ABSTRACT DC MOTOR SPEED AND DIRECTION CONTROL USING PWM AND BRIDGE

A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that may be used as an efficient DC motor speed controller or light dimmer. The project is a versatile device that can control DC devices which draw up to a few amps of current. The circuit may be used either 12 or 24 volt systems with only a few minor writing changes .The device has been used to control the speed and direction the of the DC motor . A PWM circuit works by making a square wave with a variable on-to-off ratio, the average on time may be varied from 0 to 100 percent. In this manner a variable amount of power is transferred to the load. The main advantage of a PWM circuit over a resistive power controller is the efficiency, at a 50% level, the PWM will the use about 50% of full power, almost all of which is transferred to the load, a resistive controller at 50% load power would consume about 71% of full power, 50% of the power goes to the load and the other 21%is wasted heating the series resistor. One additional advantage of pulse reach the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistance more easily. Two push-to-on switches are provided for increasing/decreasing the speed of the motor. Two more push-to-on switches ate provided to rotate the motor in Clock wise / Counter clock wise direction.16X2 LCD is connected to display the speed level of the motor and the direction. LED indication is also provided for visual indication.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE

PAGE NO.

1.4

Block Diagram of DC Motor Speed and Direction Control using PWM Technique 2

2.2.2 2.3.1 2.3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 4.1

Pin Diagram Of AT89S52 Architecture of Micro controller Functional Block Diagram of micro controller Block Diagram Of Clock Pulse Generator Crystal Oscillator Equivalent Circuit Diagram Of Note On Board Design Phase Relationship Of Clock And E Clock DC Motor

5 8 9 12 13 13 13 14

4.2

Working of DC Motor

15

6.1 6.20

Schematic Design LCD Diagram

19 20

ii

6.21 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 8.1 8.2

Block Diagram Of LCD LED Diagram Block Diagram Of LED IR Sensors IR Sensors Block Diagram of Regulated power supply Transformer

21 22 23 25 25 26 27

8.3.1 8.3.2 8.4

Bridge Rectifier Charging and discharging of capacitor Three Terminal Of Regulator

28 29 29

LIST OF TABLES

iii

TABLE NO.

DESCRIPTION

PAGE. NO

Table-2.30

Port 1 Pin Specifications

Table-2.31

Port 3 Pin Specifications

Table-2.4.20

T2CON Timer/Counter 2 Control Register

11

Table-2.4.21

T2CON Timer/Counter 2 Mode Control Register

11

Table-3.2

External Crystal Parameters

12

Table-6.2

LCD Pin Description

20

iv