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NorthSide: Crime
Summary The St. Louis Metropolitan Police Districts that encompass the NorthSide area, Districts 4 and 5, have experienced signi>icantly greater crime rates on every major crime indicator than either the City of St. Louis or the state of Missouri over the past four decades. The area especially suffers from a high rate of person crimes; between 2001 and 2010, the total person crime rate was 63% higher than the citys rate and 8X greater than Missouris rate. All of this crime translates into higher state prison spending attributable to the NorthSide area of the city. While the area accounts for less than 0.25% of the states population, it is responsible for more than 1% of the states corrections spending. The amount of prison spending attributable to the area is nearly twice as much on a per capita basis as St. Louis City and nearly 5X the amount of the St. Louis metropolitan area. Crime in the NorthSide area also results in signi>icantly more per capita state judicial spending than the other areas of comparison. In its beginnings, St. Louis was a very happy and peaceful city. This was evident by the fact that there was not a single conviction for murder during the >irst half century of its settlement, and half the houses of the inhabitants had no locks in them or on them (Shepard, 43). This fact has changed considerably since the citys peaceful times in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. There is a report that comes out each year that ranks cities according to the prevalence of crime. St. Louis often appears either at the top or near the top of the list.1 Missouri Wonk gathered data from 1970 to 2010 for the state of Missouri, St. Louis City, and the two police districts that primarily encompass the NorthSide area,2 Districts 4 and 5 ,3,4 for each of the index crimes listed in the Index Crimes box on the next page. Missouri Wonk also used historic census data5 to approximate the crime rate for each of the types of crimes for the time period 1970-2010. The population estimates and crime rates are based on the population >igures contained in

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Table 1: Demographic Indicators Index Crimes

Murders and Non-Negligent Manslaughter Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Person Crime (Total from >irst 4 categories) Burglary and Breaking and Entering Larceny (Theft over $50) Auto Theft 4 (Total from second 3 categories) Total Property Crimes Total Index Crimes (Total Person Crime + Total Property Crime) Table 1 for Districts 4 and 5 combined and St. Louis City as a whole. To estimate the population for each year in between each decade, Missouri Wonk apportioned the decline in population evenly across each year. For each analysis, Missouri Wonk used the rate of the particular crime, which is the number of crimes per every 100,000 people.

Table 1: Population Estimates

Year 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Sources: Districts 4 and 5 (combined) 108,625 60,482 50,985 38,607 35,175 St. Louis City 622,236 452,801 396,685 348,189 319,294

United States Bureau of the Census, Table 46: 593-595 Neighborhood Change Database by Geolytics Inc. American Community Survey 2010

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Murders and Non-Negligent Manslaughters

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 6 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The graph above shows that the murder and non-negligent manslaughter rate of police districts 4 and 5, the two districts that primarily encompass the NorthSide area, has been higher than St. Louis Citys or Missouris rate and has somewhat tracked the trend of St. Louis City. However, there has been a recent spike in the District 4 and 5 rate between 2005 and 2010, which has departed from the trend of St. Louis City. Missouris murder and non-negligent manslaughter rate has held relatively steady over the forty year period. Over the 1970-2010 timeframe, Districts 4 and 5s rate has been about 71% higher than the citys rate and 9X Missouris rate; between 2001 and 2010, the districts rate was 83% higher than the citys rate and more than 11X Missouris rate.

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Forcible Rapes

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The rate of forcible rapes in Districts 4 and 5 has mostly tracked with St. Louis City over the past four decades, although generally, it has been higher. From the graph above, there were only four times when the forcible rape rate of St. Louis City exceeded that of Districts 4 and 5: 1970, the mid-1970s, 1981, and 2003. Most recently, there was a spike in the number of these crimes in the mid-2000s; however, this trend has started to decrease in both areas in 2008. The rate of forcible rapes in Missouri has comparatively been steady over that timeframe, and much lower than either area for all but one year, 2003. From 1970 to 2010, the districts rate of forcible rape, on average, was about 36% higher than the citys rate and 3.5X Missouris rate; between 2001 and 2010, the districts rate was 46% higher than the citys rate and 3.5X Missouris rate.

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Robberies

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The rate of robbery in Districts 4 and 5 has been higher than in St. Louis City over the past four decades, sometimes doubling the citys rate. The graph above shows how District 4 and 5s trend has largely mimicked the citys, but has alway been higher. In contrast, Missouris robbery rate has been steady but much lower than Districts 4 and 5 or St. Louis City. From 1970 to 2010, the districts rate was, on average, almost 53% higher than the citys rate and 9X Missouris rate; between 2001 and 2010, their rate was 59% higher than the citys and almost 11X Missouris rate.

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Aggravated Assaults

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm While always greater than St. Louis City, the rate of aggravated assaults in Districts 4 and 5 grew at a faster rate in the mid-1970s and has been considerably higher since. From 1970 to 2010, on average, the districts rate was 48% greater than the citys and 5.6X the aggravated assault rate of Missouri. Between 2001 and 2010, their rate was, on average, 60% higher than the citys and 6X Missouris rate.

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Total Person Crimes

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The total number of person crimes is a combination of murders and non-negligent manslaughters, forcible rapes, robberies and aggravated assaults; as there are far more robberies and aggravated assaults, those crimes in>luence this rate considerably more. The rate of total person crimes in Districts 4 and 5 has, on average, been 51% higher than the citys rate and nearly 7X the rate of Missouri over the past four decades. Between 2001 and 2010, the total person crime rate in Districts 4 and 5 was, on average, 63% greater than the citys and more than 8X the rate of Missouri.

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Burglary and Breaking & Entering

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The rate of burglary and breaking and entering in Districts 4 and 5 spiked in the late 1970s and early 1980s and then again in the early 1990s, but otherwise has closely tracked St. Louis Citys rate. The districts rate has always been higher than Missouris rate over the four decade timeframe. From 1970 to 2010, the rate of Districts 4 and 5 was, on average, 13.5% greater than the citys rate and more than 3X Missouris rate; between 2001-2010, their rate was, on average, 98% of the citys rate but still about 2.9X Missouris rate.

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Larceny

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The statistics in the early 1970s are skewed for Districts 4 and 5 and St. Louis City because the U.S Department of Justice standardized crime reporting in cities in 1973, hence the sharp increase in 1973 for both areas. The rate of larceny in Districts 4 and 5 has been consistently higher than both the city and Missouri except for a brief time in the early 2000s when their rate dipped below the citys. Between 1973 and 2010, Districts 4 and 5s rate was, on average, 49% higher than the citys and 3.4X Missouris rate; from 2001 to 2010, their rate was, on average, 63% higher than the citys and 4X Missouris rate.

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Auto Theft

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The rate of auto theft in Districts 4 and 5 and closely tracked the citys over the past four decades; it has consistently been higher than Missouris rate over that timeframe. From 1970 to 2010, the auto theft rate in Districts 4 and 5, on average, was 24% higher than the citys rate and 5.5X higher than Missouris rate. Between 2001 and 2010, their rate was, on average, 41% higher than the citys and 7.6X Missouris rate.

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Total Property Crime

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm The total property crime in an area is made up of burglary and breaking and entering, larceny and auto thefts; the indicator usually includes arson as well, but for purposes of this analysis, cases of arson were excluded for the three areas. From 1973 to 2010, the property crime rate of Districts 4 and 5 was, on average, 40% higher than the citys rate and 3.7X Missouris rate. Between 2001 and 2010, the rate was 49% higher than the citys rate and 4.2X Missouris rate.

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Total Crime

Sources: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Annual Reports, 1970-1989 Crime statistics information requested from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1990-2010 U.S Decennial Censuses 1970, 1980, 1990, & 2000 American Community Survey 2010 Information relating to Missouri crimes was gathered from http://www.disastercenter.com/ crime/mocrimn.htm Total crime consists of the total amount of person crimes and property crimes; for purposes of this analysis, arson is excluded from property crimes for the three areas; because there are more property crimes than person crimes, the rate is more heavily in>luenced by property crimes. The rate of total index crime in Districts 4 and 5 has consistently been higher than either the city or Missouri. From 1973 to 2010, the rate of total crime in Districts 4 and 5 was, on average 40% higher than the citys rate and 4X Missouris rate. Between 2001 and 2010, their rate was, on average, 47% higher than the citys rate and 4.6X Missouris rate.

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Missouri Corrections Spending

These crimes have consequences, especially for the states budget, as Missouri has to pay to house the criminals convicted of the offenses listed above as well as other offenses and also pay for supervision of those sentenced to probation or parole. The availability of data regarding the amount of prison spending attributable to crimes committed in a speci>ic area is not readily available. To make projections regarding the amount of prison spending attributable to the NorthSide area of St. Louis, Missouri Wonk had to rely on a variety of sources of information including Missouri Department of Corrections Annual Reports Relating to the Offender Population, and St. Louis City crime statistics reported by neighborhood. Generally, there are two types of Department of Corrections expenditures: incarceration expenditures (those associated with housing prison inmates) and supervision expenditures (those associated with probation and parole costs). In >iscal year 2010, the annual cost of incarcerating a prisoner was $16,308 (Eddy). Additionally, the costs of supervising a prisoner amount to $1,431 (SB 320 Fiscal Note 2011). These costs will be used to calculate the amount of prison spending attributable to an area.2 First Missouri Wonk gathered the total amount of prisoners from St. Louis City, the number of offenders that are on probation, and the number of offenders who are on parole. According to the 2010 Department of Corrections document, A Pro>ile of the Institutional and Supervised Offender Population on June 30 2010, St. Louis City was responsible for sentencing 4,521 prisoners in Missouri prisons, 4,623 offenders on probation, and 1,978 offenders on probation (16, 79, 80). Missouri Wonk also gathered information on the crimes for which prisoners were sentenced in Missouri; these crimes are contained in Table 2. Missouri Wonk assumes that criminal offenses of the offender population in St. Louis is similar to the criminal offenses of the offender population in Missouri. Next, Missouri Wonk gathered information on crimes committed in the neighborhoods either partially or wholly located in the NorthSide area of St. Louis; Missouri Wonk assumes that the number and types of crimes of the NorthSide neighborhoods relative to the City of St. Louis serves as a reasonable Neighborhoods Either Partially or Wholly within the NorthSide Area Downtown West Jeff-Vander-Lou St. Louis Place Carr Square Columbus Square Old North St. Louis Near North Riverfront Hyde Park

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Table 2: 2010 Prison, Probation, and Parole Crimes

Type of Crime Person Property Drugs DWI Other Prison 53.6% 20.7% 17.8% 4.2% 3.7% Probation 14.5% 30.25% 34.25% 7.9% 13.1% Parole 24% 31.9% 33.1% 4.3% 6.7%

Source: Missouri Department of Corrections, 2010 Annual Report Types of Crimes According to the Missouri Department of Corrections 2010 Annual Report, the types of crimes below include the following offenses: Person Murder, Rape, Robbery, Assault, Sexual Assault, Child Molestation, Elder Abuse, and Arson 1 Property Burglary, Stealing, Forgery, Arson 2 Drugs Possession, Sales, Manufacture, Traf>icking DWI Other Weapons, Public Order Offenses, Non-Support proxy to determine the number of the citys prisoners and supervised offenders that are attributable to the NorthSide neighborhoods. After totaling the number and types of crimes in the NorthSide neighborhoods as well as in St. Louis City, Missouri Wonk determined the percentage of each type of crime in St. Louis City listed in Table 2 that is attributable to the neighborhoods. These percentages are contained in Table 3. After determining the number of crimes of the offender population as well as the number and types of crimes of the NorthSide neighborhoods and St. Louis City, Missouri Wonk applied the Missouri crime type percentages contained in Table 2 to the offender population of St. Louis City. Next, Missouri Wonk applied the St. Louis City crimes committed in the NorthSide area to the offender population as well to get an estimate of the number of offenders attributable to the NorthSide area by the type of crime; the results from these applications are contained in Table 4.

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Table 3: Percentage of St. Louis Crimes Committed in the NorthSide Area by Type of Crime
Percentage of St. Louis Crimes Attributable to the NorthSide Neighborhoods 12.9% 10.0% 15.0% 6.9% 11.1%

Type of Crime

Person Property Drugs DWI Other

Source: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department, Crimes 2006-2010 Using the estimates for the number of St. Louis City prisoners, offenders on probation, and offenders on parole that are attributable to the NorthSide neighborhoods that are contained in Table 4, Missouri Wonk can determine the amount of Missouri corrections spending attributable to the NorthSide area. Earlier, Missouri Wonk indicated that spending on each

prisoner amounted to $16,308 per year while spending on each supervised offender amounted to $1,431 per year. However, before Missouri Wonk estimates the amount of prison spending attributable to the NorthSide area, one more adjustment must be made. The population of the area of analysis is 14,821 while the population of the neighborhoods located wholly or partially in the NorthSide area is 22,216, according to the 2010 census. As a result, Missouri Wonk estimates that the amount of prison spending attributable to the NorthSide area is 66.7% of the amount of prison spending attributable to the neighborhoods wholly or partially in the NorthSide area. Using the >igures provided in Table 4, this amounts to a total of 579 prisoners and $9,442,332 in total prison spending and a supervised population of 799 and $1,143,369 in spending on offender supervision; this comes to a total of $10,585,701 that is attributable to the

Table 4: Estimated Criminal Offenders of St. Louis City and NorthSide by Type of Crime
Type of Crime Person Property Drugs DWI Other Total Prison Probation Parole Prison Probation Parole NorthSide NorthSide NorthSide St. Louis City St. Louis City St. Louis City Nbhds Nbhds Nbhds 2,424 312 671 86 475 61 936 94 1,398 140 631 63 807 121 1,583 238 655 98 188 13 364 25 84 6 166 18 607 67 133 15 4,521 558 4,623 556 1,978 243

Sources: Data from Tables 2 & 3 and Missouri DOC 2010 Offender Population Pro>ile

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Table 5: Corrections Spending

Area NorthSide STL City STL Metro Missouri Prison Population 372 4,521 9,751 30,327 Prison Spending $6,066,576 $73,728,468 $159,019,308 $494,572,716 Supervised Offender Population 533 6,601 22,422 73,683 Supervised Offender Spending $762,723 $9,446,031 Total Spending $6,829,299 $83,174,499

$32,085,882 $191,105,190 $105,440,373 $600,013,089

Notes: Assumes $16,308 in spending per prisoner and $1,431 in spending per supervised offender. Information for Franklin County parole numbers were unavailable, so Missouri Wonk extrapolated the STL Metro Supervised Offender Population >igure based on information available for the other four counties and Franklin Countys 2010 population. Source: Missouri Department of Corrections, A Pro>ile of the Institutional and Supervised Offender Population on June 30 2010, NorthSide neighborhoods wholly or partially in the NorthSide area of St. Louis in 2010. After applying the population adjustment, this comes to an estimated 372 prisoners and $6,066,576 in Missouri prison spending and 533 supervised offenders and $762,723 in supervision spending attributable to the NorthSide area in 2010, for a total of $6,829,299. Missouri Wonk can also use the data contained in the Missouri Department of Corrections Offender Pro>ile Report to compare the NorthSides amount of prison and offender supervision spending to the areas of St. Louis City, the St. Louis metropolitan area 7, and Missouri. These >igures are contained in Tables 5 and 6. The information in Table 6 is also represented in a visual format in Chart 1.

Table 6: Corrections Spending Per Capita

Area NorthSide STL City STL Metro Missouri Corrections Spending $6,829,299 $83,174,499 $191,105,190 $600,013,089 Population 14,821 319,156 2,000,231 5,996,231 Corrections Spending Per Capita $461 $261 $96 $100

Sources: Data from Table 5 and Missouri DOC 2011 Offender Population Pro>ile for population estimates

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Graph 1: Corrections Spending Per Capita

$500.00$$ $450.00$$ $400.00$$ $350.00$$ $300.00$$ $250.00$$ $200.00$$ $150.00$$ $100.00$$ $50.00$$ $0.00$$ NorthSide$ STL$City$ STL$Metro$ Missouri$

The amount of state corrections spending attributable to the NorthSide area is nearly twice as much, on a per capita basis, as the corrections spending attributable to St. Louis City and nearly 5X as much as the corrections

spending attributable to either the St. Louis metropolitan area or Missouri.

Missouri Judicial and Legal Spending

Before criminals are either supervised or incarcerated they must venture through Missouris judicial and legal system. Some receive assistance from public defenders and all are subject to both prosecution and court procedures. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics collects data on justice expenditures of state and local governments. The 2009 data, the latest year data is available, reports that Missouri state government expended $245,460,000 on the judicial and legal processes; this amount includes all judicial and legal expenses. In determining the amount of state judicial and legal expenses attributable to a speci>ic geographic area, Missouri Wonk referred to other studies that have attempted to answer the same question. The most notable recent study is a 2010 analysis entitled, The Cost of Crime to Society: New Crime-Speci>ic Estimates for Policy and Program

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Judicial and Legal Cost Per Arrest 2009 Estimate of Missouri Judicial and Legal Expenses: $245,460,000 2010 Number of Arrests in Missouri: 375,160 Judicial and Legal Expense per Arrest: $654* *Assumes 2009 Expense = 2010 Expense Evaluation. In the article, the authors assigned an average judicial and legal cost for the typical case across all categories of crimes according to the number of arrests. Missouri Wonk gathered information on the number of arrests for St. Louis City, the St. Louis metropolitan area, and Missouri. Speci>ic arrest data was not available for the NorthSide area; as a result, Missouri Wonk estimated the number of arrests in the NorthSide area according to the percentage of crime in St. Louis City attributable to the NorthSide neighborhoods, a similar estimate procedure for determining corrections costs attributable to the NorthSide area used

Table 7: 2010 Number of Arrests

Area NorthSide STL City STL Metro Missouri Number of Arrests 2,407* 30,306 157,354 375,160

Source: Crime in Missouri 2010, Missouri State Highway Patrol *Missouri Wonk Estimate earlier in this analysis, except the scope of the estimate was limited to just 2010. Again, the percentage was adjusted to account for the population difference between the NorthSide area and the total population of NorthSide neighborhoods. This results in the number of arrests contained in Table 7 for each geographic area. Table 8 provides the total state judicial and legal costs for all arrests as well as the per capita judicial and legal costs per geographic area. The per capita judicial and legal costs are presented in Graph 2 as well.

Table 8: Total and Per Capita Judicial and Legal Costs

Area NorthSide STL City STL Metro Missouri Number of Arrests 2,407 30,306 157,354 375,160 Total State Judicial and Legal Costs $1,574,178 $19,820,124 $102,909,516 $245,354,640 Population 14,821 319,156 2,000,231 5,996,231 State Judicial and Legal Costs per Capita $106 $62 $51 $41

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Graph 2: Judicial and Legal Spending Per Capita

$120# $100# $80# $60# $40# $20# $0# NorthSide# STL#City# STL#Metro# Missouri#

Summary
The St. Louis Metropolitan Police Districts that encompass the NorthSide area, Districts 4 and 5, have experienced signi>icantly greater crime rates on every major crime indicator than either the City of St. Louis or the state of Missouri over the past four decades. The area especially suffers from a high rate of person crimes; between 2001 and 2010, the total person crime rate was 63% higher than the citys rate and 8X greater than Missouris rate. All of this crime translates into higher state prison spending attributable to the NorthSide area of the city. While the area accounts for less than 0.25% of the states population, it is responsible for more than 1% of the states prison spending. The amount of prison spending attributable to the area is nearly twice as much on a per capita basis as St. Louis City and nearly 5X the amount of the St. Louis metropolitan area. Crime in the NorthSide area also results in signi>icantly more per capita state judicial spending than the other areas of comparison.

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About the Data

Missouri Wonk relied on several documents to compile the crime data. The nine police districts have maintained their borders, for the most part, since 1961. There was a small change in 2003 in which the southern boundary of districts 4 and 9 and consequently the northern boundary of district 3 was moved from Chouteau to I-44 and following I-55 to the Poplar Street Bridge 8. To gather the historical data, Missouri Wonk visited the St. Louis County Library Headquarters where their special collections division maintains micro>iche of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Reports dating back to the mid-1800s. However, since the boundaries changed signi>icantly in 1961, Missouri Wonk only used data after that year, speci>ically after 1970, to provide a fair comparison. For each report available, Missouri Wonk copied a page in the report, which lists summary crime information for the nine police districts. This information was available for years 1970 to 1988. Year 1989 information was obtained via e-mail from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Library. Unfortunately only person crime and property crime totals by district were available for years 1985-1989; as a result, there is a gap in time in the individual crime charts where 1985-1989 data is missing. Missouri Wonk inquired the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department about this issue and the department explained that more speci>ic data was unavailable. The 1990-1993 data was also obtained from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department, but was summarized and available in more detail; it was broken down by neighborhood as well as by police district. The 1994-2010 data was available down to the individual crime level and even included what district, neighborhood, and street location of where the crime was committed. However, summary information was not available by district for years 1994-2008; as a result, Missouri Wonk tabulated the crimes for districts 4 and 5 so that these years could be incorporated into the trend graphs. Summary information was available for the whole city per a PDF document provided by the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department for years 1994-2008. Summary information by district and city was available via a PDF document for years 2009-2010. To estimate the population of districts 4 and 5 (combined) for each decade, Missouri Wonk used the Neighborhood Change Database by incorporating the census tracts that encompass the area. The census tracts used do not exactly match the boundaries of the police districts but rather they incorporate all of the census tracts that are completely within the districts as well as the districts where most of the land area is within the boundaries. It is intended to provide a rough approximation of the population of the area, not an exact count. The census tracts include: 1097, 1105, 1104, 1114, 1115, 1257, 1267, 1266, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1232, 1234, 1235, 1221,

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1222, 1224, 1212, and 1213 from the 2000 census 9 and census tracts 1097, 1105, 1104, 1115, 1212, 1202, 1267, 1266, 1275, 1257, 1256, 1255, 1275, 1274, and 1232 from the 2010 American Community Survey. Below is a map of the nine police districts of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. 10

Figure 1: St. Louis Metropolitan Police Districts

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Data, Sources, and Area

The area of focus in the analysis relating to corrections and judicial and legal spending is the geographic region encompassed by census tracts census tracts 1115, 1202, 1212, 1257, 1266, 1271, and 1275 of the 2010 census. The area is shown in Figure 2 and in context of St. Louis City in Figure 3.

Figure 2: NorthSide Area 2010 Census Tracts

1202

1115

1271 1266

1212

1275

1257

Source: Map produced with Geolytics software, ACS 2006-2010 Interface. Note: Numbers above denote census tract numbers used by United States Bureau of the Census.

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Figure 3: NorthSide Area in Context of St. Louis City

Source: Map produced with Geolytics software, ACS 2006-2010 Interface. Note: The area shown highlighted in red stripes designates the NorthSide Area.

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Notes
1Although St. Louis does appear at or near the top of the list, this may be a result of the how

cities report crimes. Larcenies can be reported in different ways with the number reported based on the theft of property exceeding some type of threshold ($50, $1,000, etc.). Estimation methods used by police to judge of the value of property stolen can also be a factor in how cities track and report crimes. 2 For more information on exactly how the information was gathered, please refer to the About the Data section of this analysis. 3 A current map of the nine police districts of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department is included in the About the Data section of this analysis. 4 While these districts certainly encompass much more of the St. Louis population than the NorthSide area, it is the only available information for analyzing a speci>ic area of the City for data prior to 1990. 5 Please refer to the About the Data section to learn more about how Missouri Wonk estimated the population of districts four and >ive for each decade. 6 As noted in the About the Data section, there is a gap of time, 1985-1989, where information at the district level is unavailable, hence the gap in the District 4 and 5 line on the graph. 7 The St. Louis metropolitan area includes Franklin County, Jefferson County, St. Charles County, St. Louis County, and St. Louis City. 8 This quote was pulled from e-mail between Missouri Wonk and a representative of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. 9 Also used to estimate population for 1970, 1980, and 1990. 10 Obtained from the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department website, http://www.slmpd.org/ your_info.html.

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References
Disastercenter.com. Missouri Crime Rates 1960-2011. Retrieved from the world wide web on November 27, 2012 from http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/mocrimn.htm. Eddy, Joseph (Missouri Department of Corrections Budget Director). Testimony before the Missouri General Assembly Joint Committee on Sentencing and Corrections. Obtained from the world wide web on November 27, 2012 from http:// www.missourinet.com/2011/01/16/the-cost-of-an-inmate-audio/. McCollister, Kathryn E., Michael T. French, and Hai Fang. The Cost of Crime to Society: New Crime-Speci>ic Estimates for Policy and Program Estimation. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 April 1; 108(1-2): 98-109. Missouri Department of Corrections. 2010 Annual Report. 2010. Missouri Department of Corrections. A Pro>ile of the Institutional and Supervised Offender Population on June 30 2010. 2010. Missouri Department of Corrections. A Pro>ile of the Institutional and Supervised Offender Population on June 30 2011. 2011. Missouri Senate Bill 320. Fiscal Note, Senate Substitute- Truly Agreed To and Finally Passed. 96th General Assembly, First Regular Session. 2011. Missouri State Highway Patrol. Crime in Missouri 2010. St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. Annual Reports 1970-1989. St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. Crime Statistics. 1990-2010. U.S Bureau of the Census. 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Census information gathered using the Neighborhood Change Database. 1970-2000 information gathered from Geolytics, Inc. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1990 Census of Population and Housing. U.S Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics Administration. 1993.

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U. S. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey. Data analyzed through the use of Geolytics, Inc. software: ACS 2006-2010 Interface. Decennial Census 2010. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Table 3. Percent distribution of expenditure for the justice system by type of government, >iscal year 2009 (preliminary). 2012.

ABOUT MISSOURI WONK

Missouri Wonk is a rm founded by Brian Schmidt that performs policy analysis services for businesses, trade associations non-prots, campaigns, and government entities.

ABOUT BRIAN SCHMIDT

Brian Schmidt served as the Executive Director of the Missouri General Assemblys Joint Committee on Tax Policy from 2005 through 2011. He received a Bachelor of Political Science degree at Truman State University and a Master of Public Affairs- Public Policy degree at the University of MissouriColumbia.

www.mowonk.com

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