1.

1 Experimental Results
Sample Type Aluminum Zinc Carbon Steel HIPS (normal) HIPS (slow) HDPE (normal) HDPE (slow) PS (normal) PS (slow) Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Length (mm)

Table 1: Values of the physical dimensions of the sample

Sample Type

Speed (mm/min)

Elastic Modulus (MPa) 41972 57964 64141 744.9787

Yield Stress (MPa) 275.83 726.39 24.808 22.773 23.802 21.729 -

Elongation At Yield (mm)

Ultimate Stress (MPa) 300 641.21 726.39 24.808 22.773 23.802 21.729 46.667 39.325

Ultimate Elongation (mm)

Elongation At Yield (%) 7.7667 11.944 3.9528 3.9169 16.163 15.316 -

Ultimate Elongation (%) 14.907 33.565 21.284 50.702 55.995 118.38 318.58 6.5719 6.771

Aluminum Brass Carbon Steel HIPS (normal) HIPS (slow) HDPE (normal) HDPE (slow) PS (normal) PS (slow)

2.2819 3.5092 2.3721 2.4731

9.7028 9.4928 -

30

1068.65 434.415 222.54 653.2 40.05

6.4776 9.7742 6.2531 30.426 35.355

71.063 197.45 4.2139 4.2332

Table 2: Values obtained from the stress-strain curve via the computer program

1.2 Observations
Aluminium
Stress (MPa)

300

Greatest Slope

Break

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup

200

Preload: Speed: Gauge Length: Area:

100

Not Applicable 30.0 mm/min About 29.4 mm About 5.99 mm x 5.88 mm Load drops quickly

Break: Sample Inf ormation

00

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Percentage Strain

Figure 1: Aluminium Stress-strain curve

As observed, Aluminium has high elastic modulus(41972MPa) and high yield stress(275.83MPa). This is due to the strong metallic bonds between the Al ions and the delocalized sea of electrons. As a result, higher amount of energy is required to stretch the aluminium to its yield point. Continuous and gradual transition from Elastic to plastic deformation

Absence of Luders Band Ductile_Graph similar to that of ductility

Brass
Stress (MPa)
700 Break 600

500

400

300 Greatest Slope

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload: Speed: Not Applicable 30.0 mm/min About 29.1 mm About 5.98 mm x 6.04 mm Load drops quickly

200

100

Gauge Length: Area: Break:

00

Sample Inf ormation

10

20

30

Percentage Strain

Figure 2: Brass Stress-strain curve

Carbon steel
Stress (MPa)

700

600

Greatest Slope

500

Break

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup

400

Preload: Speed:

Not Applicable 30.0 mm/min About 29.4 mm About 5.94 mm x 6.00 mm Load drops quickly

300

Gauge Length: Area:

200

Break: Sample Inf ormation

100

00

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Percentage Strain

Figure 3: Carbon steel Stress-strain curve

High Impact Polysterene - HIPS(Normal)

Stress (MPa)

Break 20

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload: Speed:

10

Not Applicable 10.0 mm/min About 60.0 mm About 3.15 mm x 13.3 mm Load drops quickly

Gauge Length: Area: Break: Sample Inf ormation

Greatest Slope

10

20

30

40

50

Percentage Strain

Figure 4: HIPS(Normal) Stress-strain curve

High Impact Polysterene -HIPS (slow)

Stress (MPa)
25.0

20.0

Break

15.0

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload:

10.0

Not Applicable 3.00 mm/min About 63.1 mm About 13.4 mm x 3.13 mm Load drops quickly

Speed: Gauge Length: Area:

5.0 Greatest Slope

Break: Sample Inf ormation

0.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Percentage Strain

Figure 5: HIPS (slow) Stress-strain curve

High Density Polyethylene -HDPE(Normal)

Stress (MPa)
25.0

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload: Speed: Not Applicable 100.0 mm/min About 60.0 mm About 3.05 mm x 13.0 mm Load drops quickly

20.0

Gauge Length: Area: Break:

15.0

Sample Inf ormation

10.0 Break 5.0 Greatest Slope

0.0

-10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

Percentage Strain

Figure 6: HDPE (Normal) Stress-Strain curve

High Density Polyethylene -HDPE(Slow)

Stress (MPa)
General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload:
20.0

Not Applicable 40.0 mm/min About 62.0 mm About 3.06 mm x 13.1 mm Load drops quickly

Speed: Gauge Length: Area:

15.0

Break: Sample Inf ormation

10.0

5.0 Break

0.0

Greatest Slope

00

100

200

300

Percentage Strain

Figure 7: HDPE(Slow) Stress-Strain Curve

General Purpose Polysterene -PS(Normal)

Stress (MPa)
50 Break Greatest Slope 40

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload: Speed: Not Applicable 10.0 mm/min About 64.1 mm About 3.10 mm x 13.4 mm Load drops quickly

30

Gauge Length: Area: Break:

20

Sample Inf ormation

10

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Percentage Strain

Figure 8: PS(Normal) Stress-strain curve

General Purpose Polysterene -PS(Slow)

Stress (MPa)
Break Greatest Slope

40

General Purpose Pull to Break Setup Preload:

30

Not Applicable 3.00 mm/min About 62.5 mm About 3.15 mm x 13.4 mm Load drops quickly

Speed: Gauge Length: Area:

20

Break: Sample Inf ormation

10

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Percentage Strain

Figure 9: PS(Slow) Stress-strain Curve