Protection, Substation Automation, Power Quality and Measurement

6.2 Protection Systems

Transmission line or cable (with wide-band communication) General notes: Digital PCM-coded communication (with n 64 kbit/s channels) between line ends is becoming more and more frequently available, either directly by optical or microwave point-to-point links, or via a general-purpose digital communication network. In both cases, the relay-type current differential protection 7SD52 / 61 can be applied. It provides absolute phase and zone selectivity by phase-segregated measurement, and is not affected by power swing or parallel line zero-sequence coupling effects. It is, furthermore, a current-only protection that does not need a VT connection. For this reason, the adverse effects of CVT transients are not applicable. This makes it particularly suitable for double and multi-circuit lines where complex fault situations can occur. The 7SD5 / 61 can be applied to lines up to about 120 km in direct relay-to-relay connections via dedicated optical ber cores (see also application 10), and also to much longer distances of up to about 120 km by using separate PCM devices for optical ber or microwave transmission. The 7SD5 / 61 then uses only a small part (64-512 64 kbit/s) of the total transmission capacity (on the order of Mbits/s). The 7SD52 / 61 protection relays can be combined with the distance relay 7SA52 or 7SA6 to form a redundant protection system with dissimilar measuring principles complementing each other (g. 6.2-80). This provides the highest degree of availability. Also, separate signal transmission ways should be used for main 1 and main 2 line protection, e.g., optical ber or microwave, and power line carrier (PLC). The current comparison protection has a typical operating time of 15 ms for faults on 100 % line length, including signaling time. General notes for g. 6.2-81: SIPROTEC 7SD5 offers fully redundant differential and distance relays accommodated in one single bay control unit, and provides both high-speed operation of relays and excellent fault coverage, even under complicated conditions. Precise distance-to-fault location avoids time-consuming line patrolling, and reduces the downtime of the line to a minimum. The high-speed distance relay operates fully independently from the differential relay. Backup zones provide remote backup for upstream and downstream lines and other power system components

CC 52L TC1 TC2

79

87L BF

25 79

59

21/21N 67N

7SD522 7SD6

68/79

85

BF 7SA522 or 7SA6 S Channel 1 R

Optical ber

FO Wire

X.21

S R

PCM

To remote line end

Direct connection with dedicated bers up to about 120 km

Fig. 6.2-80: Redundant transmission line protection

6
CC 52L TC1 TC2

25 79 87L BF 59 21/21N 67N

7SD5

85

68/79 S Channel R 1

Optical ber

FO Wire

X.21

S R

PCM

To remote line end

Direct connection with dedicated bers up to about 120 km

Fig. 6.2-81: Transmission line protection with redundant algorithm in one device

Siemens Energy Sector Power Engineering Guide Edition 7.0

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