Forging Magazine

FORGING
A Penton Publication July/August 2012

Visit us on the web at www.forgingmagazine.com
INSIDE:
UNIVERSAL STAINLESS
STARTS RADIAL FORGE
I PG.6
PROTECTION AGAINST
HEAT-TREATING COSTS
I PG.18
NEW HYDRAULICS FOR
PRECISION PRESS CONTROL
I PG.32
FINISHING
STRONG
The approach of IMTS
highlights forgers embrace
of emerging capabilities in
manufacturing technology.
I PG.24
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Ask for a weld shop tune up

2 I FORGING I JULY/AUGUST 2012
ON THE COVER:
Design bv Bill S:ilagvi,
graphics editor.
C O N T E N T S
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JULY/ AUGUST 2012 I VOL. 22, NO. 4
Editors Note .......................................... 4
Industry News ........................................ 6
FIA News .............................................12
Newsmakers .........................................14
New Products ........................................26
Product Express .....................................29
Advertiser Index .....................................31
Business Staff .......................................31
Looking Ahead ......................................32
HEAT TREATING
18 Cost Reductions Due to
Protective Coatings
A practical technique for heating anv
kind of steel without the problems
associated with oxidation and
decarburi:ation.
MACHINING
24 Setting Up The Big Finish
Manufacturing technologv is driving
forge shops and machine shops together,
and a range of new machining functions is
rewarding their efforts.
QUALITY CONTROL
32 New Press Hydraulics,
Better Forming Process Control
At Stupino Metallurgical in Russia, a
Siempelkamp moderni:ation profect is
focused on machine control and exibilitv
and promises to be more effective than
new construction.
D E P A R T M E N T S
<
<
<
F E A T U R E S
Dont hold back
W
hen I interviewed a Iorging executive earlier this year he was glad to explain his company`s
manuIacturing activity and strategy Ior business development, but what really got him Iired
up was 'sequestration the budgetary time bomb that will eliminate a long list oI deIense
programs iI some new agreement does not emerge to keep them in place.
As the Congressional Research Service explains, sequestration is a technique Ior 'automatic, largely
across-the-board spending reductions under which budgetary resources are permanently canceled to
enIorce certain budget policy goals. The current prospect oI sequestration relates to its inclusion as an
enIorcement mechanism in the Budget Control Act oI 2011: the automatic deIense cuts will happen iI
the Congress exceeds its appropriations allowance Ior each year Irom FY2012 through FY2021. Also,
that 2011 Act stipulates that iI the Congress Iails to enact legislation by January 15, 2012 (they did Iail)
to reduce the Iederal deIicit by at least $1.2 trillion, then sequestration oI mandatory spending will be
enacted each year between FY2013-FY2021, with a one-year sequestration oI discretionary spending
Ior FY2013, Iollowed by lower discretionary spending limits Ior FY2014-FY2021.
Wait, don`t stop reading: I included that much detail as an example oI how legislators think their
constituents are too bored or distracted, or stupid, to understand how the game is played. II they just
make it suIIiciently complex, or scary, we`ll give them more money without demanding that they
manage it responsibly.
Americans are living today with a bill Ior nearly $16 trillion, which represents all the current
outstanding debts; it does not indicate
the Iorecast deIicits Ior projects and pro-
grams, which we will incur over time.
This includes all manner oI Iederal ex-
penses and obligations, including deIense
programs. As citizens and responsible
individuals, we should insist that costs be optimized everywhere, but an automatic suspension oI pay-
ments is an irresponsible approach, likely to Iail.
'DeIense cuts are coming, but the worst thing we can do is make myopic decisions, the Iorging
executive explained to me. He described how purchasing executives Ior deIense programs already are
preparing Ior sequestration by trimming costs and choosing cheaper options Ior systems, designs, and
materials. 'I worry that those decisions are being made already, that we are making decisions to solve
a problem that we have now, he continued. 'The long-term negative eIIect, the costs we are going to
incur, even in the next three to Iive years, not to mention 10 to 15, because we are making such myo-
pic decisions today, is staggering to me.
Surely, Iorgers and other manuIacturers supplying deIense programs will be injured in the Iall-out,
but my source`s point was more expansive: the damage will be Ielt by workers whose jobs are made
unnecessary as FIA recently noted to members contemplating deIense cuts, even the WARN Act
does not apply! and by states and localities whose tax revenues are reduced. Worse, perhaps, there
will gaps in R&D, lapses in saIety, and even risks to security iI sequestration plays out in the coming
months and years.
But, beIore we arrive at that point, understand this: Sequestration is a simplistic solution arrived at
by Ieckless legislators who are unwilling to present their constituents with an honest explanation oI
their Iiscal irresponsibility. They have simpliIied the Iiscal task to 'balancing obligations rather than
establishing principles, and now they aim to solve the crisis by prioritizing spending according to
Iairness` rather than purpose.` II our representatives are in oIIice merely to determine how popular
one or another outcome can be, and how those outcomes can be made to reIlect their inIluence
well, then we might as well elect PR Ilacks and SEO experts.
Every trend oI modern liIe is elevating the ability and authority oI individuals, generally at the
expense oI governmental or legal authority. II the Iew expectations we have oI our elected representa-
tives intelligence, responsibility, civility are too much Ior them to assume, then the chaos that
Iollows should be no surprise to anyone.
ROBERT E. BROOKS I EDITOR
THEY BELIEVE THAT IF THEY MAKE IT SUFFI-
CIENTLY COMPLEX, OR SCARY, WELL GIVE THEM
MORE MONEY WITHOUT DEMANDING THAT THEY
MANAGE IT RESPONSIBLY.
EDITORIAL STAFF
E D I T O R
Robert E. Brooks
Robert.Brooks@penton.com
G R A P H I C S E D I T O R
Bill Szilagyi
Bill.Szilagyi@penton.com
M A N U F A C T U R I N G &
S U P P L Y C H A I N G R O U P
C O N T E N T D I R E C T O R
Patricia Panchak
Pat.Panchak@penton.com
EDITORIAL-
ADVISORY BOARD
Carola Sekreter
Forging Industry Association
Alvin M. Sabroff
Metalworking
Consultant Group
Dr. Rajiv Shivpuri
The Ohio State University
Dr. Chester J. Van Tyne
Colorado School of Mines
FORGING
1300 East Ninth Street
Cleveland, OH
44114-1503
Tel. 216-696-7000
Fax 216-696-7932
www.forgingmagazine.com
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I N D U S T R Y N E W S
UNIVERSAL
STAINLESS STARTS
RADIAL FORGE
U
niversal Stainless & Alloy Prod-
ucts has started operations at the
Ohio radial Iorging plant it paid $104.5
million to acquire in 2011. The plant,
in North Jackson, OH, was unIinished
when the purchase was made, and Uni-
versal completed the development over
the intervening months.
The Patriot Special Metals project
was begun by Republic Special Met-
als Inc. in 2008, but construction was
delayed. The 200,000-It
2
greenIield
development near Youngstown, OH, in-
cludes the radial Iorge and a vacuum in-
duction melting (VIM) operation, two
vacuum arc remelt (VAR) Iurnaces,
heat treating operations, and various
long-products Iinishing equipment.
The SMX 650 radial Iorge is a hy-
draulic operation designed by SMS
Meer that converts nickel alloy, stain-
less steel, tool steel, titanium, powder
met al and low-alloy steel i ngots up
to 25-in. diameter into products with
diameters down to 3.25 in. The pro-
cess involves Iour hydraulic cylinders
with corresponding tools arranged in
an X` shape. All Iorging parameters
can be selected individually, with the
maximum Iorging Iorce Iully available
throughout the entire Iorging stroke.
AI t er t he acquisit ion, Universal
decided to add an electro-slag remelt
(ESR) Iurnace at the North Jackson site.
The news oI the st ar t-up was an-
nounced with the Universal Stainless
second-quarter income statement. The
company repor ted 2Q 2012 sales oI
$67.9 million, a decrease oI 9 Irom
Q1, but a 7 increase Irom the second
quarter oI 2011.
Operati ng i ncome Ior t he second
quarter oI 2012 was $7.3 million, 25
below Q1 2012 income and a 14 de-
cline Irom the second quarter oI 2011.
Universal St ai nless st ated it nar-
rowed it s negat ive cash I low I rom
operat ions t o $500,000 dur i ng t he
quarter, despite investment in work-
ing capital and in the start oI North
Jackson operations; capital expenses
during the quarter were $10.3 million,
including $7.2 million Ior the North
Jackson operation.
'Despit e cont i nued end-market
strength, we experienced changes in
our customers` buying patterns as the
second quarter progressed, chairman,
president, and CEO Dennis Oates oI-
Iered. 'Falling raw material prices and
the prospect oI lower Iuture surcharges
combined with growing economic cau-
tion inI luenced customers to reduce
their order quantities, negatively im-
pacting our shipment volume, order en-
try and backlog.
Universal expects t hat t he Nor t h
Jackson operat ion wil l broaden it s
product range, adding 'higher-margin
products and giving it access to new
markets. The radial Iorge, described
as 'the largest hydraulic radial Iorge in
the Western Hemisphere, will produce
large and long Iorged squares, rounds,
bars, and custom shapes Ior aerospace,
power generation, petrochemical, and
general industrial tool steel and shaIt-
ing applications.
AMERICAN AXLE STARTS NEW PLANT IN INDIA
A
merican Axle & Manufacturing Holdings Inc. marked the opening of its new
Chennai Manufacturing Facility (CHMF) in southeast India in early August. The
new operation produces front and rear axles for commercial vehicles, for Asian
distribution. AAM is a global manufacturer of driveline and drivetrain systems, as
well as related components and modules, and
chassis systems for trucks, SUVs, passenger
cars, and crossover vehicles.
We are extremely pleased to celebrate the
grand opening of AAM`s third regional manu-
facturing operation in India, stated John J.
Bellanti, AAM executive vice president, World-
wide Operations. The Chennai Manufacturing
Facility will allow us to leverage AAM`s track
record of world-class quality, delivery, reliability and outstanding warranty perfor-
mance while furthering AAM`s global expansion in emerging markets.
AAMs other Indian production sites are at Pune, where it produces axle assem-
blies for heavy commercial vehicles produced in India and abroad; and at Pantna-
gar, where it produces axle assemblies for light trucks, passenger cars, and SUVs
for the Indian market. The latter plant is a former joint venture with Sona Koyo Ltd.,
now wholly owned by American Axle.
The group also has an engineering center at Pune, where it develops products
and IT services for its regional customers.
Profitable growth in India is a key component of AAM`s global business strat-
egy, according to managing director - AAM India, Anand M. Ganguly. Chennai
Manufacturing Facility reflects AAM`s commitment to India while allowing us to
provide advanced-technology products for current and potential new customers
throughout the region. The facility is strategically located in close proximity to our
OEM customers.
American Axle has forging and other manufacturing plants worldwide, including
in Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, as well as Brazil, China, Germany,
Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, and the U.K.
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ENERGY-SAVING
EARNS $200K FOR
MERITOR AXLE PLANT
A
utomotive components producer Mer-
itor Inc. has been awarded $200,000
to install environmentally Iriendly light-
ing at its Heath, OH, operation. The
money will come Irom two sources
the Ohio Department oI Development`s
OIIice oI Energy and American Electric
Power Ohio, an electric utility.
'At Meritor, we consider sustainability
an economic, social and environmental
requirement Ior success, stated Meritor
v.p. Ior Environmental Health, SaIety,
and Facility Services Richard Hanlon.
'Our eIIorts Iocus on social responsibil-
ity, innovative product and process de-
sign and operational excellence in saIety
and environmental protection.
'Meritor has established long-term
sustainability goals that include reduc-
tions in greenhouse gas emissions and
energy consumption, Hanlon continued.
'The collaboration between our Heath
Iacility and Iederal, state, and local oIIi-
cials is an excellent example oI this com-
mitment.
Meritor manuIact ures drivet rai n
systems and components, braking and
suspension systems, and aItermarket
products Ior commercial vehicle and in-
dustrial markets. The Heath plant pro-
duces axles Ior municipal coaches and
buses, and specialty axles, too.
The Ohio Dept. oI Development`s OI-
Iice oI Energy awarded $128,000 as a
50 match Ior a project to install 1,200
energy-eIIicient lighting Iixtures, money
supplied via the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act and sourced through
the agency`s Energy EIIiciency Program
Ior ManuIacturers. The grant was initi-
ated in February 2011.
'Meritor`s lighting upgrade is a great
example oI how Ohio`s manuIacturing Ia-
cilities can utilize the Energy EIIiciency
Program Ior ManuIacturers to reduce
energy usage and improve eIIiciency,
stated Chad Smith, deputy chieI oI the
OIIice oI Energy at the Ohio Dept. oI
Development. 'We believe that energy
eIIiciency among manuIacturers allows
Ohio to maximize its resources, and in
the long-term create an environment Ior
job creation as well as cost eIIective en-
ergy resources Ior Ohio businesses, com-
munities and residents.
The second award totaled $72,000
and was provided through AEP Ohio`s
energy-saving rebate program, and re-
lates to the annual electricity savings
oI 1,522,000 kilowatt hours anticipated
Irom Meritor`s installation oI 2,383
high-eIIiciency lighting Iixtures over a
36-month period.
'We appreciate the hard work Irom all
oI the employees involved in this project,
said Mike Deep, the Heath plant man-
ager. 'Everyone wins through sustain-
able practices such as reducing energy
consumption. The Iacility beneIits Irom
the signiIicant savings achieved while si-
multaneously reducing the environmen-
tal impact.
PRECISION
CASTPARTS
STILL BUILDING
AEROSPACE
PORTFOLIO
P
roceeding with its 'aerostructures
strategy, Precision Castparts Corp.
is buying a series oI machining operations
and the McSwain ManuIacturing business
Irom Heroux-Devtek Inc. The seller is a
Quebec-based manuIacturer oI aerostruc-
tures (commercial and military airIrame
structures and assemblies), landing gears,
and industrial turbine and wind power
components.
The value oI the cash transaction was
not reported. PCC stated it expects the
purchase to be completed during 2Q FY
2013 The Iour new plants have total oI 440
people, it noted.
Heroux-Devtek`s aerostructures opera-
tions manuIacture aluminum, aluminum-
lithium, and titanium components and as-
semblies, including bulkheads, wing ribs,
spars, Irames, and engine mounts. The
operations that PCC is buying include Pro-
gressive Machine in Arlington, TX, and
Montreal (Dorval), and Queretaro, Mexico.
These operations will be organized as part
oI PCC`s Fastener Products segment.
McSwain, in Cincinnati, is a turning,
milling, and drilling operation that supplies
components Ior gas turbine and mining
applications. It will become part oI PCC`s
Forged Products segment.
'The acquisition oI these operations
continues to move us much Iarther down
the road toward strategically building a
more cohesive, Iar-reaching aerostruc-
tures business within our Fastener Prod-
ucts segment, stated Mark Donegan,
PCC chairman and CEO oI Precision
Castparts Corp. 'In addition to serv-
ing our current customer base, Heroux-
Devtek strengthens our presence with
such key customers as Iockheed, Bom-
bardier, and GulIstream.
Precision Castparts Corp. a Iorger,
investment caster, and manuIacturer oI
Iasteners and other critical metal compo-
nents is in the course oI several other
acquisitions in the same market segment.
This includes Klune Industries, which
Iorms, machines, and Iabricates aircraIt
component st ruct ures in aluminum,
nickel, titanium, and steel; Centra Indus-
tries, an Ontario machining and Iabricat-
ing operation specializing in 'aerostruc-
tures; Dickson Testing Co., a CaliIornia
company that perIorms mechanical, met-
allurgical, and chemical destructive test-
ing services; and AerocraIt Heat Treat-
ing Co., a heat treater Ior titanium- and
nickel-alloy Iorgings and castings used in
aerospace manuIacturing.
'The acquisition signiIicantly enhances
our ability to machine longer aircraIt ribs
and spars, as well as larger Iorged compo-
nents, such as our titanium bulkheads Irom
GraIton (OH), which we can then supply
directly to our OEM customers, Donegan
continued. 'These businesses provide us
with the advanced, state-oI-the-art machin-
ing capability that will continue to help
drive our top- and bottom-line growth.
FORGING NEWS BRIEFS
Accuride Corp. will deploy Plex Sys-
tems software-as-a-service (SaaS)/cloud
enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution
across its operations. As detailed by Plex,
Accuride will consolidate seven separate
systems running more than 200 applications
as it implements the Plex Online ERP system.
Forgital Group, Vicenza, I tal y, was
awarded the Roll-Royce GTSC Supplier of
the Year Award for 2011. Forgital produces
titanium forgings for the Fan Case Module
of the Trent XWB engine, which will power
the new Airbus A350 XWB family of aircraft.
Roll-Royce GTSC (Gas Turbine Supply Chain)
has over 500 suppliers globally, collaborating
on critical parts, and the award reflects a
positive working relationship and strategic
alignment with Rolls-Royce standards.
Alcoa entered into new, multi-year sup-
ply agreements with Airbus for its aerospace
aluminum sheet, plate, and hard-alloy ex-
truded products using Alcoas aluminum-
lithium and other alloys.
The Steel Market Development In-
stitute introduced a new Bar Steel Fatigue
Blog www.autosteel.org/barfatigueblog
an online tool for automotive engineers
looking for fatigue innovations and informa-
tion. Based on SMDIs Bar Steel Fatigue
Database is available to open participation
by steel and ground vehicle OEM and sup-
plier design engineers, powertrain/chassis
engineers, materials engineers, application
engineers and FEA simulation experts, as
well as current users of the Bar Steel Fatigue
Database.
0UK\J[VOLH[0UJ Madison Heights, Ml. USA
Tel: +1 (248j 585-9393 ^^^PUK\J[VOLH[JVT
lnductoheat, lnc. is committed to fnding effcient, effective and economic solutions for your induction
forge heating needs. We continue to embrace break-through technologies and customer service in all
that we do, and look forward to serving the metals and materials industry for 50 more.
A GIRARD and GLAMA partnership means more than nine decades of
combined expertise in the forging Industry. Our companies compliment
one other and by combining forces, we can ofer even more complete
solutions to the challenges faced by forging operations worldwide.
GLAMA expertise lies in specialized mobile, stationary and automatic
equipment for open and closed die forging, aluminum, rolling and
steel making industries.
GIRARD Engineering specializes in the design and implementation
of state-of-the-art automation and control systems for the forge.
We can retroft your existing equipment or provide a complete, custom
state-of-the-art solution designed to keep you competitive in todays
tough, always changing market conditions.
In addition to providing the most up-to-date engineering and
technology we are proud of our after sales support and service. In fact,
in some cases we can even provide same day service.
Let us show you.
Whatever your operational challenge, GIRARD will tailor a custom
solution, on time and on budget. Call 440-243-2212 or email us at
sales@girardusa.com to see how GIRARD Engineering can help
you automate your forge.
A POWERFUL PARTNERSHIP
IN NORTH AMERICA & MEXICO
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F I A / F I E R F N E W S
FIERF AWARDS
16 FINKL
SCHOLARSHIPS
E
ach year the Forging Industry Educa-
tional and Research Foundation pres-
ents academic scholarships to university
students in engineering programs, prior to
their junior year. The two-year awards
consisting oI $2,000 Ior the junior year and
$2,000 Ior the senior year are named in
memory oI Charles W. Finkl Ior his many
years oI commitment and contributions
to education and to the Iorging industry,
including more than 25 years oI service
on the FIERF Board oI Trustees, twice
serving as its president. Finkl, who died
in 2002, was the chairman and CEO oI
A. Finkl & Sons Co, a steel Iorging com-
pany, and a pioneer in the development
ladle metallurgy.
Sixteen students were selected as Finkl
scholars Ior 2012:
1ohn Agrusa, Iawrence Technological
University, Mechanical Engineering
Michael Bergagna, Marquette Univer-
sity, Mechanical Engineering
Sara Bidar, Ohio State University,
Electrical Engineering
Elizabeth Eisinger, Kettering Univer-
sity, Mechanical/Industrial Engineering
Ben Foldesy, Ohio University, Me-
chanical Engineering
Elizabeth Gillen, University oI To-
ledo, Mechanical Engineering
Madeline Hatlen, Colorado School
oI Mines, Material/Metallurgical Engi-
neering
Brendan Herrera, Pittsburg State Uni-
versity, ManuIacturing Engineering
1onathan Kuta, Marquette University,
Electrical/Computer Engineering
Michael Monahan, University oI Day-
ton, Mechanical Engineering
Randall Neu, Marquette University,
Electrical/Computer Engineering
1oshua Sampsel, University oI Toledo,
Chemical Engineering
Iddrisu Seidu, Cleveland State Univer-
sity, Mechanical Engineering
1ames Short, University oI Michigan,
Civil Engineering
Marissa Singley, Ohio University, Me-
chanical Engineering
William Smythe, Case Western Re-
serve University, Materials Engineering
FIERF continues to support IiIteen stu-
dents awarded scholarships in 2011.
Among this year`s Finkl Scholarship
recipients are Iour students now working
as interns with FIA members. 'I would
like to thank you and everyone else in-
volved in the Charles W. Finkl Scholar-
ship program, John Agrusa oIIered. 'I
have been working in the Iorging indus-
try, at Formtech Industries IIC, since
June 2011. I am currently an engineering
intern and have been helping engineer the
tooling Ior many diIIerent car parts. . I
am very excited to receive my bachelor`s
degree, and to start a career in the Iorging
industry.
OPPORTUNITIES/
FUNDAMENTALS
SEPTEMBER 18-19,
PITTSBURGH
F
orging and supplier sales and mar-
keting executives are encouraged to
attend the 2012 FIA Marketing Work-
shop at the Sheraton Station Square
Hotel in Pittsburgh. Sean Coyle oI Peak
PerIormance Management will address
the subject oI 'Maintaining EIIicient
Customer Service in the Modern Age.
This will be Iollowed by a presentation
on 'Opportunities and Threats Ior Sup-
pliers to the Shale Gas Industry, and
then a Material Supplier Panel discuss-
ing Iactors that inI luence pricing and
delivery lead times, and immediate and
long-term opportunities / threats Irom
oIIshore material suppliers.
The second day wi l l begi n wit h
a how to` on Usi ng Social Media
and New Marketing Tools in a B2B
Environment.s` A one-to-one consul-
tation to review interested attendees`
electronic marketing programs will be
available that day, at no charge. The
concluding presentation by IHS Global
Insight will be an in-depth look at Iorg-
ing customer markets, where they are
heading, and the impact on open-die,
impression and rolled rings sales Ior the
coming Iive years.
Register online at www.Iorging.org.
FIA Calendar
First Line Supervisory
Development Seminar
September 24-27, 2012
Cleveland
Theory & Applications of
Forging & Die Design School
October 29-November 1
Cleveland
Hammer Maintenance
Workshop
October 16-17, 2012
Cleveland
Fall Meeting of Members
October 22-23, 2012
Las Vegas
Forge Fair 2013
March 26-28, 2013
Columbus, OH
FIA 100th Anniversary
Annual Meeting
May 4-6, 2013
San Diego
For information on FIA events, visit
www.forging.org, or contact George
Layne, glayne@forging.org
the complete range
for the forging industry
OsIsIrasse 1
D-77694 KehI
Germany
Phone +49 7851 93 76-0
fax +49 7851 93 76-76
in!opressIrade.com
www.pressIrade.com
N E W S M A K E R S
SIMUFACT ENGINEERING
NAMES TWO EXECS
SoItware developer SimuIact Engi-
neering GmbH named a new project man-
ager Ior its products that target simulation
oI joining technologies. Dr. Ulrike Beyer
will Iocus on business development in that
sector. She studied mechanical engineer-
ing and industrial engineering at Germa-
ny`s Technical University oI Chemnitz and
graduated summa cum
laude with her Ph.D. in
multi-material joining.
ProIessionally, Dr.
Beyer worked at the
FraunhoIer Institute
Ior Machine Tools and
Forming Technology
in Chemnitz and at
T-Systems GmbH in
Berlin. With SimuIact,
she will be working on
numerical simulation
oI mechanical, chemi-
cal, and thermal join-
ing technologies.
Al s o, Si muI act
chose Volker Mensing
as its new director oI
marketing and com-
muni cat ions, wi t h
responsibility Ior de-
velopment and internationalization oI the
company`s communication and marketing
activities.
Mensing holds a graduate degree in
education and he has been engaged in pub-
lic relations and marketing in the IT sec-
tor Ior more than 15 years. BeIore joining
SimuIact, Mensing was the head oI the
marketing and communications team at
TUI InIoTec, a Hannover based IT service
provider. Prior to that, he was director oI
communications at Werum SoItware &
Systems AG in Iueneburg, Germany, Ior
more than nine years.
'Dr. Ulrike Beyer and Volker Mensing
are both experts in their speciIic Iields and
will contribute with valuable suggestions
and ideas to the growth oI our company,
stated Michael Wohlmuth, managing di-
rector oI SimuIact Engineering. 'On the
one hand, we see a growing interest oI our
customers in the optimization oI their join-
ing technologies that we want to address
with suited simulation solutions. On the
other hand, we want to implement proIes-
sional communication and speciIic mar-
keting activities to improve the eIIiciency
oI our international image and to Iacilitate
direct communication with our customers.
UNIVERSAL STAINLESS CHAIR
TABBED AS ENTREPRENEUR
OF THE YEAR
Universal Stainless & Alloy Products
Inc. chairman Dennis M. Oates is among
the honorees Ior Ernst & Young`s Entre-
preneur of the Year 2012 Award. The an-
nual presentation recognizes 'entrepre-
neurs who demonstrate excellence and
extraordinary success in innovation, Ii-
nancial perIormance, and personal com-
mitment to their businesses and com-
munities. The selection was made by an
independent panel.
Oates, who also is president and CEO
Ior the Bridgeville, PA, specialty steel, tool
steel, and semi-Iinished and Iinished prod-
ucts, was selected as the award`s winner
in the Industrial Prod-
ucts and Services cat-
egory Ior the Western
Pennsylvani a and
West Virginia region.
He is now eligible Ior
the National Entre-
preneur oI the Year
2012 Award.
The award rec-
ognizes outstanding
ent repreneurs who
demonstrate excellence and extraordinary
success in areas such as innovation, Iinan-
cial perIormance and personal commit-
ment to their businesses and communities.
'I am deeply honored to have re-
ceived this prestigious award Irom Ernst
& Young, stated Oates. 'While I am the
named winner, however, this award is
truly recognition oI the hard work, drive
and determination oI 725 dedicated indi-
viduals making up the Universal Stain-
less Iamily. Working together, we continue
to prove that both U.S. manuIacturing in
general and specialty steel manuIacturing
speciIically are playing a very vital role
today evidenced by the Iact that Uni-
versal Stainless is growing, solidly proIit-
able, adding jobs and competitively strong
globally.
MAJOR SUCCESS FOR INGOT
CASTING/ FORGING EVENT
Germany`s Steel Institute VDEh reports
that its recent International ConIerence on
Ingot Casting, Forging and Rolling 2012
(ICRF 2012) drew 450 participants Irom
31 nations over Iour days in early June. The
event in Aachen Ieatured almost 100 pre-
sentations on topics that included metal-
lurgy oI ingot casting; remelting; measur-
ing and testing technology; product quality;
mold design; additives and reIractories;
open-die Iorging; ingot and ring rolling;
simulation; and technology and metallurgy.
'With a 6 global share oI world crude
steel production, ingot casting remains es-
sential Ior the Iuture production oI steel
specialties Ior innovative niche applications
in energy technology, aerospace, oIIshore
technology, toolmaking, and mechanical
engineering, as well as in medical technol-
ogy, VDEh reported. 'For the key players
in steel production, the supplier industry,
research and steel processing, the newly
created ICRF is an important Iorum Ior sci-
entiIic and technical exchange.
In addition to the conIerence program
the event drew 28 exhibitors, including
AID Vacuum Technologies, SMS Group,
SimuIact Engineering and Vesuvius.
The ICRF will be hosted by the Asso-
ziazione Italiana di Metalurgia (AIM), in
2015. 'The positive response shows us that
we arranged the Iirst ICRF at the right time
and right place, stated Dr.-Ing. Reinhard
Fandrich, manager - Steel Production and
Metallurgical Fundamentals at VDEh.
'Certainly the next ICRF in Italy will be
a similar success. The Ingot Casting Com-
mittee oI the VDEh will gladly support the
Italian colleagues.
Beyer
Mensing
Oates
The International Conference on
Ingot Casting, Forging, and Roll-
ing drew 450 participants for over
100 presentations and exhibits.
O U R PA S S I O N F O R ME T A L S
For more than 70 years, Elotherm has been a leader in
the design and production of high-performance induction
heating systems. Our solutions are used in automotive,
aerospace, military, mining, construction, energy,
agriculture, steel, and tube & pipe applications, as well
as in many others. With a North American team that
services the United States, Canada and Mexico, Elotherm
is ready to help.
Whether youre heating powertrain components, billets,
bars, tubes or other shapes, our technology gives you
superior quality for:
Heating
Welding
Heat Treating
Induction Surface Hardening
Adding depth to our capabilities is the recent consolidation
with Tech Induction, North Americas largest coil design
and repair facility, leading the way in developing innovative
solutions that help customers streamline their processes.
This pairing makes us a one-stop shop for service thats
available 24/7/365 to help ensure the reliability of your
critical operations.
Put Our Team on Your Team with a Lineup
of Induction Heating & Heat Treating Solutions
Our services include:
Coil Management
Field & Factory Service
Remanufacturing & Rebuilds
Emergency & Routine Repair
Inspections & Documentation
With expansive facilities near Detroit and Indianapolis
housing design and production teams that set the industry
standards for innovation, dependability, quality and
service, Tech Inductions dedicated team of experienced
professionals strengthens our position as a vertically
integrated OEM.
Together, Elotherm and Tech Induction have the ability
to give you an unmatched combination of technology,
equipment and support that helps you stay competitive
in these challenging times.
If you play to win, call George Burnet at 724.553.3471,
e-mail g.burnet@sms-elotherm.com or visit
www.sms-elotherm.com
E X C E L L E N C E I N M A N U F A C T U R I N G
Elotherm North America
210 West Kensinger Drive, Suite 300
Cranberry Township, PA 16066
g.burnet@sms-elotherm.com
P: 877.735.6843
Tech Induction
13129 23 Mile Road
Shelby Township MI 48315
sales@techinduction.com
P: 586.469.8324
www.techinduction.com
Tech Induction leads the way with
innovative solutions that combine
technology, engineering expertise
and service to help customers
optimize their processes and
improve bottom line results.
SMS Elotherms EloCrank
series was designed for hardening
crankshafts. EloFlex series
equipment hardens steering, axle
and gear components, as well
as many other products.
Tech Inductions 50 dedicated team
members are committed to meeting
the needs of our customers.

The consolidation of Elotherm and
Tech Induction is an outstanding
example of the whole being greater
than the sum of the parts. While
each company has a different set of
complementary strengths, we share
a set of common beliefs, including:
Innovative thinking and engineering
excellence are the keys to growth
Every customer deserves an ideal
solution thats tailored to the
specic application
A work environment that encourages
ongoing teamwork is vital to the success
of our customers and ourselves.
Elotherm and Tech Induction. Two great
companies are now a single source for all
of your induction heating needs.
The professionals at Elotherm
and Tech Induction use their technical
know-how to help our customers
improve productivity and quality.
See us at
INDUCTION
HEAT
TREATING
COIL
BY S.P. SHENOY
H
eat treatment is an important step in the manuIac-
turing oI engineering components, machine parts
and tools. Oxidation and decarburization oI steel
will take place when steel is heated in an electric
Iurnace or oil-Iired Iurnace, in the presence oI
air or products oI combustion. Oxidation leads to numerous
problems, like scale pit marks, loss oI dimensions, poor quality
surIace Iinish, quench cracking, an increase in expensive pro-
cessing (like shot blasting, machining and acid pickling) and
even to rejection oI Iinished products.
Protection against scaling and decarburization is achieved
by heating in molten salts, Iluidized bed Iurnaces, protective
gaseous media, or vacuum Iurnaces. These measures demand
signiIicant capital investment, highly skilled personnel, and
special saIety precautions. Many companies cannot aIIord
them, and yet they are under mounting pressure to prevent oxi-
dation and decarburization.
This article introduces a practical technique that enables any
kind oI steel to be heated without the basic problems oI oxida-
tion and decarburization. Discussed technique, established in a
number oI hot Iorging units, heat treatment shops and hot roll-
ing mills, can be adopted by both small and large scale units.
HEAT TREATING
COST REDUCTIONS
Due to Protective Coatings
Figure 1. The gear-end section of a crankshaft is
prone to quench cracking.
A practical technique
for heating any kind
of steel without the
problems associated
with oxidation and
decarburization.
FORGINGMAGAZINE.COM I FORGING I 19
O
2
+ 2 Fe 2 FeO
O
2
+ 4 FeO 2 Fe
2
+O
3
CO
2
+ Fe CO+FeO
CO
2
+ 3 FeO Fe3O4+CO
Table 1. Oxidation
O
2
+ C CO
2
O
2
+ Fe
3
C 3 Fe+CO
2
CO
2
+ C 2 CO
CO
2
+ Fe
3
C 2 CO+3Fe
H
2
O

+ Fe
3
C CO

+ H
2
+3 Fe
Table 2. Decarburization
Scrap

Ability to salvage the rejected
components
Salvage by Re-Heat
Treatment
Using protective
Coating
Rejected Components
(Heat Treated)
(Metallurgical Reasons)
Diagram 1.
Understanding Oxidation and
Decarburization
When steel is heated in an open Iurnace
in the presence oI air or products oI com-
bustion, two surIace phenomena will take
place, oxidation and decarburization. Oxi-
dation oI steel is caused by oxygen, carbon
dioxide and/or water vapor. The general
reactions are given in Table 1.
Oxidation oI steel may range Irom a
tight, adherent straw-colored Iilm that
Iorms at a temperature oI about 180C to
a loose, blue-black oxide scale that Iorms
at temperature above about 450C, with
resultant loss oI metal.
Decarburization or depletion oI sur-
Iace carbon content takes place when
steel is heated to temperatures above
650C. It progresses as a Iunction oI
time, temperature and Iurnace atmo-
sphere. The typical reactions involved
are shown in Table 2.
The equilibrium relationship depends
on the ratio oI carbon dioxide to carbon
monoxide. It is neutral to a given carbon
content at a given temperature.
The eIIects oI oxidation and decarbu-
rization range Irom physical to economi-
cal, and include
Deteriorated surIace quality due to pitting.
Ioss oI material and dimensions as ex-
tra material allowance needs to be kept
Ior scaling.
Non-uniIorm metallurgical transIor-
mation during austenitizing and subse-
quent quenching. Iowered surIace hard-
ness and strength due to layer oI scaling.
Benefits of Anti-Scale Coating
Use oI protective coating has been Iound
beneIicial and cost-eIIective. An anti-scale
coating is applied on components or bil-
lets to be heated beIore charging them into
Iurnace. This anti-scale coating acts as a
barrier between oxygen and metal. Care is
taken to apply a uniIorm, impervious layer
oI coating by brushing, dipping or spray-
ing on the component to be heated beIore
charging them into Iurnace. It is allowed to
dry Ior 30 minutes at an ambient tempera-
ture oI 35 C. This anti-scale coating acts as
a barrier to the basic reactions oI oxidation
and decarburization.
Coating ensures prevention oI scaling
and decarburization. For exceptionally long
Reduced Iatigue st rength oI heat
treated product (especially true in case
oI automobile leaI springs.)
Costly and time consuming opera-
tions like shot blasting, pickling and
grinding to remove scaling and remove
decarburized layer.
Preventing oxidation and decarburi-
zation is not only better than any cure, it
is proIitable, too.
There are several ways to address
problems caused by the two harmIul re-
actions. Decarburized surIace removal
by machining operations aIter heat
treatment, copper plating oI thickness
up to 0.025 mm prior to heat treatment,
or change oI heating media to molten salt
bath, are some ideas. A number oI pro-
tective atmospheres may be introduced
like liquid hydrocarbon, dissociated am-
monia, exothermic gas, nitrogen and en-
dothermic gas. Fluidized bed Iurnaces
and vacuum Iurnaces have also proven
to reduce scaling. Switching to grades
that do not require heat treatment is pos-
sible in rare cases.
However, most oI these proposed
solutions pose a number oI problems
or practical diIIiculties. Availability
oI capital and human resource Ior us-
ing high-end Iurnaces is a major issue.
Many small heat-treatment shops cannot
aIIord these solutions. Yet, they are un-
der mounting pressure to prevent oxida-
tion and decarburization. Using protec-
tive anti-scale coating has proven to be a
logical solution to the problem oI scaling
and decarburization.
HOT FORMING
elbow, tee, reducer,
cap, stub end,
return bend grades:
aisi-304, 304l,
316, 316l,
321, 321h,
347, 347h

Solution
Annealing

Bufng
Buffng can be
eliminated in many
cases. hence quicker
deliveries

Pickling
Pickling time is
reduced by 75%
Pickling
Inspection
Shipping
Benefits of using coating in
processing of stainless steel pipe
fittings.
Conventional Coating
Method Process
HOT FORMING
elbow, tee, reducer,
cap, stub end,
return bend grades:
aisi-304, 304l,
316, 316l,
321, 321h,
347, 347h
Solution
Annealing
Inspection
Shipping
Diagram 2.
heat treatment cycles oI 10 to 15 hours, the
extent oI scaling and decarburization mech-
anism is substantially reduced. Anti-scale
coating also reduces decarburization on
billets and ingots during hot Iorging and
hot rolling operations. Heat transIer Irom
heating media to metal is not aIIected due to
anti-scale coating.
Other advantages oI using coating in-
clude: no reaction with steel surIace, no re-
lease oI toxic Iumes during use or heat treat-
ment or storage, and the implementation
is non-hazardous and economical. Coated
tools and components must be able to be
heat treated in air using a box type or bogie
hearth; electric, gas or oil Iired Iurnace.
Table 3 shows the eIIicacy oI the coat-
ing in an electric Iurnace. Coating elimi-
nates the need Ior salt bath or controlled-
atmosphere equipment in many cases.
Considerable savings in capital investment
and operating costs are enabled by use oI
anti-scale coating. Due to prevention oI
decarburization, uniIorm surIace hard-
ness is achieved, and components that
might otherwise be rejected components
can be salvaged (Diagram 1). Consider-
able savings are possible when plates oI
expensive alloy steel can be re-heat treated
by using the anti-scale coating.
Diagram 2 explains the beneIits oI using
coating during hot Iorming and solution
annealing oI stainless steel pipe Iittings.
Due to prevention oI oxidation even in an
ordinary oil Iired Iurnace, pickling time
could be reduced by 75. BuIIing can be
eliminated or minimized in many cases. In
manuIacturing process oI shearing blades
oI expensive high carbon, high chromium
grade steel, grinding allowance is substan-
tially reduced when protective coating is
used during heat treatment.
Diagram 3 shows the substantial increase
in productivity due to use oI anti-scale coat-
ing, as steel plates could be prevented Irom
adherent scaling, thereby reducing the shot
blasting operation to bare minimum. KniIe
and sword makers will Iind this to be a ben-
eIicial technique to reducing long grinding
time aIter heat treatment and substantially
reduce decarburization. Some other distinct
case studies are listed here.
Preventing quench cracks Forgings
like knuckle joints and crankshaIts, when
heat treated in Iurnaces oI oxidizing atmo-
sphere are susceptible to quench cracking.
Quench cracks appear when stresses gen-
erated during quenching are higher than
tensile strength oI thin sections oI Iorgings,
and due to diIIerential quench severity at
diIIerent areas. Chrome-moly grades oI
steel are most susceptible to quench cracks,
which usually occur in the gear-end portion
oI the crankshaIt. (Figure 1).
Similarly, quench cracks occur on the
stem portion oI steering knuckles. (Fig-
ure 2) Quench cracking is prevented by
protecting the gear-end and stem portion
Conventional Coating
Method Process
Steel Plates
Shot Blast
Anneal
Anneal after using
protective coating
Dispatch
Productivity improvement due to
substantially reduced scaling in heat
treatment of steel plates.
Steel Plates
Light Shot Blast
Shot Blast
Dispatch
Shot Blast
Diagram 3.
Figure 4. For pressure vessels,
critical valve areas may be protected
during heat treatment. In this
example, coating was applied to the
white colored areas.
Figure 2. The stem portion of a
steering knuckle is prone to quench
cracking.
Figure 3. A fully machined spindle
re-heat treated by applying anti-scale
compound. No scaling observed, and
the aesthetic appeal is maintained.
Type of furnace used: ................... Box type, electric.
Test Coupon dimensions : ........... 300 mm X 100 mm X 10 mm
Grade of steel: .............................. AISI 1010
Heat treatment cycle: ................... 1000C / 4 hrs / air cool
% scale loss when not coated: .... 5.52
% scale loss when coated: .......... 0.70
Table 3. Efcacy of Protective Coating.
EHS TODAYS AMERICAS SAFEST COMPANIES CONFERENCE
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Safety & Health
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Awards Luncheon
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EHS/Safety Director
or Manager
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WHY ATTEND:
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effectiveness
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BONUS: IMTS Exhibit Hall Pass Included
Salvaging forgings during re-heating
for hot forging Re-heating or re-work-
ing oI Iorgings is required due to underIill,
improper metal Iormation, and similar rea-
sons. However, with stringent dimensional
tolerances, there is a risk oI components
being scrapped due to excessive scaling
(Figure 5). Anti-scale coating, when ap-
plied to Iorgings beIore re-heating Ior re-
working, ensures minimal or no scaling,
thereby eliminating the risk oI scrapping
components during re-working (Figure 6).
Reducing decarburization during
hot forging and hot rolling Dur-
ing hot rolling oI special grades oI steel
where decarburization needs to be kept
in check, unIoreseen conditions like mill
breakdown and unplanned downtime may
arise. Even when the plant is closed Ior the
weekend, the Iurnace is shut oII abruptly,
leaving billets within it. In these cases,
billets or ingots are leIt in Iurnace and are
subjected to prolonged heating that leads
to decarburization. In both cases, applying
an anti-scale coating ensures that billets
are protected Irom decarburization. En-
suring consistent reduction in decarburi-
zation is a boon in hot rolling.
Summary
Using protective coating has been es-
tablished as an eIIective technique Ior
preventing oxidation and decarburization
during heat treatment, hot Iorging, and
hot rolling.
It has resulted in a number oI additional
beneIits, including the ability to salvage
products by re-heat treatment, and elimi-
nating post-heat treatment operations like
grinding, shot blasting, acid pickling, etc.
The coating process has simpliIied and
accelerated many metallurgical heat treat-
ment operations, with considerable sav-
ings in capital investment, reduced costs,
and improvements in Iinished product
quality.
S.P. Shenoy earned a degree as Master
of Technology (Metallurgical Engineering)
at the Indian Institute of Technology. He is
an experienced metallurgist and the CEO
of Steel Plant Specialities - a supplier of
metal processing compounds, coatings,
and lubricants (www.steelplantspeciali-
ties.com). He will make a presentation on
this subject at Stainless Steel World Amer-
icas Conference & Expo, October 16-17,
2012, in Houston (www.ssw-americas.
com/events.)
oI both these Iorgings with anti-scale coat-
ing. In India, respected Iorgers oI the larg-
est crankshaIts use this technique.
Reducing shot blasting, acid pickling
time after heat treatment Operations
like shot blasting, grinding, acid pickling,
etc., do not add value to the Iinished prod-
uct, and are expensive and time-consum-
ing too. These operations are necessary
to remove adherent scaling Irom compo-
nents and to enhance the aesthetic appeal
oI the Iorgings. The time required Ior these
operations can be substantially reduced iI
a coating is applied on components beIore
heat treatment. The visual appearance oI
the components is automatically enhanced
without much eIIort as scaling is either
prevented or reduced by using anti-scale
coating. (Diagram 3.)
Heat-treating pressure vessels
Valve areas oI pressure vessels are critical
and need to be protected Irom scaling dur-
ing thermal cleaning and heat treatment.
This is achieved by applying anti-scale
coating only on areas where scaling needs
to be prevented (Figure 4.)
Figure 5. Pit marks that formed due to scaling during re-heating for re-working
can be observed .
Figure 6. This part was coated prior to re-heating with a protective anti-scale
coating and shows no pit marks, as scale formation was prevented.
29th FORGING INDUSTRY
TECHNICAL CONFERENCE
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
Forging industry CEOs, plant managers, technology
directors and managers, plant and chief engineers,
engineering managers, metallurgists, professors and
principals from the research and associated government
agencies are encouraged to attend this conference.
Marriott, Downtown Cleveland at Key Center, Ohio
The Industry Technical Conference is designed to showcase the best in forging
technology. This years conference will be offering 34 papers presented by
forging industry experts, international researchers, and individuals from academia.
To provide a platform of discussion for both, Newly Applied Technology and
Research, and to accommodate the different levels of experience, dual tracks on
day 2 will be offered for the first time.
Also offered will be Roundtables for focused discussion on topics of interest.
Objective of the conference is to report out FIERF funded research projects and
industry collaborative group results; discussion of case studies; provide a forum
for students and professors to present their forging research; and provide a
networking opportunity between industry, academia and research partners.
For further information and
registration details go to:
www.forging.org/events/
tech-conference
216.781.6260 U www.forging.org
'Manufacturing technologv` is driving forge shops and machine shops together, and
a range of new machining functions is rewarding their efforts.
SETTING UP THE
BIG FINISH
The most obvious Iactor driving Iorging and machining op-
erations together is cost: the value oI a product is enhanced signiIi-
cantly iI it is delivered to an OEM with as much precision in the Ii-
nal stages oI production as there is in its design and manuIacturing.
But beyond money, important engineering issues are convert-
ing Iorgers into machining specialists. First, materials are more
highly engineered, and higher-value, and diIIicult-to-machine Ior
the average job shop. The Iorger that understands the material`s
speciIications might just as well complete the job. This is especially
recognizable in markets like aerospace and deIense, where the
W
hen FORGING asked readers to describe the scope
oI their operations, 70 oI the respondents revealed
they have onsite machining capability and nearly
75 oI all Iorging operations we surveyed reported
they intend to have the means to perIorm precision Iinishing by
2015. It`s not just machining: today`s Iorgers are Iull-spectrum
product designers and producers, oIIering capabilities like Iabri-
cating and welding, and assembling Iinished products. They`re
Iorgers, but they`re much more than Iorging operations. They`re
engaged in 'manuIacturing technology.
As it happens, manuIacturing technology is the label that ma-
chining operations have adopted Ior themselves over the past de-
cade aiming to describe the array oI capabilities that are required
Ior an operation to produce high-value component parts. There is a
convergence oI purposes here, and more important there is a con-
solidation oI activities.
This EMAG vertical center finishes gears with a combination of
grinding and turning, using two spindles and a turret. Its an example
of multitask machining one of the emerging trends in finishing
processes that is changing the scope of activities for forging
operations.
King Awards
Competition
New Equipment Digest
The awards honors superior industrial product
innovation and showcases the best new products
program introduced in 2012.
PRODUCT CATEGORIES
The King Awards will recognize Gold, Silver and
Bronze winners in up to 11 categories:
Assembly/Fastening/Tools
Controls & Instruments
Electrical/Electronics
Facilities/ Maintenance/Plant Operations
Fluid/Pneumatic Power
Material Handling
Metalworking
Motion Control
Packaging Equipment & Supplies
Process Equipment
Safety
Recognizing industrys best new products
DEADLINE DECEMBER 7, 2012
YOUR EXPOSURE AND BENEFITS
Special tabloid showcase in the February 2013 issue
Dedicated online voting website
Online voting promoted via eNewsleters,
website ads and eBlasts
SHOWCASING OUR WINNERS
Special tabloid showcase in the
April 2013 issue
The winning products will be
featured in the IW Best Plants
Conference program guide
Online exposure via website,
eNewsletters and eBlasts
Social media
Ability to identify yourself as a leader in
the manufacturing industry
Last year
over 7,000
votes were
casted!
If your products were or will be introduced to the
market between Jan. 1, 2012 and Dec. 1 2012, they
are eligible for this years King Awards Competition.
Go to www.NewEquipment.com/KingAwardsEntry
proprietary Ieatures oI materials are increasingly important to suc-
cessIul machining.
But, successIul machining demands at least as much planning
and preparation as other 'manuIacturing technologies. Accord-
ing to ProI. Dr.-Ing. Eberhard Abele, head oI the Institute Ior
Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools (PTW)
at Germany`s Darmstadt Technical University, the principal tech-
nological challenges Ior manuIacturers now and in the near Iuture
will be mastering cost-eIIective, reliable machining oI new materi-
als and products.
'The next Iew years in aerospace will be characterized by com-
posite materials, but also by the increased use oI titanium materi-
als, he said 'Machining oI these materials calls Ior new tool tech-
nologies, especially also new machine tool conIigurations, which
have been optimized to machine these materials.
Integrating diIIerent production processes is another important
trend, and Abele indicated this is an opening Ior manuIacturers to
demonstrate improvements. 'Retooling and set-up time is reduced,
production times are shortened and potential deIects are reduced,
the proIessor said, 'and this helps substantially to lower unit costs,
according to the proIessor.
Abele noted this point is closely related to many oI the questions
directed to his research center. 'Ultimately, it`s always a question oI
the productivity and quality oI a metal cutting process, Iirstly pro-
duction technology aspects such as the design oI tools and produc-
tion processes, and secondly new spindle developments and the use
oI industrial robots Ior simpler machining tasks, he said
Machine designers and builders are up to the task. Recent years
have seen the introduction oI a Iull portIolio oI process capa-
bilities, none more important than 'multi-tasking combining
several diIIerent machining technologies and processes on a single
platIorm.
High-speed cutting is another technology that`s changing ma-
chining: cutting materials are growing more eIIective, and cost-
eIIective, to match the hardness oI materials.
Advances in automation and process control are important to
the eIIort, too. In particular, multi-core processing is allowing ma-
chines to digest increasingly higher volumes oI data and to manage
it speedily and eIIectively. It`s the reason that multi-tasking ma-
chines can execute tasks as programmed, in three-, Iive-, seven- or
more axes, as component parts increase in complexity.
'ManuIacturing technology also has been assumed into the
title oI the most important exhibition this year, the International
ManuIacturing Technology Show in Chicago, September 10-15.
(www.imts.org). All oI the current developments and emerging
trends in machining, Ior Iorge shops or any shop, will be on exhibit.
IMTS is largest and longest-running trade show Ior manuIactur-
ing in the U.S., and takes place every other year at Chicago`s Mc-
Cormick Place. It`s Iorecast to draw more than 80,000 visitors Irom
an estimated 120 countries. Undoubtedly many oI those visitors
will represent Iorging operations, manuIacturers interested to learn
the technologies and systems available to help their enterprises
grow and to learn what trends may drive that growth.
We know Irom our research that FORGING readers are lined up
to supply the most dynamic downstream markets: aerospace (44),
automotive (36), deIense (40), heavy equipment/commercial
trucks (50), medical/surgical equipment (12), and power gen-
eration industries (13). They have the same interest to learn the
ideas shaping their supply chain and the trends emerging about
their markets in the Iuture.
N E W P R O D U C T S
Multi-Position 3D
Laser Inspection
NEXTEC IASER METROIOGY
IIC is oIIering a 3D multi-position la-
ser inspection system WIZinspect
that allows manuIacturers to improve the
quality control process with more speed
and higher precision, while lowering cost
and setup time. It can be integrated with
Iactory Iloor automation to provide an
in-process turnkey inspection solution
where users can achieve 100 inspection
oI components, even in high productiv-
ity environments such as automotive and
other high-volume industries.
WIZinspect is based upon Nextec`s vi-
sion and laser technologies, wtih patented
optics and image processing Ior Iast, ac-
curate and reliable scanning and geomet-
ric measurements. The large dynamic
range and high accuracy oI the probe
make it easy to set up the alignment loop
and measurement paths to collect hun-
dreds oI points quickly and accurately.
This WIZinspect solution provides a total
system precision oI less than 14 microns.
With WIZinspect, a new part is easy
to program and setup in the system with
the user-Iriendly soIt keys soItware and
the part CAD model. The WIZinspect
system perIorms part alignment, inspects
all required dimensions and delivers de-
tailed reports oI the measured dimen-
sions plus success or Iailure output based
on relevant part tolerances.
To accommodate varying part geom-
etries and sizes, Nextec supplies a variety
oI 3-axis motion platIorms and optional
rotary tables.
www.nextec-wiz.com
Automatic Bandsaw
for Aluminum
BEHRINGER introduced its HBM-
800AIU bandsaw Ior high-speed cutting
oI aluminum and other nonIerrous materi-
als, with Iully automatic Ieatures and cut-
ting capability with bi-metal or carbide-
tipped saw blades. AIter loading stock, the
machine continually manages all aspects
oI the process and provides real-time cut-
ting data that is displayed at the operator
terminal. It uses a 30-hp motor, whereas
most circular saws with the same cutting
New Simulation Modules
for Open-Die Forging
and Ring Rolling
SIMUFACT ENGINEERING recently introduced
SimuIact.Iorming 11, the latest version oI its soItware
Ior Iorming simulation and reportedly oIIering more
Iunctionality Ior a broader range oI applications, but
simpliIied Ior easier use by manuIacturing operators.
'With the new SimuIact soItware releases, companies
aiming to link various production processes in the
process chain (Irom semi-Iinished material to Iinished
component) have come closer to their goal oI an in-
tegrated, cross-process approach in the simulation oI
entire process chains, the supplier stated.
SimuIact.Iorming 11 includes new modules Ior
open-die Iorging and ring rolling. Application-speciIic
Iunctionalities like Iully automated processing oI a complete
pass schedule in open-die or radial Iorging, and the consider-
ation oI the manuIacturer`s kinematic concepts in ring rolling,
help the user to model and simulate all possible processes and
conditions oI these production processes.
Thanks to new possibilities in result-dependant, Iorce- and
path-controlled processing, as well as an optional, method-re-
lated calculation oI the structural transIormation during Iorging,
these new special modules are critical tools Ior companies that
use ring rolling and open die Iorging.
By oIIering improved possibilities Ior networking and evalua-
tion, SimuIact.Iorming 11 eases the engineer`s tasks Ior tool and
process development. The 'optimization Ieature allows simple
testing oI process options and promises substantial time savings
Ior deIining best process design. Highlights include the Ilexible
description oI thermo-physical boundary and initial conditions,
and the automated reporting in pre- and post-processing.
www.simufact.com
shipping cases, the Vantage is packaged with an all-new
backpack and roller board, so it can be transported anywhere,
anytime, quickly and conveniently.
Two oI the new Ieatures Iound only in the Vantage SmartFind
and MultiView increase productivity by reducing measurement
time. The SmartFind system responds to simple gestures Irom the
operator and allows the Vantage to Iind the desired target quickly
whenever its beam is lost or broken. The patent-pending MultiV-
iew system uses two integrated cameras so the operators can point
automatically to speciIic, diIIicult-to-reach targets.
Another new Ieature is the water- and dust-resistant IP52
rating, so operators can rely on the Vantage through precipita-
tion and moisture that can cause other laser trackers to Iail.
The device`s TruADM technology provides accuracy needed
Ior everyday applications where the diIIerences between
absolute distance measurement (ADM) and interIerometer
(IFM)-based measurements are, Ior the most part, insig-
niIicant. Unlike technologies that require an IFM system to
assist their ADM system, FARO`s TruADM simpliIies the
process. Enhanced, predictive algorithms in this patented,
IiIth-generation technology allow quicker capture oI dynamic
measurements by simply scanning with the target.
www.faro.com
range capability require a more expensive 100-150 hp motor.
The new saw oIIers numerous Ieatures Ior eIIiciency and cost-
eIIectiveness, and readily handles material sizes oI up to 31.4-in.
diameter round and 31.431.4-in. square. Iike its predecessor,
the HBM540A bandsaw, the new HBM800AIU Ieatures high
drive output levels and Iast cutting speed capability to meet the
perIormance, precision and cut quality standards associated with
aluminum cutting.
The machine`s electronic control system contains several pro-
grammable Iunctions engineered Ior eIIiciency. For example, the
saw blade speed and Ieed rates are ramped up aIter initial penetra-
tion and ramped down as the blade exits the material. This prevents
damage to the blade by assuring that the entry and exit oI the alu-
minum is controlled and accurate.
The HBM800AIU`s Irame has a cast iron construction that
reduces vibrations and enhances torsion resistance during cutting.
This provides higher band tensioning and precision movement,
delivering Ilat cuts and tight tolerances.
www.behringersaws.com
Compact Laser Tracker
FARO TECHNOIOGIES INC.`s new Vantage laser tracker
has design Iunctions that expedite measurement routines Ior
speed and eIIiciency, and the reductions in size and weight
make it possible Ior the device to
be carried on board an airplane and
stored in an overhead bin. Though
the Vant age is 25 smaller and
28 lighter than its predecessor,
FARO has included new in-line
optic systems that improve long-
range measurement by 45 to up
to 80 meters (160 m diameter). In-
tegrated Wi-Fi eliminates tether-
ing to laptops. The result is a por-
table t racker that capt ures more
measurements with Iewer device
moves, and shorter routines, than
ever beIore. Along with standard
new catalog available:
www.superboII.com
www.nord-Iock.com
The Nord-Lock Group is a world
leader in bolt securing. Our
innovative solutions include
wedge-locking technology and
Superbolt tensioners. Discover
safe and easy bolting for your
critical applications today!
Your trusted partner
for boIIed joinIs
U S E F U L L I T E R A T U R E
Explaining Adhesives
Technologies, Benefits
The Adhesive Sourcebook, Volume
12 Irom HENKEI CORP. is a compre-
hensive 202-page guide to Ioctite
ad-
hesives, sealants,
lubr icant s, coat-
ings, and dispens-
ing/curing equip-
ment Ior industrial
ma nuI a c t u r i ng
and maintenance.
Opening with an
explanation as to
why design engi-
neers and mai n-
t enance proIessional s should use
adhesives to replace or enhance the
perIormance oI mechanical Iasteners,
the updated and redesigned sourcebook
Ieatures technical inIormation on over
1,200 products and includes decision
trees` to guide the selection process. The
easy-to-use Sourcebook is organized by
industrial application categories: bond-
ing, coatings, Ilooring/concrete repair,
gasketing/sealing, lubricating, machin-
ing compounds, potting/encapsulating,
repairing/rebuilding/restoring, retain-
ing, surIace cleaning, threadlocking,
thread sealing, toolboxes/specialty kits,
medical device solutions, and equip-
ment. Each category Ieatures easy-to-
use product selector guides, typical ap-
plications, and inIormation on primers,
accelerators, and dispensing/curing
equipment options. Selector guides pro-
vide product descriptions and technical
inIormation in an at-a-glance Iormat.
www.henkelna.com/asb
Partners for Bolted Joints
The Nord-Iock Group oIIers a com-
bination oI bolting expertise and a wide
product range, including wedge-locking
solutions and SUPERBOIT tension-
er s. The new
'Multi-jackbolt
tensioners (MJTs)
standard range
Superbolt catalog
highlights one oI
the most innova-
tive technologies
available Ior tight-
ening bolts and
studs. MJTs oIIer
simple and cost eIIective tightening, and
have been proven in the Iield in every ma-
jor industry, all over the world. This new
edition contains technical inIormation on
the new standard global range oI MJTs,
and how using this technology can help
increase worker saIety and saIeguard cus-
tomer investments. Multi- jackbolt tension-
ers retroIit your existing nuts and bolts and
require only hand/air tools to tension ac-
curately and quickly. The release is avail-
able by request, and in digital Iorm at:
www.nord-lock.com
or www.superbolt.com
Air Pollution Control,
Product and Heat Recovery
BIONOMIC INDUSTRIES INC., a
manuIacturer oI air-pollution abatement,
product and heat-recovery technologies,
is oIIering an updated and expanded ver-
sion oI its comprehensive product guide.
It includes descriptions, capacities, and
use Ior the Iull range oI Bionomic`s wet
scrubbers, dry collectors, electrostatic pre-
cipitator devices, NOx control chemistry,
re-concentration/by-product production
and waste heat recovery systems and ac-
cessories. Also Ieatured are many specialty
and proprietary products and Iully engi-
neered, packaged
systems not Iound
Irom other manu-
Iacturers includ-
ing: Product Re-
concent r at ion/
Recover y sys-
tems; VentClean
Ior storage tank

and oII-loading
operations; Scrub-
Pac
custom skid-mounted, packaged

process scrubber systems; ProClean
in-
tegrated scrubber systems; RotaBed
Ilu-
idized bed scrubber; HEI
high-energy
ionization wet electrostatic precipitator;
BIONOxSOIVER
NOx scrubbing so-

lution; B-Tip
biological device; HI-T

Scrub
quench/scrubber system; BFCS

Bionomic Iorced condensation scrub-
bing system; ScrubSeal
vacuum over-
Ilow valves; and Q-Sense
direct contact
heat exchangers Ior waste heat recovery.
www.bionomicind.com
Next-Day Availability
In a new release ERIEZ outlines its
EriezXpressT program, by which its most
popular products are ready Ior next-day
shipment. The eight-page brochure high-
light s product s
ava i l abl e, i n-
cl ud i ng pl a t e
magnets, grates,
traps, small cool-
ant cleaners and
liIting magnets,
high-speed vibra-
tory Ieeders, bin
vibrators, mag-
netic rolls, and
more. Product descriptions and Ieatures
are covered Ior each one. The literature
describes how EriezXpress streamlines the
order-to-shipment process by simpliIying
product ordering, modiIying inventory
control and designating a dedicated team
to make it all happen. Upon credit approval,
orders received by 4:00 p.m. ET will be pro-
cessed and shipped the next business day.
www.eriez.com/Products/EriezXpress
617-371-2940
ZZZPHWDOLVWFRP

0ver 60 years 0ver 60 years
Press Repalrl Press Repalrl
Ser.|ce, kepa|r,
kehu||d, kefurh|sh,
New & used Parts,
used Lqu|pment
& Nore!
WWW.FORGINGMAGAZINE.COM I FORGING I 29
Electrotherms commitment to excellence: Performance, Responsiveness, Support
Serving customers worldwide we welcome you to gain from our unparalleled knowledge and expertise.
ELECTROTHERM USA a leader in developing, designing, & manufacturing of:
Electrotherm combines 70 years of experience and core competencies to provide a fast response to industry needs with a high
degree of customization supplying innovative solutions.
&MFDUSJD5IFSNBM1SPDFTT&RVJQNFOUt#PY0WFOTt)FBU5SFBU'PSHJOH'VSOBDFTt7BDVVN'VSOBDFTGPS
UIF"FSPTQBDF.FEJDBM&OFSHZJOEVTUSJFT
Spare parts will be inventoried at Thermcraft for quick delivery to your facility. Thermcrafts technical staff has been factory trained
at Electrotherms headquarters in Israel and stand ready to tackle any challenge.
This partnership assures that Electrotherm ovens installed in the U.S. have all of the support and expertise that we give when
installing our ovens in other parts of the world. Future plans for this partnership include the manufacture of Electrotherm ovens in
the United States at the Thermcraft location, the prospect of which excites and motivates us. Electrotherm is setting down roots in
the USA to produce US products made by US workers.
ELECTROTHERM USA INTRODUCES NEW WEBSITE
Updated site features expanded product information and videos. Electrotherm offers the
nest furnaces for the forging and aerospace industries. To better serve our clients in the
United States, we now present an updated website and social media connections with
Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. Electrotherm has joined forces with Thermcraft to bring you
Parts Sales, Service and Technical Support in the U.S.
For U.S. Sales Contact: Scott Miller 314.412.7546 | St. Louis, MO
www.electrotherm-usa.com USsales@electrotherm-usa.com | Terms & Conditions | Privacy Policy
Electrotherm is ISO9001 certied , NADCAP and AMS-2750D compliant. 2012 Electrotherm Electrical & Metals Products Ltd., All Rights Reserved.
Global Machinery Corp
100 Nerrick Rd, Suite 208E, Rockville Centre, NY USA 11570
Tel:516-825-70+0 - Fax:516-825-7115 - sales@trueforge.com
HBE PRESS designs and builds the following New Forging Lines:
1.) 4-Column Push-Down Hydraulic Open Die Forging Presses
Forging Capacities from 1,500 tons to 18,500 tons
2.) 2-Column Push-Down Hydraulic Open Die Forging Presses
3.) 2-Column Pull-Down Hydraulic Open Die Forging Presses
+.) 4-Column Push-Down Hydraulic Closed Die Forging Presses
5.) Heavy Duty Rail Bound Forging Manipulators
Capacities from 20 tonf50NT to 250 tonf750NT
6.) Heavy Duty Ring Rolling Mills
Capacities to 9,000mm dia. x up to 1,600mm Ring Height
7.) Mobile Forging Chargers - Lifting capacity 5 ton-25 ton
Customer specihed Brand name Hydraulics and Controls installed.
Certain specihcations are custom designed affording All HBE
customers full consideration of their specihc requirements.
Enormous capabilities, an uncompromising dedication to quality
and a steadfast Warranty program all linked together with a most
reasonable pricing structure provide the customer with the very
best value in new Forging Nachinery and Equipment available
anywhere in the world, all from HBE PRESS!
60 NN f 80 NN
Open Die Forging Press
TrueForge Global Machinery Corp. is the Exclusive

Worldwide Representative of HBE PRESS of South Korea.
HBE's Forging Lines are installed in some of the largest Forging
Companies in the world.
Contact TrueForge Global, Exclusive Worldwide Representative,
to recieve more information on HBE PRESS!
www.trueforge.comJforging
PHOENIX INDUCTION
CORPORATION
Providing professional, qualified
service for AJAX*, AIH*, IEH*, and
PPS* power systems.
Infrared Imaging, acid flush, board
repair, capacitors, SCR's,
transformers and spare parts for
OEM equipment. We sell used and
rebuilt power supplies.
248-486-8760
*Registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Contract DEFORM
3D & 2D Simulations of Hot,

Warm & Cold Forging and Die Stress Analysis
Partner in R&D and New Process Development
Pathnder to New Technologies, Capabilities & Markets
614.505.6490 info@TkachConsulting.com
)25*,1*67$03,1*35(66(6
836(77(56&867200$&+,1,1*
35(66,163(&7,2166&5(:35(66(6
inforepairpress.com
3414 Aurelius Rd. Lansing, MI 48910
PRESS REPAIR
& REBUILD
www.repairpress.com
517-881-4412 MI
214-701-7235 TX
5'(UEH$VVRFLDWHV
)XOILOOLQJ*OREDO)RUJLQJ
(TXLSPHQW1HHGVIRU\HDUV

Cu!!, Iux ov emuI! youv equIpment
vequIvements to us toduy!
P: 51?.244.9919 I: 51?.244.991?
muI!: mucLtvudev"uo!.com
VIBRO/DYNAMICS
v|brat|on & shock contro|
New Solutions for
Old Problems!
www.isolators.com
info@vibrodynamics.com
888-523-2121
Offering innovative
control
since 1964.
vibration and shock
solutions
Sales Manager
A leading International forging company
is seeking a Sales Manager to grow
its open die forging business in North
America. Working from their home base
the candidate would preferably be an
Engineer with min 10 years experience
in associated felds and at least 5 years
in open die sales. Knowledge of the ring
rolling forgings would be an advantage.
The candidate should also be capable of
handling contracts and possess excellent
communication skills.
Submit resume to:
opendiesales@gmail.com.
FORGING INDUSTRY SPECIALIST
NATIONWIDE SEARCH & RECRUITMENT
Bradley E. Stiles 610-351-8070
BStiles@UnitedEmploymentGroup.com
www.UnitedEmploymentGroup.com
OPERATIONS ENGINEERING
MAINTENANCE SALES QUALITY
METALLURGY EXECUTIVE
$*267$
,1'8675,$/
0$&+,1(6
Serving the Forging Industry
William Bill Agosta $,0
(805) 382-6885 Fax (805) 382-6886
3600 Harbor Blvd., Suite 128
Oxnard, CA 93035
Appraisals,Liquidations, Auctions
Your Used Forging Equipment
& Machine Tool Broker
We Can Locate What You Need
Or Sell Your Surplus Items
agostamachines@yahoo.com
www.agostamachines.com
Member American Society of Appraisers
CAREER OPPORTUNITY
A DV E RT I S E R I NDE X
FORGINGMAGAZINE.COM 2012 I FORGING I 31
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Tel.: 216-696-7000 Fax: 216-696-7932 TWX: 810-421-8245
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Publisher 216.931-9359
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Joe DiNardo U.S. and Canada
joe.dinardo@penton.com
Tel.: 440-487-8001 Fax: 913-514-3896
Kathy Savage Classied Advertising
kathy.savage@penton.com
Tel.: 205-669-7161 Fax: 913-514-7417

Julian Maddocks-Born U.K., Europe
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Yanru (Lucy) Han China, Hong Kong, Taiwan
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Yoshinori Ikeda Japan
Tel.: 81-3-3661-6138 Fax: 381-3-3661-6139
Cesare Casiraghi Italy
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ADVERTISER PAGE
WEB ADDRESS
A. FINKL & SONS Inside Front Cover
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AERODYNE ALLOYS 7
www.aerodynealloys.com
CKS PRECISION MACHINING 31
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COR-MET INC. 1
www. cor-met.com
FORGING INDUSTRY ASSN. 25
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GERDAU MACSTEEL Outside Back Cover
www.gerdaumacsteel.com
GIRARD ENGINEERING INC 11
www.girardusa.com/ge
INDUCTOHEAT 10
www.inductoheat.com
PRESSTRADE AG 13
www.presstrade.com
SMS - ELOTHERM NORTH AMERICA 16 - 17
SMS - MEER GMBH Inside Back Cover
www.sms-meer.us
SUMITOMO HEAVY INDUSTRIES - TECHNO-FORT CO., LTD 9
www.shi.co.jp/stf/english
SUMMIT STEEL CORPORATION 3
www.summitsteel.com
SUPERBOLT INC. 27
www.superbolt.com
VACCARI SPA 15
www.vaccaripress.com
WELD MOLD CO 5
www.weldmold.com
Every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this index. However, the publisher
cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions.
www.gem|n|group.net|ckspm
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we rera|r ded|ca|ed |o
serv|c|rg our cus|orers:
Corp|e|e cor|rac| raru-
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exper|erced erg|reer|rg
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l30 9001:2008 & A39100
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cksgem|n|group.net
* )*e n*
Made n
the 1SA
S
tupino Metallurgical Co. (SMK) is a Moscow-based manu-
Iacturer oI aluminum components and structures, includ-
ing Iorgings and castings. Recently, SMK placed an order
with Siempelkamp to modernize the water-hydraulic controls
Ior a 100-MN SMS Iorging press, as well as a new die heating
system. SMK also asked Siempelkamp (www.siempelkamp.
com) to develop the water-hydraulic controls Ior a 46-MN
closed-die Iorging press being converted into an open-die
Iorging operation.
The water-hydraulic control specially developed Ior the
100-MN press makes it possible to position the crossbeam with
more precision, by up to 0.15 mm/sec, according to the contrac-
tor. Also, parallel control oI the moving crossbeam is supported
under all conditions oI operation. The Siempelkamp system is
specially programmed Ior the production speed and pressure
proIiles oI individual products. During Iorging, a detailed re-
port oI the process values achieved is provided.
Also included in the modernization package oI the 100-MN
press are the electric controls and a die heating system. The lat-
ter is Iully integrated into the press control, keeping the die at a
constant temperature oI 900C during the Iorging pause.
For the project oI converting the 46-MN press, Siempelkamp
will apply new water-hydraulic controls as well as electric con-
trols. The open-die Iorging press will be capable oI up to 60
strokes per minute. Two rail-bound manipulators with a rotary
table will be integrated into the installation, too.
For both presses, Siempelkamp is working with Hauhinco
(www.hauhinco.de/en) Ior its water-hydraulic controls expertise.
The modernization aims to achieve greater repeatability,
data recording, and reporting capability Ior Iorming processes.
Siempelkamp added that changes will make SMK ready to
produce heat-resistant nickel alloys using its 'HIP Iorming
process, and the updated presses will meet the exacting quality
requirements oI the aircraIt industry. Design work is underway
Ior the modernizations, and both presses will be re-commis-
sioned at the end oI 2012.
P I C T U R E T H I S
New Press Hydraulics
Better Forming Process Control
Siempelkamp is updating the water-
hydraulics for this 100-MN press at Stupino
Metallurgical Co., part of a broader project
involving new electric controls and die heat-
ing technology, and a second hydraulics
package for a closed-die press conversion.
www.sms-meer.com
35,500 t
1,320 mm
3
PRESS
FORCE
SPINDLE
DIAMETER
MONTHS IN OPERATION
AHEAD OF SCHEDULE
More than just on time: In cooperation
with the Chinese customer, Wuxi Turbine
Blade, the employees from SMS Meer
erected the world`s most powerful clutch-
operated screw press three months faster
than planned. The plant boasts an im-
pressive press force of 35,500 tonnes, a
spindle diameter of 1,320 mm and except-
ional energy efciency. Wuxi can now forge
signicantly more sophisticated parts for
its customers from the aircraft and power
station industries than has been possible
to date.

Quality unites a fact that our customers
and we discover time and again with
every new project. Together we develop
solutions that give our partners the com-
petitive edge in their business. Thanks
to this good cooperation, SMS Meer is a
leading international company in heavy
machinery and plant engineering.
EXHIBITION BEIJING
Beijing 10 13 September, 2012
China International Exhibition Center
New Venue
Hall W1 Booth J40
Finding your SBQ solution
just got easier!
www.gerdau.com/specialsteel
Quality. Integrity. Reliability. Everything you expect from your
SBQ supplier. No more wandering through a maze of steel bar
manufacturers. Go right to the supplier of choice. A company with more
tKDn\eDUVofe[peUienFeVeUvingFountUieVonveFontinentV
One source of excellence for all your SBQ needsGerdau.

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