SMART CITIES

REPORT
Graz University of Technology

Institute of High Voltage Engineering and System Management Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Hans Michael Muhr Graz, 2012

Content

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Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Definition ............................................................................................................................... 5 Ecocity Logroo ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Situation ........................................................................................................................ 6 Project explanation ....................................................................................................... 6 Important point ............................................................................................................. 8 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 8

Ecocity Zaragora .................................................................................................................... 9 4.1 4.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 9 Project explanation ....................................................................................................... 9

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Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 14 List of references ................................................................................................................. 16 Internet Resources .............................................................................................................. 17

1 Introduction

Against the background of economic and technological changes caused by the globalization and the integration process, cities in Europe face the challenge of combining competitiveness and sustainable urban development simultaneously. Very evidently, this challenge is likely to have an impact on issues of Urban Quality such as housing, economy, culture, social and environmental conditions.

2 Definition

Smart cities can be identified along six main axes or dimensions. These axes are: a smart economy; smart mobility; a smart environment; smart people; smart living; and, finally, smart governance. These six axes connect with traditional regional and neoclassical theories of urban growth and development. In particular, the axes are based respectively on theories of regional competitiveness, transport

and ICT economics, natural resources, human and social capital, quality of life, and participation of citizens in the governance of cities.

Figure 1:The well performing in 6 characteristics.

A city can be defined as smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory.

3 Ecocity Logroo

3.1 Situation

The intervention is in Logroo, in the north of Spain. The architects of Smart city are MVRDV and the Spanish study.

3.2 Project explanation

The riojanos government try to create an Eco city in Logroo, it will has an area about 56 hectares and it will be located in the north of the city, at the small hill of Montecorvo y Fonsalada. Nowadays this area hasnt got anything relacionate with energy generation. This place will give to the neighborhood a high nice view over the city. All the energy needer for this project will be generate by solar and wind action.

Figure 2: The inventions place.

All of it will cost around 388 million.40 million will be invested in renewable energy technology. MVRDV won the competition in collaboration with the Spanish architecture office GRAS. The client is Logrooscity, the project will be developed by the Spanish companies LMB y Progea Group. The master plan is based on a compact linear design, which only covers 10% of the territory, respecting the environment. The 90 % will be destinated for parks and energy generation. It is expected around 3000 public housing, with commercial spaces, urban parks andequipment like school, social and sport buildings. The city will have a water recovery system. 6

The most important equipment will be the center of research a promotion renewable energy and energy efficiency. It will be hiding in the top of one hill; moreover it will generate a large space to look the environment and a museum space.As well it will be built a funicular to arrive to the museum and to the hidden space to look the environment.

Figure 3: The relation between people and building.

The houses are based on a curvilinear axis, which it hugs both of hill. All of houses will be oriented north-south, thanks of it; they will have an optimalnatural lighting and ventilation. All of building will have green.

1.- public green 2.-eco park 3.- public space 4.- general infrastructure 5.- building footprint 6.- bicycle and pedestrian route

Figure 4: Uses area.

The remaining landscape becomes a eco-park, a synopsis between park surfaces and energy production. As the streets are southoriented, the solar power is easily generated. In the south hill we can find all of relacionated with solar energy, in the top

of the hill there will be wind mills. It will work as a reference point for the development of the area.

Figure 5: Section and environment.

All these measure will allow that the new development can reach a CO2 neutral foot print and the highest energy efficiency of Spain. The project will have a pneumatic system waste collection and selective treatment of waste, pedestrian walkways, bicycle line, etc.

Figure 6:Different section.

3.3 Important point

But the most impressive is that all the energy required is generated by solar cells and wind turbines.

3.4 Objectives

Improve quality of life Recovery environment and degraded areas. Efficient use of resources. Decreased power consumption of the CO2 emission. Recycle and Reuse Promotion of clean or renewableenergy. Looking for the energy balance. Increase the number of public housing. 8

4 Ecocity Zaragora

4.1 Introduction

Zaragoza, a Spanish city of 674.725 inhabitants and which is developed around an important river called Ebro. Zaragoza applied to be a host city of the 2008 Water Expo. The Eco-City Valdespartera with 10,000 inhabitants was built as a pilot project for this EXPO. In 2001 a former military barracks site was rezoned for housing construction. EcociudadValdespartera was founded to implement projects with 80% support from the city and 20% from the federal government. Two banks which the city has shares in were also included in the process. Apartments were raised and sold as subsidized housing. Cooperation with various faculties of the University of Zaragoza was secured for the ecological concept. Valdespartera also participated in the EU programme Concerto and has been selected as a model project for the Sustainable Regions Programme, which is designed to collect data on ecological regions.

4.2 Project explanation

This is a project based on environmentalsustainability and with bioclimatic profit criteria that tries to satisfy the Kyotos protocol. The main objective was to get an optimal environmental conditions and not only an energetic save. The way is to plan the correct morphology and typology. The second objective was to build an urban community. They got it because of the increase of quantity and quality of urban space and equipment. The program have 243 Ha, where will be built 9687 housing buildings, most of them from official protection, 181.645 leisure construction, equipments and public services.

Figure 7: Picture left taken in 2003, right taken in 2007

Figure 8: Explanation plan

The housing building is orientated to South so that they can get more Solar energy. The hosing model consists in two parallel blocs of 12 meters of deepness. They lay from east to west and the distance between them is 30 m because its shadow doesnt bother the building in front of.

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The main housing is collective because its waste of energy is lower than a single family home. Also, its important to protect the housing from strong winds, they do this through wind screens. The use of vegetal surfaces in the streets and housing buildings create micro climes in some private spaces.

Figure 9: Urban Planing

The architectural design consists on flat roofs where can lay the solar system panels. The faades are treated in different ways depending on their orientation. In south faades there are glass galleries which collect the solar radiation. The constructive system must guarantee a high level of thermal insulation, surfaces with enough accumulative capacity and sustainable materials.

Figure 10: Architectonical design and Construction system

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The urban plan is organized between two big axes; the first one is a park avenue where free spaces grow up in an organic way. The second axis organizes in an orthogonal way the building planning. Finally, in the south there is a big park.

Figure 11: Road structure

Valdespartera has implemented integrated control network, an infrastructure that provides common data broadcasting facilities and controls all municipal networks and supply services companies that make up the project, and aims to manage and meet the ordinary consumption, incidents and eventualities that arise in such networks, all of them independently from municipal services. There shall be monitoring some homes to assess and monitor actual energy requirements applied to individual cases, achieving awareness and optimization of thermal management of each of the buildings. Additionally, this city has the first pneumatic waste collection that is installed in the autonomous community of Aragon. The implementation of this advanced system is the installation of an underground network of pipelines built to transport special organic waste and packaging.

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Figure 12: Pneumatic collection

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5 Conclusion

We propose other alternatives to improve the life quality in a smart city. For us, the excess renewable energy in the city is not a problem, but if a benefit. For that reason, we speak of Biogas. Biogas is produced as a result of the decomposition of organic material in a completely oxygen free (anaerobic) environment. The resulting product is called digestion residue or bio-manure. It is rich in plant nutrients and its high content of organic matter also makes it a valuable soil conditioner for soils of low humus content and poor structure. The biogas process has been used by mankind for more than 100 years and improvements are still being made. These efforts are now being intensied due to a ban on depositing organic material in landlls, which begins in Sweden in 2005. The biogas process is of great interest, since by controlling the natural process of biological decomposition, all the nutrients and energy originally present in the organic material are retained. The waste can therefore be considered as a resource, which after anaerobic treatment produces a nutrient-rich residue and renewable

environmentally-friendly energy. Nowadays, biogas emissions from existing landlls can also be collected and used.Biogas energy can also be produced from the anaerobic digestion of various crops. This may contribute in the future to increasing energy self-sufficiency and reducing our dependency on oil. The high content of methane in biogas makes it a valuable energy source. In this respect, biogas is similar to natural gas, and these fuels can be utilized in the same way. However, biogas must be upgraded, that is refined to remove carbon dioxide, to obtain the same quality as natural gas. When used directly for production of heat or electricity, the treatment of biogas is rather simple, and it is not necessary to remove carbon dioxide.

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Figure 13: Organic waste treatment

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6 List of references
Magazine: AV, Life architecture, , n 31, argument 8.

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7 Internet Resources

http://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/info/763189normalv.html http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/logrono-montecorvo/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOFPM5dnUnM http://www.smartcities.es/about/ http://sociedadinformacion.fundacion.telefonica.com/DYC/SHI_441-AFONDO-TIDSmart_cities/seccion=1188&idioma=es_ES&id=2011050916510001&activo=4.do http://www.smart-cities.eu http://www.bestpractices.at http://www.valdespartera.org http://spanish.alibaba.com/product-gs/puxin-septic-tank-biogas-power-plant-system553331224.html http://www.ormi.com/r_files/59-BIOGAS_PDF_Eng.pdf

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