SPEAKING FOR YOURSELF

Good commincation are needed for everybody, many students entering higher education are unable to express their thoughts clearly and effectly in their own language, after more than twelve years at school.Good communication skills are needed in everyday life, in study at colledge or university, and such studies are based on any career. People need to improve their writing and they need to develop their ability to converse, to discuss, to argue persuasively, and to speak in public. Many students applying for employment still have poor communication skills,

employers complain that after a further three years in colledge or university.

All courses in further and higher education are intended to facilitate both learning and personal development. You must be recognized that many school leavers need to improve their communication skills. You will receive comments and advice on your written work to help you to improve your written, as a student, and you will have opportunities to discuss your work and to give short talks or persentations. You will be encouraged to develop your ability to express your thoughts effectively.

People must have the first impressions to be good. First impressions is very important. For example, if you have a good first impression, people may happy and you havent people may sad. That

is why, our first impression is that much important. Most people probably take for granted their ability to speak, not thinking much about it until they have to address an audience or attend an important interview. But just as your first impressions of other people are based on how they look and how they speak- os are their impressions of you. What time you speak, you are both conveying information relevant to the subject being discussed and presenting yourself,not just when giving a talk or being interviewed.

When you meet people for the first time their immediate feelings about you is based in your apperance and behaviour, so that is very important, you must take care for it. Because you have not

second opportunity to make a good first impression, and that people are not easily forgotten or revised.

Some skills needed in studying any subject and in any carrer: There are: 1.Self management, 2.Money management, 3.Time

management, 4.Summarising, information, 7.Problem solving, 8.Thinking and creativity, 5.Finding information, 6.Processing

9.Communicating. 1.Self management Management is not just for managers, just as leadership is not just for leaders. We all manage, and we all lead; these are not actions reserved for only those people who happen to hold these positions in a company. I personally think of management and leadership as

callings, and we all get these callings to manage and lead at different times, and to different degrees. Considered another way, I believe we can all learn to be more self-governing through the disciplines of great

management and great leadership; these are concepts that can give us wonderful tenets to live and work by. For instance, these are what Ive come to think of as Twelve Rules for Self-Management. Show me a business where everyone lives and works by self-managing, and Ill bet its a business destined for greatness. 1. Live by your values, whatever they are. You confuse people when you dont, because they cant predict how youll behave. 2. Speak up! No one can hear what youre thinking without you be

willing to stand up for it. Mind-reading is something most people cant do. 3. Honor your own good word, and keep the promises you make. If not, people eventually stop believing most of what you say, and your words will no longer work for you. 4. When you ask for more responsibility, expect to be held fully accountable. This is what seizing ownership of something is all about; its usually an all or nothing kind of thing, and so youve got to treat it that way. 5. Dont expect people to trust you if you arent willing to be trustworthy for them first and foremost. Trust is an outcome of fulfilled expectations. 6. Be more productive by creating good habits and rejecting bad ones.

Good habits corral your energies into a momentumbuilding rhythm for you; bad habits sap your energies and drain you. 7. Have a good work ethic, for it seems to be getting rare today. Curious, for those old-fashioned values like

dependability, timeliness, professionalism and diligence are prized more than ever before. Be action-oriented. Seek to make things work. Be willing to do what it takes. 8. Be interesting. Read voraciously, and listen to learn, then teach and share everything you know. No one owes you their attention; you have to earn it and keep attracting it. 9. Be nice. Be courteous, polite and respectful. Be considerate. Manners still count for an awful lot in life, and thank goodness they do.

10. Be self-disciplined. Thats what adults are supposed to grow up to be. 11. Dont be a victim or a martyr. You always have a choice, so dont shy from it: Choose and choose without regret. Look forward and be enthusiastic. 12. Keep healthy and take care of yourself. Exercise your mind, body and spirit so you can be someone people count on, and so you can live expansively and with abundance. Managers will tell you that they dont really need to manage people who live by these rules; instead, they can devote their attentions to managing the businesses in which they all thrive. Chances are it will also be a place where great leaders are found. 2.Money management Make a personal budget. The first step in properly managing money is

making a budget that tracks how much money you earn and spend each month. This will help you keep track of where all your money goes and allow you to make decisions to lessen spending in certain areas in order to have extra money in more important areas.

Create financial goals and make your budget work with your goals. Almost everyone knows it is a good idea to save money, but far fewer are able to save when they have money sitting in their pocket ready to be spent. Creating some more long-term financial goals, such as saving for an emergency cash fund that can cover six month's expenses, is a great way to practice money-managing discipline while working toward something positive. By setting aside part of your budget toward your

goal, you can make a habit of saving or investing first, and spending second. Forming good habits is one of the most important aspects of good money management. 3.Time management

Each day has only 24 hours. This is something that you have to accept because it will not change. Time can not be changed, but the way you approach it can. This is the secret of effective time management. You must train yourself to focus on the things that really matter to you and spend your time on these things only. Everything else should be eliminated from your life.

Making the changes necessary to manage your time effectively can be rewarding and fun, but some of these changes will take a

leap of faith on your part. However, there is no need to rush, you can make the necessary changes at your own pace. If you bite off more than you can chew at the beginning there is a chance you may fail.

This is why you need a clear time plan for every day. You need to have a very clear idea of what needs to be done, how long it will take, and when it is going to be done. At the beginning it can be difficult to know how long each task will take so it may be a good idea to keep a time log for a week before starting to keep a time plan. In your time log you need to write down what you do every day and how long it takes. This will show you exactly how long different tasks and activities take. When you know how long each task will

take, you can plan your day much more accurately.

4.Summarising is inability to distinguish important points from the supporting detail, and to make good notes. 5.Finding information is not making good use of libraries and other sources of ideas and information. 6.Processing information is not bringing together relevant information and ideas form lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical work, background reading and other sources. 7.Problem solving is not thinking things to a satisfactory conclusion. 8.Thinking and creativity is midless repetition of other peoples thoughts: unwillingness to consider new approaches or different points of view. 9.Communicating is not expressing thoughts clearly,

concisely and persuasively when speaking or in writing.

Between you and the people you meet, your appearance and speech may create barriers, or may help them to feel at ease in your presence. People make assumptions from your speech,which may or may not be correct, about your place of birth and social class, about you education, about your interests and opinions, and about your intelligence.When you speak, you know what you are thinking and how you feel about it; and other people make judgements about your character and assumptions about what you are

thinking.Eye Contact and Facial Expressions, Position Posture Gestures are very very important.

How you speak

We also notice other characteristics of the way people speak. We are remarkably sensitive to the vocal characteristics of speech, as indicated by our ability to recognise the voices of many people whom we hear only in telephone conversations or on the radio. If they are considerate, in any serious conversation or discussion we expect brevity, clarity, sincerity and politeness. That is why,when we speaking on the telephone or listening to the radio, we may from an impression of a persons character- which may or may not be correct. In face-to-face conversations we are more confident in our ability to judge people from the way they speak. Control your

thought or else it will control you.

Be polite

Be polite but dont be weak. When meeting someone the usual greeting for the first time is to say How do you do, less formally, Hello. Then, to end this first conversation, if appropriate you could say It has been a pleasure to meet you. More important, you should look as if your meeting has been a pleasure. Someone whom you

know well when you meet you can greet How are you?. This greeting is not an invitation to recite your medical history or to provide an up date on your state of health. Being polite doesn't cost you a penny. It's just common sense; manner and making others feel

appreciated. If you're lacking in manners, or struggling to be polite at all times, this guide is for you. You are most likely to persuade others, in any conversation, or to obtain their agreement, co-operation and support, if you are obviously interested and considerate:(a) If your manner is friendly; (b) if you address individuals by name; (c) if you smile when you meet; (d) if you consult them at least on occasions when they should be consulted; and (e) if you agree with them when

you can. When you speak on the phone special care is needed, unless it is a video call, because there is no non-verbal communication. So, whatever you say , always start your conversation with your name; and use the name of person who you are calling; and end, if appropriate, by saying Thank you for your help.

The etiquette include of their manners, fashions and how to say and so on. Etiquette is dependent on culture; what is excellent etiquette in one society may shock another. Etiquette evolves within culture. Etiquette can vary widely between different cultures and nations. In such rigid hierarchal cultures as Korea and Japan, alcohol helps to break down the strict social barrier between classes. It

allows for a hint of informality to creep in. It is traditional for host and guest to take turns filling each other's cups and encouraging each other to gulp it down. Etiquette, Which may be taught as a set of rules, is a guide to acceptable behavior in polite society-helping those in Rome to do as Romans do. Good manners in conversation, as in any other social interaction, are no more than common sense: showing ones respect, interest and pleasure or, at least, ensuring that one does not give offence. The Japanese are very formal. Moments of silence are far from awkward. Smiling doesnt always mean that the individual is expressing pleasure. Business cards are to be handed out formally following this procedure: Hand card with writing facing

upwards; bow when giving and receiving the card; grasp it with both hands; read it carefully; and put it in a prominent place. The Japanese feel a Giri an obligation to reciprocate a gesture of kindness. They also rely on an innate sense of right and wrong.

Today many of us worry about etiquette: we need to know what to say and how to behave in a particular situation. Our language and our manners must be appropriate to the situation. Nowadays etiquette doesn't include so many rigid rules, but is more about "everyday living." Its "goal is to help all people of all lifestyles get along with each other." It is more about "common sense and consideration". There are rules which have changed during the centuries,

for example, "how men and women interact" has changed considerably since the 1950's. Each culture has its own system of etiquette and they are sometimes very different. Behavior that is proper in one culture may be improper in another. What is considered proper in a city, could be considered improper in a small town.

Charm cannot exist without good manners-meaning by this, not so much manners that precisely follow particular rules, as manners that have been made smooth and polished by the continuous practice of kind impulses. And certainly the greatest asset can have is charm. Charm is the art of having an attractive personality. This

characteristic can be achieved only over a period of time. While everyone is

born with differing amounts of natural charm, much can be acquired and honed through practice and patience. As with dancing, the more you practice, the better you will become. During the first few minutes of my How to Be Charming, our instructor asked us to list qualities that we found charming. Most people said the same thing: funny, warm, memorable. But ultimately, it was very difficult to define charm.

Try to know what u should the right things at the right time as on knowing what you should not say. That including an awareness of topics that are best avoided. There are socially accepted notions as to what is and what is and what is not appropriate in particular circumstances, when speaking, as with other aspects of behavior. For

example, you might be expected: firstly to respond to a greeting with a similar greeting and smile; and secondly to be cooperative, responding to a request either by greeting to help or by explaining why you are unable to help; or thirdly when you asked Would you like..? to reply, with a smile, either Yes please or No thank you. You must listen carefully in any conversation or discussion to the contributions of others and have the confidence to contribute yourself. This is you should listen without being

submissive. Normally, you should be assertive, ensuring that your message is clearly expressed and understood, but you should not be aggressive, you should not attempt to dominate by speaking loudly or by using

language intended to ridicule the views of others. People who differs from the speaker in age, appearance, race, religion or sexual orientation, are to be avoided in all conversations, discussions, talks or presentations- as a student and, after graduation, in any profession. False and defamatory is one should never say anything.

What you say and what to do is important. Everything can be possible, if you have right time, right place and right situation. In conversation, the socially acceptable will depend on who is present, and on the place, the time and the occation.Not only in ensure care is necessary that you own conduct and use of words are appropriate ate but also in observing and interpreting non-verbal clues to feelings of

others. Psychological research into happiness has, for the most part, focused on facial expressions. Its no wonder: most of our communication-both verbal and nonverbal-comes from our face. As a smile may be misunderstood by people whom you know well: it is not necessarily a spontaneous expression of pleasure; and laughter may indicate amusement, discomfort, embarrassment,

surprise, wonder orThere are also cultural differences in expectations relating, as an example, it is the need for personal space and it is the use or avoidance of eye contact which if you not understood can easily cause discomfort or annoyance. Eye contact is very important when we talk. In human beings, eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large influence on social behavior.

What you say Be accurate When we talk we must be accurate. It is very important. If your way of talk are flexible, people dont like you and people dont tension on you. There is a game that you may know is in which people sit in a circle, and one whispers a message to a neighbor, and then says Pass it on. You has to do is listen carefully and pass on the massage. If people listened carefully, there would be nothing of interest in this game, thats so remembered the message exactly, and whispered clearly-repeating it word for word. The more people there are in the circle, the more it is likely to differ from the original. In other situations, the person who to pass on messages

accurately is likely to have serious and even serious consequences. On

communication skills, this game can be used in courses as the basis for the class exercise. So, this game is one of the interested games. Every people can happy.

There

have

one

of

the

complex

things

that

is

communication. People can communicate speaking to someone directly, face to face or on the phone, or sending a written message. It is not easy to ensure that you have meaning adequately or that you will be understood. There are two types of communication, verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication is communication that uses words, either written or spoken. In othe situations, failure to pass on messages accurately is likely to have serious and even fatal consequences ( for example , inaccurate messages may result in a waste of

time in any business, in a loss of production in industry, of in a failture to respond appropriately when first aid is required urgently immediately after an accident). This game can therefore be used in courses on communication skills as the basis for a class exercise. It can also be used when training first aid workers, for example, to emphasize the care needed to ensure clarity and accuracy when passing messages by word of mouth. Communication is complex, even when speaking to someone directly, face to face or on the telephone, or when sending a written message. It is not easy to ensure that we have expressed our meaning adequately or that we will be understood. For example of communication is, thought of speaker give composing message and thought of listener recieve understanding massage. Accurate communication, using words alone, is not easy, that is so difficult. Verbal communication involves our choosing words and using them to convey our thoughts accurately as an unambiguous massage in an attempt to evoke identical thoughts in the minds of listeners or readers, so that they understand our massage correctly. In verbal communication, when transferring information

using words alone, as in a letter or an e-mail, or when speaking on the telephone to someone we cannot see , we put our thoughts into words so that they can be sent as a message- in an attempt ot provoke indentical thoughts in the mind of a reader or listener. This involves care on the part of the sender who must: consider what the receiver needs to know and why this information is needed; convey just this information as a message , with enough suppporting detail; choose words the reciever is expected to know and understand; and use these words correctly in well-constructed unambiguous sentences. Care is also necessary on the part of the receiver, who must pay attention both to the words used and, in speech especially, to the way they are expressed. So we must be care for choosing words. Then the interpretation of the massage is influenced by the recievers prior knowledge, likes and dislikes, opinions and beliefs, and in face to face converations, discussions and talks, by the accompanying non-verbal signals. If we are listener we must give a comment, question and answer. Whether or not people are actually speaking,

information transfer is facilitated by unspoken clues to

their

thoughts

and

feelings.

This

non-verbal

communication (involving position, posture, eye contact =, facial expression and other gestures) is aptly called body language. Absolutely, we must have a good body language that is so accordingly important for a person.it rein- forces the words used but is more fundamental than speech and sometimes makes words unnecessary. For example, if in conversation our eyebrows do not move they reveal nothing of our thoughts; if raised slightly they indicate surprise; if raised fully, disbelief; if lowered slightly, puzzlement; if lowered fully anger. So , although we learn to control the out ward expression of our emotions to some extent, in face to face conversatons and discussions we cannot always avoid revealing unspoken thoughts and feelings htaht we might prefer th keep to ourselves. Be approraite

What we say and how we say to capture and hold attention, it must be appropriate to our purpose, to our subject, to the needs of our audience, and to the occasion. So always chech, If we can, that any assumptions we

make about these things are correct. Our purpose in speaking may be, for example, to inform, to convince, to consult, to provide feedback, to review, to agree a course of action, to instruct , to introduce a discussion, to question, to find fault , or to praise. Our purpose will influence our choice of words, our use of eye contact, our facial expressions and gestures, the position we adopt in relation to our audience, and perhaps also the way we dress and where we choose to speak. As to the subject, to the needs of our audience and to the occasion, if we were talking to people who had invited our to speak about flowers we would talk only about flower. However, we might talk, for example; to students of biology about flowers structure and the fucntions of its parts; to flower growers about methods of cultivation.

What you do

What we do admire most in others( for example , that they are able, concerned, conscientious, considerate,

enthusiastic, fair minded, flexible, genuinem, honest,

open, sincere, trustworthy)? Whose advice would we seek to help us make balanced judgements? As to credibility, persuasion is achieved first by the speakers personal character; second by the effect of the words used when they stir the emotions; and third by persuasive arguments suitable to the case in question. When we promise to do something, do we remember to do it? Those who come to know we will respect respect us for what we say, and how we say it, only if they find that we are consistent; that our do say what we mean, and that we ours actions do support our words.

Improve your perfomance

Use Standard English _ a world language

The standardisation of English A political journalist considered knowledge of grammar as a weapon in struggle of the working classes againt their oppressors and hoped that Grammar of the English Language would help the common people. If we are more understand Standard English our performance will be

improve. Personal performance improvement is often treated like a project. our identify goals; our plan change; our manifest change; our test change; our review change; job done. For most personal improvements, this works just fine. We can do on a weekly basis, instead or in addition to our performance project. The first is we must be Introduce ourself to at least one new person in our class, each week, and tell them about ourself. Who knows, we may just find someone who can help us or give us a fresh outlook on our challenges. The merits of Standard English In spite of this recognition of the importance of clear speech, there has been a change in many peoples attitude to standard spoken English.in any career much more time is spent in speaking than in writing; and those who speak fluently are lidely also to write fluently. yet speech is learnt by example , in the home, and those who learn to speak English badly at home may not be corrected in schools; perhaps some parents who

themselves speak badly consider there to be nothing wrong with their childrens speech, and would resent any attempt to correct it as adverse criticism of their own speech. So we need to learn standard English to be a good speaker. However, the development of Standard English is not something. On the contrary; the conventions of English grammar have been accepted and adhered to by most educated English speaker.

English as a world language When communication between people in different regions was difficult it was natural to that isolated influences, speech should

communities,

subject

different

develop in different directions. Now that most educated people have access to books and newspapers, radio and television, mobile phones and the Internet, all educated English-speaking people are familiar with standard

English. English has become a world language. There are many acceptable varieties of spoken English, but to

facilitate international communication anyone learning it as a foreign language needs to know how to pronounce each new word correctly. Each speakers pronunciation of English words must be understood by other speakers of English. As a result, many people who have learned English as a second language can be more widely understood than many who have been taught English. So if we want to use standard English we must be think clearly to speak clearly. Reflect on the importance of good oral communication skills They are_ (a)To use the vocabulary and grammar of standard English, which they should understand can be expressed in a variety of accents; (b) to formulate ideas clearly; (c) to speak fluently;(d) to adapt their speech to a widening range of circumstances and demands; and (e) to listen, understand and respond appropriately in conversations.