CONTENT

NO 1.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 4.0 5.0 TOPIC PAGES 2 7 11 13 15 21 30 32

Background of Company Simplified Balance Sheet and Income Statement Balance Sheet of Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut Main Principle Financial Ratio Characteristic of company Conclusion Reference Coursework

1.0 Introduction
Background of Dominos Pizza The international fast food pizza delivery corporation, Dominos Pizza, is a renowned and popular choice amongst people for relishing their favorite fast food, the Pizza. With its headquarters located just outside Ann Arbor, Michigan, US, the Dominos Pizza has interesting background. Today, this huge franchise has a profound global impact and has 8,000 corporate and franchise stores in more than 54 countries. In 2004, it was the second largest pizza chain in the United States when it went public for less than $15 a share. To know interesting information about the history and origin of Dominos Pizza, read the following lines. Interesting Information on the Background of Dominos Pizza It all started in the year 1960, when two brothers named Tom and James Monaghan bought a small pizzeria in Michigan by the name of Dominicks Pizza. They bought it for $500 and gave a down payment of $75. After 8 months, James quit and traded his shares with his brother for a second hand Volkswagen car. This led Tom to revitalize the image of the eating joint and name it Dominos Pizza. In the year 1968, a fire destroyed the companys headquarters. In the year 1975, another hindrance came in the form of a trademark-infringement lawsuit by Amstar, the maker of Domino sugar. Despite these obstacles, Dominos Pizza expanded as a brand and in 1978, the 200th Dominos Pizza franchise was opened. Before the end of the seventies, there were over 200 franchises of Dominos Pizza in US and it started to prepare to launch itself on an international scale. In the year 1983, Dominos Pizza opened its first international franchise at Winnipeg,

Manitoba, Canada. This was a major step in decentralizing its operations. By the end of 1983, it also opened another franchise at Brisbane, Australia. Yet another milestone in that year was the opening of the 1000th Dominos Pizza outlet. From here on, the number of Dominos Pizza franchises increased quickly all over the world. Despite international recognition, Dominos Pizza primarily remained as a traditional fast food joint. It had a very simple menu and only sold one type of pizza crust that was named the regular pizza. The pizza dough was shaped by tossing it in air and pulling it into shape. Only two sizes of the pizza dough existed before they added medium and extra large owing to growing competition. There was absolutely no concept of side dish and side others and the only beverage that was available with it was Coca Cola Classic. This traditional outlook of Dominos was changed in 1989, when the Deep Pan Pizza was introduced. The company was being forced to change according to the market demand. This in fact consolidated the financial base of the brand and also ensured further growth of Dominos Pizza as a brand. The move to change the menu and add items that was preferred by general public made it popular among many and that year, Dominos Pizza opened its 5000thstore. Till this time, Dominos rigorously marketed their brand and made it popular all over the world. In 1992, they introduced their first non-pizza item on the menu, which was breadsticks. Dominos was also the first brand to sell chicken wings as a side dish in the year 1994. It was around this time that Dominos also opened its franchise in Egypt, Africa. The Dominos Pizza website was launched in the year 1996 and the company reached total global sales of $3billion. They also brought about new innovations in the pizza industry that have now become the standard worldwide.

These include belt driven pizza oven, corrugated cardboard delivery boxes to retain heat while delivering and also the Heat Wave, which is a portable electric bag that keeps the pizza hot while being delivered. In the year 1997, the company developed their new logo and the image was brightened up. The same year, the brand opened seven outlets in one day, on five different continents. The most hectic pizza delivery day of the year in 2004 was recorded on the Super Bowl Sunday when over a million pizzas were sold, which increased their normal Sunday trading volume by a staggering 42%. Today, the company continues to grow exponentially and has over 8000 outlets worldwide.

Background of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut has subsequently branched out and developed franchises all over the world. In fact it is diversity that has made the history of pizza hut so successful. Their menus and recipes are not the same, different locations use different suppliers and different toppings, according to the demand of their clients. The building block of the history of pizza hut has been this diversity, not often present in such a large concern. The Commercial History of Pizza Hut The whole history of pizza hut has been achieved through innovation, but the history of pizza hut really took off with amalgamation into the Pepsi Company and more aggressive marketing techniques especially in the take out market. Not surprisingly over the years Pizza hut had to reinvent the pizza again and introduce a healthier style of pizza. Pizza in itself is not the unhealthiest meal, but it is laden with unnecessary calories and fats when cheese is added. Pizza hut was forced to add new taste combinations to their menus that offered a lower fat alternative. It is now possible to select between three to eight toppings depending on the prices you have paid. This lower fat alternative offers a leaner option of chicken or ham and between two and six fresh vegetables toppings. Pizza hut cannot be accused of not listening to their customers, when a Dallas survey declared that most people like to dip their slices of pizza into a sauce. Pizza hut quickly conducted their own survey online and then added dippers to their pizza menus. Fun Facts in Pizza Hut History

Pizza hut are the world's largest user of cheese, one of their secret recipes is the Insider pizza and that alone uses a pound of cheese. on each pizza. Over the

course of a summer it is estimated that Pizza hut uses a 100 million pounds of cheese. Pizza Hut uses more than 300 million pounds of cheese annually.

To make that amount of cheese requires 360 million gallons of milk. Pizza Hut purchases more than 3 percent of all cheese production in the United States , which requires a herd of about 170,000 dairy cows to produce it.

They also use 700.000.000 pounds of pepperoni and 525.000.000 pound of tomatoes in one year.

In 2010 Pizza hut history was made again, when they were the first national pizza franchise to allow their customers to order online in Spanish.

Ringo Starr (the drummer of the Beatles) played in a Pizza Hut commercial in 1995, together with The Monkees.

Gorbachev (the former president of the USSR) also played in a Pizza Hut commercial.

In 2001 Pizza Hut sponsored a pizza delivery to the international space station. One of the bad guys in the movie Spaceballs is called Pizza the Hutt. The oldest Pizza Hut that is still functional is in Wichita, Kansas.

2.0 Simplified Balance Sheet and Income Statement

Domino Pizza Income Sheet

Balance Sheet

Pizza Hut Income Statement

Balance Sheet

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2.2 Balance Sheet of Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut

Dominos Pizza Pizza Hut

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Income Sheet of Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut Dominos Pizza Pizza Hut

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2.3 Main Principle Financial Ratio

Financial ratios are derived from a company's financial statements and give an idea of the health of the company. According to Murray State University, financial ratios serve two main purposes. First, comparing the ratios over time gives you an idea of whether the company is growing or deteriorating financially. Secondly, financial ratios can be compared to standard ratios for that industry to determine how the company is functioning compared with other companies in that industry. Return Ratios Return ratios tell you the amount of return the company is seeing from sales and assets. Return on assets ratio is calculated by dividing income after taxes by total assets. This tells you how profitable the assets are for the company, but does not take debt into consideration. Return on equity is calculated by dividing income after taxes by total equity. This tells you how profitable the investments of shareholders is for the company. Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratios will tell you if the company has adequate cash flow to cover debts and bills. This ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. According to Murray State University, current assets and liabilities are those which will be converted into cash or paid off within one year. Debt Ratio Debt ratios tell you the amount of debt held by a company relative to the company's assets or equity. This information is commonly used by potential investors or lenders. The debt to equity ratio compares the total debt of the company to the assets of the company. The debt to equity ratio is similar to this and measures the amount of debt

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compared to the amount investors have put into the company. It is calculated by dividing the total debt or liabilities by the total equity of the shareholders. Turnover Ratio Inventory turnover ratio indicates how many times inventory is cycled through each year. It is calculated by dividing sales by inventory. For example, if the company's standard inventory is 10 units and they sell 100 units each year, the turnover ratio is 10. It is also sometimes calculated as cost of goods sold divided by average inventory for the previous year. This takes into consideration the cost of goods and income from sales rather than simplifying the ratio to units sold. Price to Earnings Ratio Price to earnings, or P/E, ratio determines the value of the share of stock of a company. It is calculated by dividing the price per share by the earnings per share. This number can be compared to the average P/E ratio to help determine if the stock is a good value. If the P/E ratio is higher than average, the stock is sold at a premium price. If it is lower than average, the stock is sold at a discounted price. Efficiency No two companies operate the same way. Using efficiency ratios helps identify companies that manage finances efficiently. The purpose of any company is to convert assets into sales. The asset turnover ratio (net sales divided by average total assets), will indicate how much of a company's assets have been sold. Other efficiency ratios include accounts receivable turnover, cash turnover and days payable outstanding.

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2.4 Characteristic of company

Characteristic of Dominos Pizza Domino's Pizza is one of the world's most recognized pizza companies. Domino's delivers pizza right to the door and offers a pick up at their store as well. Most major cities in the United States have a Domino's Pizza and the chain has expanded to over 8000 stores around the world. With a wealth of fresh ingredients and a variety of menu options---Domino's fulfills customer's cravings for Italian American foods. Domino's Facts While Domino's Pizza remains one of the top pizza chains in the United States---there are a few fun facts about the company as well. Superbowl Sunday remains the busiest day for the pizza giant. They typically deliver around 1.3 million pizzas to homes preparing to watch the big game. The three dots on the top of a Domino's pizza box represent the first three stores that the franchise opened. Domino's delivery people drive over 9 million miles each week to deliver hot and tasty pizzas. In the United States pizza, especially Domino's, is the fourth most craved food by Americans aside of cheese, ice cream and chocolate. Pizza Crust The pizza crust on a Domino's pizza is what sets them apart from their competitors. They offer four different crusts: hand tossed, thin, pan and Brooklyn. The hand tossed pizza crust is one of their most popular crusts. Hand tossed with a lumpy texture that is full of flavor bubbles and soft crust. The thin crust remains crispy yet crunchy and allows the pizza lover to enjoy more of the toppings and less crust. Pan pizza is a thick crust pizza baked in a rectangular pizza pan---the end result is a crisp texture that holds all of the

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ingredients safely in place. The Brooklyn pizza is meant to be similar to the traditional New York style pizza. This pizza crust is a big thin crust that is able to bend in half for maximum pizza penetration. Ingredients Domino's uses only the freshest ingredients on top of their pizza crusts. Some of their most popular pizza combinations are the Philly Cheese Steak Pizza, Buffalo Chicken Pizza. Ultimate Pepperoni Feast and the MeatZZa Feast. 100% pure mozzarella, feta and provolone cheeses are used on all pizzas. USDA pure beef is always utilized when making meat pizzas so they turn out with baked perfection! Fresh veggies such as green pepper, onions, mushrooms, peppers, spinach and tomatoes are the perfect toppings for specialty pizzas and subs. Other Menu Items Domino's is known for their big taste and their cheesy pizza, but they also have other tasty items on their menu as well. They have fresh baked subs that are made to order and enough to satisfy the hungriest appetite. Buffalo chicken wings and buffalo kickers are great snacks to order alongside of a pizza. Dipping sauces such as ranch and blue cheese are great ways to cool off a spicy tongue. Greek, garden and chicken Caesar salads are popular side dishes too. Domino's is well known for its breadsticks. Topped with cheese and garlic seasonings---no meal is complete without a breadstick and pizza combination.

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Characteristics of Pizza Hut Market segmentation of Pizza Hut is quite simple and easy to understand. Id like to discuss the market segmentation of pizza hut in headings of variables of it. Geographic Geographic segmentation of Pizza Hut is worldwide. Now Pizza Hut is serving more than 80 countries including Pakistan, UK, USA, Algeria, India, Russia, Cyprus, China, and Bangladesh etc But well talk about the Pizza Hut Pakistan. Pizza Hut Pakistans geographic segmentation is the developed cities. Pizza Hut is available in Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Multan, Peshawar, Sialkot, and Rawalpindi. We can observe that pizza hut is available on all provincial capitals of Pakistan. Demographic Pizza Huts general market segment is younger generation. But they go wide in this thing. They segment high incomes and business class families which can spend money on the best pizzas in the market. Pizza Huts global slogan is also describing its market segmentation that is Now its time to eat more. But in Pakistan, the slogan is Share the good times. Main age group is 12-30 years. Pizza Hut Pakistan offers Halal foods to all its customers. Psychographic Pizza Huts psychographic segmentation includes people with having good attitude about food sense especially pizza group and they want to have a good time with their friends and family as described in Pizza Hut Pakistan slogan. It serves all types of personalities as they dont have any product for specific personality.

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Behavioral Pizza Huts behavioral segment is the class where people love to spend money on eating. Thats why in Pakistan, Pizza Hut M.M Alam Road Lahore is the second largest outlet of the pizza hut outlets generating more than $150,000 a month. Target Marketing Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. They dont really straight market their customers. Middle and high class family background people are the target market of Pizza Hut. Like it has been discussed above about the people who are highly paid employees and good businessmen is the target market of Pizza Hut. But pizza hut focused a broad variety of customers. We can also say that Pizza Hut is targeting the generation X which is more active in spending money on non essential things like eating. Pizza Hut is also offering products for vegetarians. The company is offering meet free pizzas with salad and pasta so that people who dont want to eat meat could enjoy the quality and best food of Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut is also very good place for the students of colleges and universities. Many students arrange the treat parties in Pizza Hut that made Pizza Hut to earn more and more. Sometimes, it becomes hard to get a single seat in Pizza Hut due to all its good and attractive offers and marketing mix.

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Pizza Hut is targeting their customers by two types. Dine In

Take Away

Dine in is for those who love to have good times with their friends and age fellows and some families. Take away is for those who dont have reach to any Pizza Hut outlet and they want Pizza Hut products. They can give the order on phone and may have their pizza at their home within 30 minutes as per policy of Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut is also offering different kinds of meals to their customers. If anybody is not interested in Pizza Hut, Pizza Hut has targeted those customers too. It offers pastas, sandwiches and desserts to those kinds of people. People whore ill or not allowed to have pizzas, pastas can enjoy Pizza Huts meal deal with soup and salads. Pizza Hut also targets to executive class people for meetings and discussion by offering them its hot and cold deals. Pizza Hut also arranges tea parties to those

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customers according to their agenda and time. Basis Of Selecting Target Markets There are number of basis on which pizza hut selects those target markets for their business. Number one is that they want the people with a bit high income and food lovers. Who are ready to spend and enjoy the best food in best environment. There are not only Muslims in Pakistan but also some minorities that are living their lives. They want some vegetarian food and pizza hut is the only brand that offers some vegetarian stuff to their customers. Due to the image of brand, vegetarians trust pizza hut for best food in town. Visitors, who come to Pakistan, dont go back without paying visit to Pakistans food market. Pizza hut has also selected its target market on the basis of this thing so that it could provide the more and more to their customers and more than just food as the pizza hut Pakistan slogan is Share the good times. Pizza Hut has also selected its target market because of the X generation which is more active than the previous generation. X generation is more aware about the things as the time is going with new technologies in every sector. X generation wants the food which can fully satisfy their needs and hunger so that it could be the most memorable times for them. X generation especially in Lahore is more active in fast food as the time is so fast and they want quick meal on their tables. X generation is spending a lot in their food needs.

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3.0 Conclusion
Dominos Pizza As the pizza category shows its resilience and continues to pick up steam, there is little doubt that Dominos Pizza has had a heavy hand in igniting the industry-wide turnaround. The companys bold product revamping and hugely effective advertising platform has drawn the interest of the public and Wall Street alike, and the result has been a renewed enthusiasm in the world of pizza. Patrick Doyle, chief executive officer of the Ann Arbor, Michigan-based company, says that 2010 will go down in Dominos history as one of the most important years for the pizza brand. The company finished 2010 with a same-store sales increase of 9.9 percent for its U.S. units. International stores, meanwhile, enjoyed a 6.9-percent rise in comps. Sales totaled $6.7 billion. And those numbers were key drivers that led to Dominos being named Pizza Todays Chain of the Year in 2011. This marks the second consecutive time the company has won the award, and the third time overall (2003). The stellar financial performance, as Pizza Today reported in last years June issue, is a result of the companys willingness to examine its product line and make changes that resonate with American consumers. According to Doyle, the relationship with customers has been overwhelmingly positive since Dominos revamped its pizza recipe. Lynn Liddle, executive vice president of communications and investor relations, says

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the company has also seen renewed enthusiasm from franchisees. Our relationship with our franchisees, in general, has been pretty good over the years, she says. But I would say it is at a high point. The most important thing to the franchisees is that they are making money. And the franchisees, at least domestically, made more money this year than they did the year before. So the direction is going the right way. After impressing the foodservice sector with a 14.3 percent first-quarter jump in 2010 and 9.9 percent increase overall, one has to ask when things will slow down. Doyle believes Dominos is in position to continue capitalizing on opportunities that could result in increased market share in the future. He puts it in perspective like this: The fact is I just see huge opportunity for this business. This is a brand that, as much success as weve had, we only sell about one out of 10 pizzas in the U.S. While our delivery share is a lot higher, this is a really big category. Were selling 10 percent of those pizzas, so theres clearly a lot of room to grow. Considering that Dominos has nearly 5,000 stores operating in the United States, how many more markets can the company realistically expect to enter? While there are no markets that were not in at all, theres still a lot of room for growth. There are still 1,000 stores that we can build in the U.S. And, there are markets where we are very uncompetitive versus where we should be. We figure that we can deliver to about 65 percent of households in the U.S. today, says Doyle. There are some that we will never be able to deliver to because they are in towns that are simply too small, or theyre not even in a town, but that number could get to

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75 or 80 percent. So theres still absolutely room for growth in the U.S. Still, one might reason that Dominos has to slow down at some point. For his part, Doyle does not seem particularly concerned about that. Is it tough to roll over the kind of results we had in 2010? Sure, but our view is that well continue to grow from here, he reiterates. Ninety percent of the people out there who are going to order pizza tonight are going to order from someone other than Dominos, so I dont spend a whole lot of time worrying about where we can possibly find growth in the U.S. I think there are a lot of opportunities for us. Were in this for the long haul. As the overall pizza landscape continues to gain momentum, Doyle sees no reason to believe that Dominos wont benefit. Plus, the sky is the limit internationally, where the company has grown year-over-year for well over a decade and, even then, there are vast untapped markets. Its nice to see the category start to move again a little bit, says Doyle. We hope we helped that. We certainly brought a lot of attention to the category, and I think weve helped move some of it. We will have more retail sales outside of the United States than inside of the United States. Thats something that, as I look at the growth opportunities globally, the opportunities there are not going to run out in my lifetime. Its a big world out there and there are a lot of people who want to eat Dominos Pizza. Thats, in part, because the company provides a difficult-to-beat value proposition. The new pizza recipe rolled out last year has solidified that footing, claims Doyle. We built a new base of business with (the new pizza), Doyle says. We continue to see the repeat rates and frequency rates with our consumers that prove that were

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connecting with people, that they like this new pizza. I think the category is, in general and Dominos in particular, giving good value to consumers again. I think part of the reason we saw the category slow down over the past decade is I think our relative value got a little bit off. So as we see a category giving better value, I think we see the traffic improve across the category. Pre-recession, foodservice did not exactly drum up a lot of enthusiasm or respect from Wall Street. In 2010, that changed. Last year, the S&P 500 experienced a 12.8 percent improvement over 2009. By comparison, the S&P Restaurant Index was up 28.7 percent. As impressive as that may be, consider the performance of Dominos (DPZ), which registered a 90.3-percent gain. Is Dominos finally getting its full due on Wall Street, or is it still an uphill battle for foodservice? I dont think we get all the respect yet that we deserve, Liddle says. I think Wall Street needs to make sure that they understand the franchise model, and theyre starting to. There are a number of big companies that are primarily franchised IHOP, Applebees, us and I think theyre starting to recognize that companies like this can and should be run with leverage and that that actually makes them a more attractive investment. Theyre starting to recognize that. And you see our stock price has most definitely improved. So I think we actually are getting recognized as a really strong consumer brand, a global company and having the right capital structure. And I think that was the stopping point for us in the short term. But I think that has certainly begun to turn very nicely.

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As previously alluded, this kind of multi-faceted turnaround began with an honest evaluation of the companys menu items. Enter Brandon Solano, vice president of innovation for Dominos Pizza. Its his job to ensure the companys products are in line with consumer demands, and it is no coincidence that 80 percent of the companys menu offerings have turned over in the past two years since Solano took ownership of that part of the operation. I think one of the traps QSR restaurants fall into is selling things they want to sell instead of things consumers want to buy, says Solano. Theres more choice than ever out there, so you have to make sure youre selling things that people want to buy instead of just focusing on what you want to make. The process of revamping the pizza offerings has been well documented in the pages of Pizza Today, but Dominos did not stop with an overhaul of its core product. It has since moved on to improving and subsequently highlighting chicken in its national adveristing. It really came from our desire to improve, Solano says of the newest campaign focus. Chicken was one of the things that I first wanted to improve when I got here. I guess I wanted to improve everything. We started working on chicken in 2008. We didnt do a lot in the ad about Hey, it wasnt very good, and all that, because we didnt want to overdo that. But it was true. They werent very crispy and they didnt have enough breadth of appeal, so what we wanted to do was make it better. If it could be better, were going to make it better.

That is not always an easy sell to franchisees, whose efforts in the field can sometimes

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be disrupted by a new process or recipe. The old expectation was, Well do that if it doesnt cause any operational pain. Thats a terrible place to be. Youll never get anywhere doing that, says Solano. We were third in quality behind our two main competitors, so we had a lot of ground to make up. You cant do that by not doing anything new. Heres what I tell our operators: I promise to bring you operational complexity, but well make it worth it. What you cant do is operational complexity thats not worth it. If its ever not worth it, well pull it.

This story went to press days before Dominos announced its first quarter 2011 earnings, so executives were not able to comment yet on sales of the new and improved chicken offerings. However, spokesperson Chris Brandon said the company is pleased with the response it has received to the launch. Meanwhile, Solano was asked what other products may be coming down the pipeline as Dominos continues to reinvigorate its menu. Whats next thats not great? he asks in return. There are a few things on our menu still that were going to fix. According to Solano, the difficulty isnt in identifying which products to overhaul or add to the lineup but, rather, how to support them at the store level once they are implemented. You have to look at your menu differently, he says. Instead of saying they have to be x percent of the mix, you have to determine if they can be incremental and if you can keep them around. If you can keep them on hand and not have waste, and if theyre incremental, then I want to have them. If we end up in a situation where we have waste at the store level, then thats bad for everybody and I dont want to do it.

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When asked if the company would be eyeing desserts next, Solano responded by saying that we probably wouldnt run a whole window on desserts, but weve got some good ones. Dessert is a big part of the dining experience. I think there is an opportunity for plenty more. I think theres an opportunity for a whole portfolio of desserts. Regardless of what Dominos rolls out, it falls to Russell Weiner to make sure the company promotes it nationally with a message that is on target. Thus far the chief marketing officer, who joined Dominos in 2008, has had nothing but success witin the category. He has brought an analytical, methodical approach to the companys marketing and advertising. We do a lot of research here, he says. All the decisions we make are based on numbers. When we release an offer out there, we dont just think its going to do well we know its going to do well. Because we know our numbers are right, then we know we can spend more time in the ad on building the image. The numerous studies Dominos conducted before changing its pizza recipe left Weiner convinced that the research and development crew led by Solano had hit a home run. The initial ad Dominos used to announce the New & Inspired pizza registered off the charts in terms of its effectiveness with consumers. One might think this push came from an increase in ad spending, but Weiner says that was not the case. Our media budget last year was actually less than it was the year before, he says. Our media budget last year was less than Pizza Huts and Papa Johns. We didnt do it with more money, and I think that just shows the power of the message. The

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question now is whether the message Dominos has been pumping out were better than ever, come try us will run its course soon.

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Pizza Hut Pizza Hut is using the business intelligence system supplied by Cognos to provide store managers with immediate feedback on their branch's performance. The system is able to spot branches or product lines that are under-performing 12 hours earlier than the Microsoft Access database it replaces, allowing managers to monitor profits continually. The Pizza Hut system polls Compaq Unix servers in each store to gather a range of data, including product and labour costs and the quantity of toppings used on each pizza. A "traffic light" system alerts managers if sales of a particular pizza are under-performing, or if there are inconsistencies on the amount of topping on each pizza, by highlighting the data with an amber or red light. "If we could just knock 1% or 2% of the costs of the bottom-performing stores, it would make a big difference [to the whole business]," said David Wicks, IT director at Pizza Hut. "We have data in disparate locations and we spend a lot of time bringing it together. Cognos will allow us to bring it together much more easily and quickly," he said. The chain is planning to enhance the system, which is gradually being rolled out to branches, by installing a store-wide virtual private network. The network will allow Pizza Hut's IT department to update software in the branches automatically, and will give staff access to e-mail, Web connections and labour scheduling software through an in-house application service provider.

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4.0 References
1. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/23/Pizza-Hut-Inc.html http://www.recipepizza.com/the_history_of_pizza_hut.htm 2. http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bs?s=DPZ+Balance+Sheet&annual 3. http://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=DPZ+Income+Statement&annual 4. http://finance.yahoo.com/q/is?s=PZZI+Income+Statement&annual 5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/17408731/Marketing-Pizza-Hut 6. http://www.answers.com/topic/pizza-hut-inc 7. http://www.ehow.com/about_4811038_dominos-pizza.html 8. http://www.answers.com/topic/pizza-hut-inc#ixzz249eqRzGn 9. http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Database-software-boosts-Pizza-Huts-pe rformance 10. http://www.yum.com/investors/news/ir_111606.asp 11. Forest, Stephanie Anderson, "How Enrico Put the Spice Back in Pizza Hut," Business Week, March 11, 1996, p. 72. 12. Gumpert, David, How to Create a Successful Business Plan, Inc. Publishing, 1990. 13. Gumpert, David, The Pizza Hut Story, Wichita, Kansas: Pizza Hut, 1989. 14. Rudnitsky, Howard, "Leaner Cuisine," Forbes, March 27, 1995, pp. 43-44. 15. Sellers, Patricia, "Why Pepsi Needs to Become More Like Coke," Fortune, March 3, 1997, pp. 26-27.

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16. Forest, Stephanie Anderson, "How Enrico Put the Spice Back in Pizza Hut," Business Week, March 11, 1996, p. 72.Gumpert, David, How to Create a Successful Business Plan, Inc. Publishing, 1990.Gumpert, David, The Pizza Hut Story, Wichita, Kansas: Pizza Hut, 1989.Rudnitsky, Howard, "Leaner Cuisine," Forbes, March 27, 1995, pp. 43--44.Sellers, Patricia, "Why Pepsi Needs to Become More Like Coke," Fortune, March 3, 1997, pp. 26--27. 17. American Express Small Business Exchange. "Understanding Financial Ratios." New York: American Express Co., 1998. Available from www.americanexpress.com/smallbusiness/resources/managing/ratios.shtml . 18. Bangs, David H., Jr. Managing by the Numbers: Financial Essentials for the Growing Business. Dover, NH: Upstart, 1992. 19. Casteuble, Tracy. "Using Financial Ratios to Assess Performance." Association Management 49, no. 7 (July 1997): 29 + 20. Change, Lamont. "The Numbers Speak Volumes." Small Business Reports 19, no. 7 (July 1994): 39 + . 21. Fraser, Jill A. "How Often Should I Track Key Numbers?" Inc., June 1997, 104. 22. Gardiner, Marc, and Katherine Bagshaw. "Financial Ratios: Can You Trust Them?" Management Accounting, September 1997, 30. 23. Gill, James 0. Financial Basics of Small Business Success. Menlo Park, CA: Crisp Publications, 1994. 24. Jones, Allen N. "Financial Statements: When Properly Read, They Share a Wealth of Information." Memphis Business Journal, 5 February 1996, 42.

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25. Larkin, Howard. "How to Read a Financial Statement." American Medical News, 11 March 1996, 29 + . 26. Parrish, Deidra Ann. "Getting the Cash to Flow Your Way." Black Enterprise, July 1997, 80 + .

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