Scope
A scope consists of Unique Scope-ID Scope-type (determining selection of algorithms) Scope-type dependent membership-condition (e.g. geographic region, sensor type) Optional: Scope life-time optional annotations specifying communication semantics

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Integrating Scopes with WSN

Applications Application 1 Application 2

...

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Integrating Scopes with WSN

Applications Application 1 Application 2

Implementation Geographical Node feature modules Network topology

...

Membership policies

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Integrating Scopes with WSN

Applications Application 1 Application 2

Descriptive Scopes

Scope A

Implementation Geographical Node feature modules Network topology

...

Instantiation of scopes

Membership policies

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Integrating Scopes with WSN

Applications Application 1 Application 2

Descriptive Scopes

Scope A

Scope B

Implementation Geographical Node feature modules Network topology

...

Instantiation of scopes

Membership policies

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Examples of two Deployed Scopes

Member Forwarding

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Integrating Scopes with WSN

Application logic Scopetype Implementations

Member or Forwarder?

ID

...

Networking

Output Queue

Medium Access
Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Making Scoping Explicit Architecture Overview

Scope Deployment and Maintenance

Deployment: Creating a new scope Find scope member nodes according to rule Establish routing paths between member nodes Maintenance: Keep the scope functional Handle node and network failures Maintain connectivity Scope-membership updates due to dynamic conditions or mobility We can use existing specialized algorithms for each scope-type.

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Further Possibilities Summary

Binding Communication Semantics to Scopes

Applications Application 1 Application 2

Descriptive Scopes

Scope A

Scope B

Implementation Geographical Node feature modules Network topology

...

Instantiation of scopes

Membership policies

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Further Possibilities Summary

Binding Communication Semantics to Scopes

Applications Application 1 Application 2

Descriptive Scopes

Scope A

Scope B

Implementation Geographical Node feature modules Network topology Security Visibility Priority

...

Instantiation of scopes

Membership policies

Communication policies

Low-level Services

Networking, Neighbor Management, Localization, . . .

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

...

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Further Possibilities Summary

Security: Restricting Visibility of Sensor Data

So far we have discussed: Scopes as a means of restricting the visibility of queries/subscriptions Selecting a tight set of data sources In order to enforce security policies we can: Restrict the visibility of sensor data to scope members Only selected sinks may see sensitive data Only trusted nodes may act as forwarding nodes Any complex policy scheme can be implemented as special scope type

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Further Possibilities Summary

Summary
Addressing groups of nodes (scopes) is a fundamental building block of WSN applications. Applications and algorithms need very distinct node selection rules. Factoring out scoping leads to simplied and cleaner application development. Concurrent scopes enable extensible multipurpose sensor networks. Scopes are useful beyond data source selection: e.g. selecting alternative communication semantics, enforcing security policies, distributing keys, deploying application components
Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks

Motivation Scopes in WSN Conclusion and Perspectives

Further Possibilities Summary

Questions?

Jan Steffan <steffan@ito.tu-darmstadt.de>

Steffan, Fiege, Cilia, Buchmann

Scoping in Wireless Sensor Networks