Organizational Behavior Based on the BeliefBehavior is not Random BeliefBehavior HOW INSTITUTIONAL PRACTICES GET ESTABLISHED ?

Have you any idea !!! Case Study: Seven monkeys in a room: Middle of room is a ladder, leading to a bunch of hanging bananas. Each time a monkey tries to climb the ladder, all the monkeys are sprayed with ice water, which makes them miserable. Sooner enough, whenever a monkey attempts to climb the ladder, all of the other monkeys, not wanting to be sprayed, beat him up. Soon, none of the seven monkeys ever attempts to climb the ladder. A monkeys is replaced with new one. Seeing the bananas & ladder, he wonders why none of the other monkeys are doing the obvious, but undaunted, he immediately begins to climb the ladder. All the other monkeys fall upon him and beat him silly. He has no idea, why? However, he no longer attempts to climb the ladder. Another original monkey is replaced. The newcomer attempts to climb the ladder & .? The previous new monkey participates in the beating, grateful that this time, he's not on the receiving end. However, he has no idea, why? he's attacking the new monkey. One by one, all the original monkeys are replaced. Seven new monkeys!!! None of them have ever been sprayed by ice water. None of them attempt to climb the ladder. All of them will enthusiastically beat up any new monkey who tries! Without having any idea, why? "AND THAT'S HOW COMPANY PRACTICES GET ESTABLISHED". Definition OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within org for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an orgs effectiveness. It is concerned with the study of what people do in an org & how that behavior affects the performance of the org.

OB is concerned specifically with employment-related situations such as jobs, work, absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, human performance and management.

Intuition replaced with Systematic Study We watch actions of others and attempt to interpret them by explaining ourselves why they have engaged in such behavior. We attempt to predict what they might possibly do under different sets of conditions & casual / commons sense approach leads to erroneous predictions. So predictive ability can be improved by replacing the intuitive opinions with more systematic approach (using important facts & relationships). Behavior is predictable if we know how the other person perceived the particular situation & what is important to him/her. Observer may think ones behavior as irrational because he/she does not have the access to same information or cant perceive the environment in the same way as the observed person. Systematic study Differences exist among & b/w individuals. People dont exactly act alike if placed in an identical situationsdifferent people behave variably. Certain fundamental consistencies can be underlying the behavior of individuals can be identified and modified to reflect their differences. These fundamental consistencies allow predictability e.g. about driving behavior, about fear, threat or jubilant situations etc. Although not 100% accurate, but it is possible to predict behavior in supermarkets, elevators, walking on roads, classrooms, doctors office, fuel stations, during rush hours, etc. So behavior is predictable generally and systematic study of behavior is a way / mean for making reasonably accurate predictions.

OBManagerial Agendas Very few and simple principles to explain very complex human beings. Because Human are not alike so our ability to make simple, accurate, & sweeping generalizations is very limited. Two people often act very differently in same situation, and the same persons behavior changes in different situations, e.g. not everyone is motivated by money, position, status or looks. 2ndly we behave differently when we are in a gathering of our elders or out seniors but differently if we are among our friends, age mates or class fellows. OB concepts must reflect situational or contingency conditions: conditions: e.g. x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z (contg. Var.). OB scholars avoid stating that effective leaders should always seek ideas of their followers before decision

making. Rather its like that in some situations participative style is clearly superior, but in others, autocratic DM style is more effective. So the effectiveness of a particular Leadership style is contingent on the situation in which it is used. Contemporary Mgmt Concerns Dramatic changes taking place in organizational settings pose some challenges, threats and opportunities for it. E.g. typical employees getting older, more working women at the working places, corporate downsizing and heavy use of temporary workers serving the bonds of loyalty which historically used to tie many employees to their employers; global competition requiring the employees to become more flexible and to learn to cope with rapid changes These management concerns are: Responding to Globalization Managing Workforce Diversity Improving Quality and work Productivity Responding to the Labor Shortage Improving customer Service Improving people skills Contemporary Mgmt Concerns Responding to Globalization GlobalizationAppliedExamples Globalization affects a managers skills in at least two ways: Managers are increasingly likely to face foreign assignments or transfers from one operating division or subsidiary in another country. There they have to manage a workforce likely very different in needs, aspirations and attitudes from those they used to deal at home. Even in home country you have to work with bosses, peers & other employees born & raised in different cultures. Whatever motivates you might not work on them. They might find your straightforward communication approach very uncomfortable & threatening. Therefore to work effectively with them you need to understand their cultures, how it shaped them, & how to adapt a management style to their differences. Because The cultural differences require the managers to modify their practices