Pacific Pump and Power

91-503 Nukuawa Street

Kapolei, Hawaii 96707
Phone: (808) 672-8198 or (800) 975-5112
Fax:
((866)) 424-0953
Email: sales@pacificpumpandpower.com
Web:
www.pacificpumpandpower.com

Pumps and Generators

Rentals * Sales * Service * Operations

(808) 672-8198

TableofContents
WaterDataandFormulas...

ConvertFlow(GPM)toVelocity(Feet/Second)inVariousPipe...

S i
Suction,Head,VaporPressure....
H d V
P

FlowCalculationbyMeasuringHorizontalPipeDischarge....

FlowCalculationbyMeasuringVerticalPipeDischarge...

FlowCalculationfromaNozzle

WeirDischarge

VolumeinaTank

CapacityofSquareTanks.

PressureandEquivalentFeetHeadofWater.

10

FeetHeadofWaterandEquivalentPressure.

11

Theoretical Horsepower Required to Raise Water to Different Heights

TheoreticalHorsepowerRequiredtoRaiseWatertoDifferentHeights.

12

EngineeringData1

13

EngineeringData2

14

EngineeringData3

15

EngineeringData4

17

WaterRequirements

17

GravitySewerLineBypass:Flow&PumpSizingChart...

18

Disclaimer
Pacific Pump and Power Inc. accepts no responsibility for any losses or damage or
other matters arising from the use of this information. The use of information
and advice contained is used solely at the risk of the user.

Water Data and Formulas

1gallonwater=231cubicinches=8.333pounds(@65F)
1poundofwater=27.72cubicinches(@65F)
1cubicfootwater=7.5gallons=62.4pounds(saltwater
weighsapproximately64.3poundspercubicfoot)
Poundspersquareinchatbottomofacolumnofwater=height
ofcolumninfeetx0.434(@39F)
1miner'sinch=9to12gallonsperminute
Horsepower to Raise Water

Horsepower=gallons per minute x Total Head in Feet

3960
(if pumping a liquid other than water, multiply the gallons

perminutebytheliquidsspecificgravity)
Gallons Per Minute through a Pipe

GPM=0.0408xPipeDiameterinches2xFeet/minutewatervelocity
Weight of Water in a Pipe

PoundsWater=PipeLengthfeetxPipediameterinches2 x0.34
Gallons per Minute of a Slurry

GPMSlurry=GPMWater+4 x Tons of per hour of solids

SpecificGravityofSolids
Cost to Pump Water - Electric

$perhour=GPM x Head in feet x 0.746 x Rate per KWH

3960xPumpEfficiencyxElectricMotorEfficiency
(70%Pump&90%MotorEfficiencyaregoodaverages)
Cost to Pump Water - Gasoline and Diesel

$perhour=GPM x Head in feet x K x $ per gallon fuel

3960xPumpEfficiency
K=0.110forgasolineor0.065fordiesel
(Kisactuallygallonsoffuelperhorsepower)
(70%PumpEfficiencyisagoodaveragevalue)
Optimum Flow Rate for Water
Optimum flow rate for water in a cylindrical pipe is less
than 10 feet per second. Usually Godwin recommends
6 feet per second as a maximum flow with entrenched solids.

Page1

Convert Flow (GPM) to Velocity (Feet/Second) in Various Pipe

GPM

5
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1500
2000
3000
4000
5000

Pipe Diameter (Inches)

2
0.51
1.02
1.53
2.04
3.06
4.08
5.10
6.12
7.14
8.16
9.18
10.20
15.30
20.40
25.50
30.60
40.80
51.00
61.20
71.40
81.60
91.80
102.00
122.40
153.00
204.00
306.00
408.00
510.00

3
0.23
0.45
0.68
0.91
1.36
1.81
2.27
2.72
3.17
3.63
4.08
4.53
6.80
9.07
11.33
13.60
18.13
22.67
27.20
31.73
36.27
40.80
45.33
54.40
68.00
90.67
136.00
181.33
226.67

4
0.13
0.26
0.38
0.51
0.77
1.02
1.28
1.53
1.79
2.04
2.30
2.55
3.83
5.10
6.38
7.65
10.20
12.75
15.30
17.85
20.40
22.95
25.50
30.60
38.25
51.00
76.50
102.00
127.50

5
0.08
0.16
0.24
0.33
0.49
0.65
0.82
0.98
1.14
1.31
1.47
1.63
2.45
3.26
4.08
4.90
6.53
8.16
9.79
11.42
13.06
14.69
16.32
19.58
24.48
32.64
48.96
65.28
81.60

6
0.06
0.11
0.17
0.23
0.34
0.45
0.57
0.68
0.79
0.91
1.02
1.13
1.70
2.27
2.83
3.40
4.53
5.67
6.80
7.93
9.07
10.20
11.33
13.60
17.00
22.67
34.00
45.33
56.67

Velocity in feet per second = 0.408 x USGPM

(diameter of pipe in inches)2

Page2

8
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.13
0.19
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.64
0.96
1.28
1.59
1.91
2.55
3.19
3.83
4.46
5.10
5.74
6.38
7.65
9.56
12.75
19.13
25.50
31.88

10
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.29
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.61
0.82
1.02
1.22
1.63
2.04
2.45
2.86
3.26
3.67
4.08
4.90
6.12
8.16
12.24
16.32
20.40

12
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.28
0.43
0.57
0.71
0.85
1.13
1.42
1.70
1.98
2.27
2.55
2.83
3.40
4.25
5.67
8.50
11.33
14.17

18
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.19
0.25
0.31
0.38
0.50
0.63
0.76
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.26
1.51
1.89
2.52
3.78
5.04
6.30

Suction, Head, Vapor Pressure

Water
TempF
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212

Vapor
Pressure
0.6ftwater
0.8ftwater
1.2ftwater
1.6ftwater
2.2ftwater
2.9ftwater
3.9ftwater
5.1ftwater
6.7ftwater
8.6ftwater
10.9ftwater
13.8ftwater
17.3ftwater
21.6ftwater
26.6ftwater
32.6ftwater
34.0ftwater

0
20.0
19.5
19.5
19.0
18.5
17.5
16.5
15.5
14.0
12.0
9.5
6.5
3.0
1.0
6.0
12.0
13.5

SuctionLiftorHead@AltitudeinFeet
2000
4000
8000
12000
17.5
15.5
11.5
7.5
17.0
15.0
11.0
7.0
17.0
15.0
11.0
7.0
16.5
14.5
10.5
6.5
16.0
14.0
10.0
6.0
15.0
13.0
9.0
5.0
14.0
12.0
8.0
4.0
13.0
11.0
7.0
3.0
11.5
9.5
5.5
1.5
9.5
7.5
3.5
0.5
7.0
5.0
1.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
1.5
3.5
5.5
8.5

Note:Positivevaluesindicatesuctionlift,negativevaluesindicatesuctionhead.

Page3

Flow Calculation by Measuring

Horizontal Pipe Discharge
X
4inch
D

X
Distance
Inches
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Pipe

GallonsperMinuteDischargeforagiven
NominalPipeDiameterD(Inches)
1

1-

1-

2-

6
7
8
10
11
13
14
16
17
18
20
21
23

10
12
15
17
20
22
24
27
29
31
34
36
39
41

13
17
20
23
26
30
33
36
40
43
46
50
53
56
60

22
27
33
38
44
49
55
60
66
71
77
82
88
93
99
110

31
39
47
55
62
70
78
86
94
102
109
117
125
133
144
148
156

48
61
73
85
97
110
122
134
146
158
170
183
196
207
220
232
244
256

83
104
125
146
166
187
208
229
250
270
292
312
334
355
375
395
415
435
460

163
195
228
260
293
326
360
390
425
456
490
520
550
590
620
650
685
720
750

10

12

285
334
380
430
476
525
570
620
670
710
760
810
860
910
950
1000
1050
1100
1140

580
665
750
830
915
1000
1080
1160
1250
1330
1410
1500
1580
1660
1750
1830
1910
2000

1060
1190
1330
1460
1600
1730
1860
2000
2120
2260
2390
2520
2660
2800
2920
3060
3200

1660
1850
2020
2220
2400
2590
2780
2960
3140
3330
3500
3700
3890
4060
4250
4440

Whenbrinkdepthsaregreaterthan0.5D,themoregeneralpurposePurduepipemethoddeveloped
byGreve(1928)shouldbeused,ratherthantheCaliforniapipemethod.ThePurduemethodapplies
equallywelltobothpartiallyandcompletelyfilledpipes.ThePurduemethodconsistsofmeasuring
coordinatesoftheuppersurfaceofthejetasshownabove.Ifthewaterinthepipeisflowingata
depthoflessthan0.8Dattheoutlet,theverticaldistance,Y,canbemeasuredattheendofthepipe
whereX=0.Forhigherratesofflow,Y,maybemeasuredathorizontaldistances,X,fromthepipeexit
of6,12,or18inches.
Themostaccurateresultswillbeobtainedwhenthepipeistrulyhorizontal.Ifitslopesupward,the
i di
indicateddischargewillbetoohigh.Ifitslopesdownward,theindicateddischargewillbetoolow.
d di h
ill b
hi h f i l
d
d h i di
d di h
ill b
l

Page4

Vertical Pipe Discharge

D
Pipe

Thefollowingformulaisanapproximationoftheoutputofaverticalpipe.
GPM=HxKxD
GPM
= H x K x D2 x5.68
x 5 68
GPM=gallonsperminute
H=heightininches
D=diameterofpipeininches
K=constantfrom0.87to0.97fordiametersof
2to6inchesandheight(H)upto24inches
Example:K=0.97,6inchdiameterwith10inchheight626GPM
LawrenceandBraunworth(1906)notedthattwokindsofflowoccurfromtheendofvertical
pipes.Withasmallriseofwater(upto0.37d )abovetheendofthepipe,theflowactslikea
circularweir.Whenthewaterrisesmorethan1.4d ,jetflowoccurs.Whentheriseisbetween
these values the mode of flow is in transition When the height of the jet exceeded 1 4d ,
thesevalues,themodeofflowisintransition.Whentheheightofthejetexceeded1.4d
asdeterminedbysightingoverthejettoobtainthemaximumrise,thedischargeisgivenby:
Q=5.01d1.99h0.53
where:
Q=rateofflow,gallonsperminute
Q
rateofflow,gallonsperminute
d=insidediamterofthepipe,inches
h=heightofjet,inches
Whentheriseofwaterabovetheendofthepipeislessthat0.37d ,dischargeisgivenby:
Q=6.17d1.25h1.35

Page5

Flow Calculation from a Nozzle

Nozzle Discharge
Nozzle
GallonsperMinuteDischargeforagiven
Pressure
NozzleDiameter(Inches)
lbs/sqin 1/16 3/16 5/16 7/16 9/16
10
0.38 1.48 3.3
5.9 9.24 13.3 18.1 23.6 30.2 36.9
15
0.45 1.81 4.1
7.2 11.4 16.3 22.4 28.9 36.7 45.2
20
0.53 2.09 4.7
8.3 13.1 18.7 25.6 33.4 42.4 52.2
25
0.59 2.34 5.3
9.3 14.6 21.0 28.7 37.3 47.3 58.2
30
0.64 2.56 5.8 10.2 16.0 23.1 31.4 40.9 51.9 63.9
35
0.69 2.78 6.2 11.1 17.1 25.0 33.8 44.2 56.1 69.0
40
0 74 2.96
0.74
2 96 6.7
6 7 11.7
11 7 18.4
18 4 26.6
26 6 36.2
36 2 47.3
47 3 59.9
59 9 73.8
73 8
45
0.79 3.14 7.1 12.6 19.5 28.2 38.3 50.1 63.4 78.2
50
0.83 3.30 7.4 13.2 20.6 29.9 40.5 52.8 67.0 82.5
60
0.90 3.62 8.2 14.5 22.6 32.6 44.3 57.9 73.3 90.4
70
0.98 3.91 8.8 15.7 24.4 35.3 47.9 62.6 79.3 97.8
80
1.05 4.19 9.4 16.8 26.1 37.6 51.2 66.8 84.8 105
90
1.11 4.43 10.0 17.7 27.8 40.1 54.5 70.8 90.3 111
100
1.17 4.67 10.4 18.7 29.2 42.2 57.3 74.9
95
117
120
1.23 5.17 11.5 20.4 31.8 46.0 62.4 81.8 103 128
140
1.28 5.70 12.4 22.1 34.4 49.8 67.6 88.3 112 138
160
1.32 6.30 13.3 23.6 36.9 53.3 72.3 94.6 120 148
180
1.36 6.92 14.1 25.0 39.0 56.4 76.5 100.0 127 156
200
1.38 7.52 14.9 26.4 41.1 59.5 81.6 106.0 134 165

1-

53.3

72.5

94.8

65.1
75.4
84.0
92.2
99.8
106
113
119
130
141
151
160
169
184
199
213
225
238

88.7
102
115
126
136
145
153
162
177
192
205
218
229
250
271
289
306
323

116
134
149
164
177
189
200
211
232
251
268
285
300
327
354
378
400
423

120
147
169
189
208
224
239
254
268
293
317
339
360
379
413
447
478
506
535

Note:Theabovedischargeratesaretheoretical.Actualvalueswillonlybe95%oftheabovevalues,
dependingonsuchfactorsasshapeofthenozzle,boresmoothness,etc.

Page6

Weir Discharge

Height of water flow H

HeightofwaterflowH

Head
Inches
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12

GPMforWidthofWeirinFeet
1
3
5
107
179
35
0
9
64
197
329
98
302
506
136
421
705
178
552
926
269
845
1420
369
1174
1978
476
1534
2592
1922
3255
2335
3963
2769
4713
3225
5501
4189
7181

A
A

GPM/Footover
5FeetWide
36
66
102
142
187
288
402
529
667
814
972
1138
1496

BasedontheFrancisformula:
Cuft/secwater=3.33(W0.2H)H1.5
H=Heightinfeet
W=Widthinfeet
DistanceAshouldbeatleast3H

Page7

Volume in a Tank

D
H
Thefollowingequationcanbeusedtocalculatethe
Usetheformula:Ratio=H/Dandthenthefollowing
tableinordertocalculatetheDepthFactor.
Ratio
at o
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0 14
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50

DepthFactor
ept acto
0.0047728
0.0134171
0.0244963
0.0374780
0.0520440
0.0679724
0.0850946
0 0850946
0.1032755
0.1224023
0.1423785
0.1631194
0.1845494
0.2065999
0.2292081
0.2523158
0.2758682
0.2998139
0.3241038
0.3486910
0.3735300
0.3985771
0.4237894
0.4491248
0.4745420
0.5000000

Ratio
at o
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0
0.64
64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00

DepthFactor
ept acto
0.5254580
0.5508752
0.5762106
0.6014229
0.6264700
0.6513090
0
0.6758962
6758962
0.7001861
0.7241318
0.7476842
0.7707919
0.7934001
0.8154506
0.8368806
0.8576215
0.8775977
0.8967245
0.9149054
0.9320276
0.9479560
0.9625220
0.9755037
0.9865829
0.9952272
1.0000000

GallonsRemaining=DepthFactorxTotalTankGallons

Page8

Capacity of Square Tanks

Dimensions (Ft.)
4x4
5x5
6x6
7x7
8x8
9x9
10 x 10
11 x 11
12 x 12

1'

4'

119.68
187.00
269.28
366.52
478.72
605.88
748.08
905.08
1077.12

479
748
1077
1466
1915
2424
2992
3620
4308

Contents in Gallons for Depth of Feet

5'
6'
8'
10'

598
935
1346
1833
2394
3029
3740
4525
5386

718
1202
1616
2199
2872
3635
4488
5430
6463

957
1516
2154
2922
3830
4847
5984
7241
8617

1197
1870
2693
3665
4787
6059
7480
9051
10771

11'

12'

1316
2057
2968
4032
5266
6665
8228
9956
11848

1436
2244
3231
4398
5745
7272
8976
10861
12925

To find the capacity of a depth not given, multiply the capacity for one foot by the required depth in feet.

Page9

Pressure and Equivalent Feet Head of Water

Fresh Water
Lb. per Sq. In
Feet Head

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
500
1000

2.31
4.62
6.93
9.24
11.54
13.85
16.16
18.47
20.78
23.09
34.63
46.18
57.72
69.27
92.36
115.45
138.54
161.63
184.72
207.81
230.90
253.98
277.07
288.62
300.16
323.25
346.34
369.43
392.52
415.61
438.90
461.78
519.51
577.24
643.03
692.69
750.41
808.13
865.89
922.58
1154.48
2309.00

Salt Water
Lb. per Sq. In
Feet Head

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
500
1000

Page10

2.25
4.50
6.75
9.00
11.25
13.50
15.75
18.00
20.25
22.50
33.75
45.00
56.25
67.50
90.00
112.50
135.00
157.50
180.00
202.50
225.00
247.50
270.00
281.25
292.50
315.00
337.50
360.00
382.50
405.00
427.50
450.00
506.25
562.50
618.75
675.00
731.25
787.50
843.75
900.00
1125.00
2250.00

Feet Head of Water and Equivalent Pressures

Fresh Water
Feet Head
Lb. per Sq. In

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
500
1000

0.43
0.87
1.30
1.73
2.17
2.60
3.03
3.46
3.90
4.33
8.66
12.99
17.32
21.65
25.99
30.32
34.65
38.98
43.31
47.65
51.97
56.30
60.63
64.96
69.29
73.63
77.96
82.29
86.62
97.45
108.27
119.10
129.93
140.75
151.58
173.24
216.55
259.85
303.16
346.47
389.78
433.09

Salt Water
Feet Head
Lb. per Sq. In

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
500
1000

Page11

0.44
0.88
1.32
1.76
2.20
2.64
3.08
3.52
3.96
4.40
6.60
8.80
11.00
13.20
17.60
22.00
26.40
30.80
35.20
39.60
44.00
48.40
52.80
55.00
57.20
61.60
66.00
70.40
74.80
79.20
83.60
88.00
99.00
110.00
121.00
132.00
143.00
154.00
165.00
176.00
220.00
440.00

Theoretical Horsepower Required to Raise Water to Different Heights

Feet
GPM

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
75
90
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
350
400
500

5
0.006
0.012
0.019
0.025
0.031
0.037
0.043
0.050
0.066
0.062
0.075
0.093
0.112
0.125
0.156
0.187
0.219
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.437
0.500
0.625

10
0.012
0.025
0.037
0.500
0.062
0.075
0.087
0.100
0.112
0.125
0.150
0.187
0.225
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.437
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.250

15
0.019
0.037
0.056
0.075
0.093
0.112
0.131
0.150
0.168
0.187
0.225
0.281
0.337
0.375
0.469
0.562
0.656
0.750
0.937
1.125
1.312
1.500
1.875

20
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
0.250
0.300
0.375
0.450
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.500

25
0.031
0.062
0.094
0.125
0.156
0.187
0.219
0.250
0.281
0.312
0.375
0.469
0.562
0.625
0.781
0.937
1.093
1.250
1.562
1.875
2.187
2.500
3.125

30
0.037
0.076
0.112
0.150
0.187
0.225
0.262
0.300
0.337
0.375
0.450
0.562
0.675
0.750
0.937
1.125
1.312
1.600
1.876
2.250
2.625
3.000
3.750

35
0.044
0.087
0.131
0.175
0.219
0.262
0.306
0.350
0.394
0.437
0.525
0.656
0.787
0.875
1.094
1.312
1.531
1.750
2.187
2.625
3.062
3.500
4.375

40
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.75
0.90
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00

45
0.06
0.11
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.34
0.39
0.45
0.51
0.56
0.67
0.84
1.01
1.12
1.41
1.69
1.97
2.25
2.81
3.37
3.94
4.50
5.62

50
0.06
0.12
0.19
0.25
0.31
0.37
0.44
0.50
0.56
0.62
0.75
0.94
1.12
1.25
1.56
1.87
2.19
2.50
3.12
3.75
4.37
5.00
6.25

60
0.07
0.15
0.22
0.30
0.37
0.45
0.52
0.60
0.67
0.75
0.90
1.12
1.35
1.50
1.87
2.25
2.62
3.00
3.75
4.50
5.25
6.00
7.50

Page12

75
90
0.09 0.11
0.19 0.22
0.28 0.34
0.37 0.45
0.47 0.56
0.56 0.67
0.66 0.79
0.75 0.90
0.84 1.01
0.94 1.12
1.12 1.35
1.40 1.69
1.68 2.02
1.87 2.25
2.34 2.81
2.81 3.37
3.28 3.94
3.75 4.50
4.69 5.62
5.62 6.75
6.56 7.87
7.50 9.00
9.37 11.25

100
0.12
0.25
0.37
0.50
0.62
0.75
0.87
1.00
1.12
1.25
1.50
1.87
2.25
2.50
3.12
3.75
4.37
5.00
6.25
7.50
8.75
10.00
12.50

125
0.16
0.31
0.47
0.62
0.78
0.94
1.08
1.25
1.41
1.56
1.87
2.34
2.81
3.12
3.91
4.69
5.47
6.25
7.81
9.37
10.94
12.50
15.62

150
0.15
0.37
0.56
0.75
0.94
1.12
1.31
1.50
1.69
1.87
2.25
2.81
3.37
3.75
4.69
5.62
6.56
7.50
9.37
11.25
13.12
15.00
18.76

175
0.22
0.44
0.66
0.87
1.09
1.31
1.53
1.75
1.97
2.19
2.62
3.28
3.94
4.37
5.47
6.56
7.66
8.75
10.94
13.12
15.31
17.50
21.87

200
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
3.00
3.75
4.50
5.00
6.25
7.50
8.75
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
25.00

250
0.31
0.62
0.94
1.25
1.56
1.87
2.19
2.50
2.81
3.12
3.75
4.69
5.62
6.25
7.81
9.37
10.94
12.50
15.72
18.75
21.87
25.00
31.25

300
0.37
0.75
1.12
1.50
1.87
2.25
2.62
3.00
3.37
3.75
4.50
5.62
6.75
7.50
9.37
11.25
13.12
15.00
18.75
22.50
26.25
30.00
37.50

350
0.44
0.87
1.31
1.75
2.19
2.62
3.06
3.50
3.94
4.37
5.25
6.56
7.87
8.75
10.94
13.12
15.31
17.60
21.87
26.25
30.62
35.00
43.75

400
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
50.00

EngineeringData1
Onehorsepower=33,000ft.poundsperminute
Cubicfeetpersecond=GallonsperMinute
449
Cubicfeetperminute=GallonsperMinute
7.48
Theoreticalwaterhorsepower=USGPMxHeadinFeetxSp.Gr.
3960
Theoreticalwaterhorsepower=USGPMxHeadinPounds
1714
Velocityinfeetpersecond=0.408xUSGPM
(diameterofpipeininches)2

32xGPM
pipearea

Oneacrefoot=325.850USGallons
1,000,000USGallonsperDay=695USGallonsperMinute
500PoundsperHour=1USGallonperMinute
Doublingthediameterofapipeorcylinderincreasesitscapacityfourtimes.
Frictionofliquidsinpipesincreasesasthesquareofitsvelocity.
Velocityinfeetperminutenecessarytodischargeagivenvolumeofwaterin
agiventime:=Cu.Ft.ofwaterx144
areaofpipeinsq.inches
Areaofrequiredpipe,thevolumeandvelocityofwaterbeinggiven:
=No.cu.Ft.ofwaterx144
Vel.Inft.permin.
fromthisareathesizepiperequiredmaybeselectedfromthetableof
standardpipedimension.

Page13

EngineeringData2
Atmosphericpressureatsealevelis14.7poundspersquareinch.Thispressurewitha
perfectvacuumwillmaintainacolumnofwater33.9feethighoracolumnofmercury29.9
inches.Thisisthetheoreticaldistancethatwatermaybedrawnbysuction.Inpractice,
however,pumpsshouldnothaveatotaldynamicsuctionliftgreaterthan25feet.
Nethorsepower=thetheoreticalhorsepowernecessarytodothework
Nethorsepower=barrelsperdayxpressurex0.000017
Nethorsepower=barrelsperhourxpressurex0.000408
Nethorsepower=gallonsperminutexpressurex0.000583
Thecustomarymethodofindicatingspecificgravityofpetroleumoilsinthiscountryisby
meansoftheBaumescale.SincetheBaumescale,forspecificgravitiesofliquidslighter
thanwater,increasesinverselyasthetruegravity,theheaviestoil,i.e.,thatwhichhasthe
highesttruespecificgravity,isexpressedbythelowestfigureoftheBaumescale,the
lightestbythehighestfigure.
Areasofcirclesaretoeachotherasthesquaresoftheirdiameter:
Circumference:diameterofcirclex3.1416
Areacircle:diameter2x0.7854
Diametercircle:circumferencex0.31831
Volumeofsphere:diameter3x0.5236
Squarefeet:squareinchesx0.00695
Cubicfeet:cubicinchesx0.00058
Cubicyard:cubicfeetx0.03704
Statutemiles:linealfeetx0.00019
Statutemiles:linealyardsx0.000568
1gallon=8.33pounds
1liter=0.2642gallons
1cu.ft.=7.48gallonsand/or62.35pounds
1meter=3.28feet
1millimeter=0.03937inches
STATICHEADistheverticaldistancebetweenthefreelevelofthesourceofsupplyandthe
pointoffreedischarge,ortothelevelofthefreesurfaceofthedischargedwater.
TOTALDYNAMICHEADistheverticaldistancebetweensourceofsupplyandpointof
dischargewhenpumpingatrequiredcapacity,plusvelocityhead,friction,velocity,entrance
andexitlosses.
TOTALDYNAMICHEAD,asdeterminedontestwheresuctionliftexists,isthereadingofa
mercurycolumnconnectedtothesuctionnozzleofpump,plusthereadingofapressure
gaugeconnectedtothedischargenozzleofpump,plusverticaldistancebetweenpointof
attachmentofmercurycolumnandcenterofgauge,plusexcess,ifany,ofvelocityheadof
dischargeovervelocityheadofsuction,asmeasuredatpointswheretheinstrumentsare
attached,plusheadofwaterrestingonmercurycolumn,ifany.

Page14

EngineeringData3
TOTALDYNAMICHEAD,asdeterminedontestwheresuctionheadexists,isthereadingofagaugeattached
tothedischargenozzleofpump,minusthereadingofgaugeconnectedtothesuctionnozzleofpump,plusor
minusverticaldistancebetweencentersofthegauges(dependingonwhethersuctiongauge
isbeloworabovedischargegauge),plusexcess,ifany,ofthevelocityheadofdischargeovervelocity
headofsuctionasmeasuredatpointswhereinstrumentsareattached.
TOTALDYNAMICDISCHARGEHEADisthetotaldynamicheadminusdynamicsuctionlift,orplus
dynamicsuctionhead.
SUCTIONLIFTexistswhenthesourceofsupplyisbelowdischargenozzleofpump.
STATICSUCTIONLIFTistheverticaldistancefromthefreelevelofsourceofsupplytodischargenozzleofpump.

DYNAMICSUCTIONLIFTistheverticaldistancefromthesourceofsupply,whenpumpingatrequired
capacity,todischargenozzleofpump,plusvelocityhead,entrance,frictionandvelocitylosses;butnot
includinginternalpumplosses.
DYNAMICSUCTIONLIFT,asdeterminedontest,isthereadingofamercurycolumnconnectedtosuction
nozzleofpump,plusverticaldistancebetweenpointofattachmentofmercurycolumntodischargenozzle
ofpump,plusheadofwaterrestingonmercurycolumn,ifany.
SUCTIONHEAD(sometimescalledHEADOFSUCTION)existswhensourceofsupplyisabovedischarge
nozzleofpump.
STATICSUCTIONHEADistheverticaldistancefromthefreelevelofthesourceofsupplytodischarge
nozzleofpump.
DYNAMICSUCTIONHEADistheverticaldistancefromthesourceofsupply,whenpumpingatrequired
capacity,todischargenozzleofpump,minusvelocityhead,entrance,frictionandvelocitylosses;butnot
minusinternalpumplosses.
DYNAMICSUCTIONHEAD,asdeterminedontest,isthereadingofagaugeconnectedtosuctionnozzleofpump,
minusverticaldistancefromcenterofgaugetodischargenozzleofpump.SUCTIONHEAD,afterdeductingthe
variouslosses,maybeanegativequantity,inwhichcaseaconditionequivalenttoSUCTIONLIFTwillprevail.
VELOCITYHEAD(sometimescalled"HeadduetoVelocity"),ofwatermovingwithagivenvelocity,isthe
equivalentheadthroughwhichitwouldhavetofalltoacquirethesamevelocity;ortheheadnecessarymerely
toacceleratethewater.Knowingthevelocity,wecanreadilyfigurethevelocityheadfromthesimpleformula:

h=V2/2g
Inwhich"g"istheaccelerationduetogravity,or32.16feetpersecond;orknowingthehead,wecan
transposetheformulato:
V=2gh

andthusobtainthevelocity.
Page15

Thevelocityheadisafactorinfiguringthetotalhead,butthevalueisusuallysmall,andinmostcases
negligible;however,itshouldbeconsideredwhenthetotalheadislowandalsowhenthesuctionliftishigh.
Velocityheadshouldbeconsideredinaccuratetestingalso,asitispartofthetotalheadandconsequently
affectsthedutyaccomplished.
Atable,givingtherelationbetweenvelocityandvelocityhead,appearsinthefollowingand,wherethe
suctionanddischargepipesareofthesamesize,itisonlynecessarytoincludeinthetotalheadthe
velocityheadgeneratedinthesuctionpiping.Ifthedischargepipingisofdifferentsizethanthesuction
piping,whichisoftenthecase,thenitwillbenecessarytousethevelocityinthedischargepipefor
computingthevelocityheadratherthanthevelocityinthesuctionpipe.
Intestingapump,amercurycolumnisgenerallyusedforobtainingdynamicsuctionlift.Thecolumnwill
showthevelocityheadcombinedwithentrancehead,frictionheadandstaticsuctionlift.Onthe
dischargeside,agaugeisusuallyused,butagaugewillnotindicatevelocityhead,andthismust,therefore,
beobtainedeitherbycalculatingthevelocity,ortakingreadingswithaPitotmeter.Inasmuchasthevelocity
variesconsiderablyatdifferentpointsinthecrosssectionofastreamitisimportant,inusingaPitotmeter,
totakeanumberofreadingsatdifferentpointsinthecrosssection.
VelocityandVelocityHead
VelocityinFeetperSec.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
13
14
15

VelocityHeadinFeet
0.02
0.06
0.14
0.25
0.39
0.59
0.76
1.00
1.12
1.25
1.40
1.55
1.70
1.87
2.05
2.24
2.62
3.05
3.50

Page16

EngineeringData4
C=Costindollarsper1000gallons
r=Powerrateperkilowatthour(dollars)
HPin=HPinputmeasuredatthemeter
H=totalpumpinghead
GPH=Gallonsperhourdischargedbypump
Costper1000gallonsofwater.
Foreachfootofhead:C=746xrxHPin
HxGPH
Costperhour:C=0.746xrxHPin

WaterRequirements
Domestic Use
To supply water for each member of a family for all uses including kitchen, laundry and bath.
To flush toilet...
To fill average bathtub...
To fill ordinary lavatory...
Average shower bath.....
Continuous flow drinking fountain...

30gallonsperday
6gallonsperday
30gallonsperday
11/2gallonsperday
30gallonsperday
50100gallonsperday

Water Required by Livestock

Each horse
Each cow...
Each sheep
Each hog
Each 100 chickens..

10gallonsperday
15gallonsperday
3gallonsperday
5gallonsperday
5gallonsperday

Water Required by Yard Fixtures

1/2" hose and nozzle
3/4" hose and nozzle
Lawn sprinkler
To sprinkle 100 sq. ft. of lawn (1/4" of water)

200gallonsperhour
300gallonsperhour
120gallonsperhour
16gallons

Note:Theaboverequirementsareonlyapproximate,astheconsumptionofindividualsandanimalswillvarybythe
seasonsandweatherconditions.
Inselectingthepropersizepump,itisessentialthatthepumpcapacitybeinexcessofmaximumrequirementsinorderto
provideareserveintheeventthatwaterisrequiredfromseveralfixturesatthesametime.Forexample,wateringthe
lawn,drawingabath,andwaterusedinthekitchensimultaneously,isacommonoccurrence.Itisalsoadvisabletoallow
forthewaterlevelinthewellloweringduringdryyears,thusdecreasingpumpcapacity.

Page17

Gravity Sewer Line Bypass: Flow and Pump Sizing Chart

LineSize % Full Velocity Flow (MGD) Flow (GPM) Pump Size
8"
8"
8"
8"
8
12"
12"
12"
12"
14"
14"
14"
14"
16"
16"
16"
16"
18"
18
18"
18"
18"
20"
20"
20"
20"
24"
24"
24"
24"
30"
30"
30
30"
30"
36"
36"
36"
36"
42"
42"
42"
42"
48"
48"
48"
48"

50%
50%
100%
100%
50%
50%
100%
100%
50%
50%
100
100%
%
100%
50%
50%
100%
100%
50 %
50%
50%
100%
100%
50%
50%
100%
100%
50%
50%
100%
100%
50%
100 %
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50 %
50%
100%

1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
2
/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1' /
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1
/ sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
1
/ sec
2'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
2' / sec
2'/sec
2'/sec

0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.25
0.5
0.5
1
0.35
0.7
0.7
07
1.4
0.45
0.9
0.9
1.8
0.6
1.2
1.2
2.3
0.7
1.4
1.4
2.8
1
2
2
4
1.6
32
3.2
3.2
6.4
2.3
4.6
4.6
9.2
3.1
6.2
6.2
12.4
4
8
8
16

80
160
160
320
175
350
350
700
245
490
490
980
315
630
630
1260
403
805
805
1610
490
980
980
1960
700
1400
1400
2800
1120
2240
2240
4480
1610
3220
3220
6440
2170
4340
4340
8680
2800
5600
5600
11200

Page18

4"
4"
4"
4
4"
4"
4"
4"
6"
4"
6"
6"
6"
4"
6"
6"
8"
6"
6
6"
6"
8"
6"
6"
6"
8"
6"
8"
8"
12"
8"
12"
12
12"
12"
8"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"

Godwin Model
CD100M
CD100M
CD100M
CD100M
CD100M
CD100M
CD100M
CD150M
CD100M
CD150M
CD150
CD150M
M
CD150M
CD100M
CD150M
CD150M
CD225M
CD150 M
CD150M
CD150M
CD150M
CD225M
CD150M
CD150M
CD150M
CD225M
CD150M
CD225M
CD225M
DPC300
CD225M
DPC 300
DPC300
DPC300
DPC300(2)
CD225M
DPC300
DPC300
DPC300(2)
DPC300
DPC300(2)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(3)
DPC300
DPC300(2)
DPC 300 (2)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(4)

54"
54"
54"
54"
60"
60"
60"
60"
72"
72"
72"
72"

50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%
50 %
50%
100%
50%
100%
50%
100%

1'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
2' / sec
2'/sec
2'/sec
1'/sec
1'/sec
2'/sec
2'/sec

5.1
10.2
10.2
20.4
6.5
13
13
26
9.25
18.5
18.5
37

3570
7140
7140
14280
4550
9100
9100
18200
6475
12950
12950
25900

Page19

12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"
12"

DPC300(2)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(5)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(3)
DPC 300 (3)
DPC300(3)
DPC300(5)
DPC300(2)
DPC300(4)
DPC300(4)
DPC300(7)