R8124B MJTW01

MJTW01
Voice Intertripping Equipment
Service Manual
R8124B
MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL
R8124 CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10
INTRODUCTION APPLICATION NOTES INSTALLATION AND HANDLING HARDWARE DESCRIPTION MODEM (Service manual R5927 included) FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS FAULT FINDING INSTRUCTIONS ADDENDUM
CONTENT
1.
1.1 1.2
SAFETY SECTION
Health and safety Explanation of symbols and labels
3
3 3
2. 3.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

Current transformer circuits External resistors Battery replacement Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insertion of modules and pcb cards Fibre optic communication
3 4
4 4 4 4 4 5
4. 5. 6.
OLDER PRODUCTS DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
5 5 6
1.
SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
1.1
Health and safety The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section.
1.2
Explanation of symbols and labels The meaning of symbols and labels may be used on the equipment or in the product documentation, is given below.
Caution: refer to product documentation
Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective/safety *earth terminal
Functional *earth terminal Note: This symbol may also be used for a protective/safety earth terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
*NOTE: THE TERM EARTH USED THROUGHOUT THE PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION IS THE DIRECT EQUIVALENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TERM GROUND.
2.
INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

Equipment connections Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the equipment. Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated. If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all personnel to avoid electrical shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used. Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard. The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5mm2, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked: Voltage rating and polarity; CT circuit rating and integrity of connections; Protective fuse rating; Integrity of earth connection (where applicable) Remove front plate plastic film protection Remove insulating strip from battery compartment
3.
EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits.
3.1
Current transformer circuits Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high level voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
3.2
External resistors Where external resistors are fitted to relays, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if touched.
3.3
Battery replacement Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the equipment.
3.4
Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
3.5
Insertion of modules and pcb cards These must not be inserted into or withdrawn from equipment whist it is energised since this may result in damage.
3.6
Fibre optic communication Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device.
4.
OLDER PRODUCTS
Electrical adjustments Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before making the change, to avoid any risk of electrical shock. Mechanical adjustments The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Draw out case relays Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts. Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card. Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
5.
DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to decommissioning. Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided. The product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any products containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of operation, may apply to the disposal of lithium batteries.
6.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation.
Insulation class: IEC 601010-1 : 1990/A2 : 2001 Class I EN 61010-1: 2001 Class I IEC 601010-1 : 1990/A2 : 1995 Category III EN 61010-1: 2001 Category III This equipment requires a protective (safety) earth connection to ensure user safety. Distribution level, fixed insulation. Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits.
Insulation Category (Overvoltage):
Environment:
IEC 601010-1 : 1990/A2 : 1995 Pollution degree 2 EN 61010-1: 2001 Pollution degree 2
Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.
Product Safety:
72/23/EEC
Compliance with the European Commission Low Voltage Directive. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.
EN 61010-1: 2001 EN 60950-1: 2002
R8124
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
R8124 Chapter 1 Page 1 of 2
Section 1.
1.1
INTRODUCTION AND APPROVALS
Introduction The MJTW 01 is a voice frequency high-security bi-directional intertripping equipment which provides two independent protection signalling commands over a single telecommunications link. Intertripping, also known as transfer tripping, is the controlled tripping of a circuit breaker so as to complete the isolation of a circuit or piece of apparatus. It is initiated from protection at a remote location to effect local tripping independent of the state of the local protection. The MJTW 01 is used in a two-point scheme to effect the tripping of remote circuit breakers and to disconnect faulty transformers, generators, reactors, capacitors, and other main plant from remote current infeeds, and to relieve abnormal system loading conditions. A flexible design together with a choice of modem signalling speeds allows the equipment to be configured to meet industry requirements for intertripping times ranging between 25ms and 100ms. The MJTW01 is fully compatible with existing AREVA T&D 'Teleprotection' equipment, and may be used as a direct replacement of such.
1.2 1.2.1
Approvals British Approvals Board for Telecommunications (BABT) The MODEM has approval for operation on British Telecom or other licensed private wire services for the channels as defined in Publication R-5927 in Chapter 5 of this manual. Approval No. NS/1423/2/M/602104.
R8124A Chapter 1 Page 2 of 2
Section 2.
2.1
RELAY IDENTIFICATION
Model breakdown
MJTW01 S5 0001 A
Design suffix Sequential number Case: S5 rack mounted Intertripping relay Modular relay 2.2 Modem identification BA0226 026 BA0226 027 BA0226 028 Note : 600 Baud channel 1 600 Baud channel 2 1200 Baud
These numbers vary slightly from those identification numbers given for the modem in Chapter 5. This is because the modem publication has assumed vertical mounting of the modem and thus the modem front lettering is different in the publication to how it appears on the MJTW01 relay. The numbers given here are the correct ones for the modem in the MJTW01 equipment.
2.3
Controller module identification BA0282 001 BA0282 002 BA0282 003 BA0282 004 where low voltage power supply, high voltage power supply, low voltage opto-isolated inputs, high voltage opto-isolated inputs, Vx1 is Vx1 is Vx2 is Vx2 is 24/54V 110/250V 24/54V 110/125V i.e. 19.5 65.0V i.e. 87.5 300.0V i.e. 19.5 65.0V i.e. 87.5 150.0V low voltage power supply, low voltage opto-isolated inputs high voltage power supply, high voltage opto-isolated inputs low voltage power supply, high voltage opto-isolated inputs high voltage power supply, low voltage opto-isolated inputs
R8124
CHAPTER 2
APPLICATION NOTES
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
This section deals with the application of the MJTW01 intertripping relay, some examples of which are illustrated. The settings of the relay are explained and the utilisation of the opto-isolated inputs and the output contacts is described. The isolation requirements for British Telecom, or privately owned, circuits are also given.
Section 2.
INTERTRIP SCHEMES
The following schemes are just a few typical examples of how the MJTW01 intertripping relay might be applied in practice. In each case it is assumed that the intertripping scheme is such that the protective relay at one end will be connected to the trip inputs (see Section 5 in this Chapter) of the MJTW01 intertripping relay. The intertripping relay sends messages via the voice frequency communications link to the MJTW01 at the receiving end of the link. If the second MJTW01 relay receives a trip message, it operates its trip output contacts (see Section 6 in this chapter) and causes the circuit breaker at the remote end to which it is connected to operate. 2.1. Internal transformer fault When a power transformer develops an internal fault which does not draw an appreciable current through its terminals, this will be detected by the local differential protection for the transformer but it will not be seen by the remote end of the feeder. The differential protection sends a signal to the circuit breaker at the remote end via the MJTW01 intertrip relay. See Figure 1. 2.2. Transformer tee-off Intertripping can be applied to the transformer tee-off scheme shown in Figure 2. When a fault is detected in the transformer, two intertripping signals are sent to each of the circuit breakers on the transmission line. Once these breakers are open, the isolator can be opened, which effectively removes the transformer from the circuit. Auto-reclose relays can then be used to close the circuit breakers on the transmission line, which allows normal transmission to continue without the distribution circuit. 2.3. Fault between the line transformer and the circuit breaker When current transformers are only located on the feeder side of a circuit breaker, as shown in Figure 3, a fault between the transformer and the circuit breaker will operate just the busbar protection. However the fault will not be cleared unless an intertrip signal to the remote end is sent, as the line protection cannot see the fault.
Section 3.
MODES OF OPERATION
The equipment can be user configured to work in either one of two modes. Mode 1 uses an extremely secure coding method and is fully compatible with existing AREVA T&D 'Teleprotection' equipment. Mode 2 makes use of a coding method featuring a reduced message length, which is very dependable and achieves faster operate times. The details of the message formats in modes 1 and 2 are given in Chapter 6, Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2.
Section 4.
SETTINGS
The settings for the MJTW01 relay are divided into two groups, namely code and function. These will be explained in detail in the following sections and the default settings listed. 4.1. Code settings These settings represent the messages sent and received by the intertrip relay. They are bit patterns which are turned into voice frequency patterns via the modem (see Chapter 6 Section 2.2) and signalled across the communications link. There are 7 code settings and they vary slightly according to whether the equipment is in mode 1 or 2, and they are as follows: (The default settings are given in Section 3.2.2, Chapter 9). Index Code C1 Description Mode 1 Equipment mode of operation This can be mode '1' OR '2', depending on the user requirements. C2 Transmit channel ID code The identification code is transmitted first as part of the whole message. There are 22 channel ID codes, including 7 test codes. The same choice of codes are given in both the transmit and receive codes. C3 Receive channel ID code At the receiving end this ID is checked and validated. There are the same number of receive codes as transmit codes. Description Mode 2 Equipment mode of operation This can be mode '1' OR '2', depending on the user requirements. Transmit monitor code In mode 2, the message being transmitted on any one channel is either a trip code or a 'no trip' code ie. a monitor code.There are 20 monitor codes. These are the same in both transmit and receive codes. Receive monitor code In mode 2, the message being received on any one channel is either a trip code or a 'no trip' code ie. monitorcode.
C4
Transmit trip 1 code There are 15 different transmit trip 1 codes. The user selected code is transmitted along with the channel ID when the relay sees a trip 1 input. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 1 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, an all zeros pattern is transmitted in the trip field.
Transmit trip 1 code There are 20 different transmit trip 1 codes. If a trip 1 input is seen, the user selected code is transmitted. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 1 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, a monitor code will be sent instead. Receive trip 1 code The trip 1 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 1 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted. Transmit trip 2 code There are 20 different transmit trip 2 codes. If a trip 2 input is seen, the user selected code is transmitted. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 2 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, a monitor code will be sent instead. Receive trip 2 code The trip 2 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 2 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
C5
Receive trip 1 code The trip 1 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 1 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
C6
Transmit trip 2 code There are 15 different transmit trip 2 codes. The user selected code is transmitted along with the channel ID when the relay sees a trip 2 input. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 2 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, an all zeros pattern is transmitted in the trip field.
C7
Receive trip 2 code The trip 2 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 2 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
4.2.
Message format for mode 1 In mode 1, the message format includes 2 start bits or synchronisation bits, the identification channel code (4 bits), the trip 1 message (5 bits) and trip 2 message (5 bits). The last 8 bits are the parity check and these are calculated after 16 bits have been counted. The trip codes start with a marker which is 1 if there is a trip and 0 otherwise. This leaves four bits for the trip codes. In the idling state when no trip data is being transmitted, the channel identity is transmitted and the trip 1 and trip 2 patterns are both 00000. Four variable bits in each of the fields, channel identifier, trip 1, and trip 2, allows a maximum of fifteen channel identifier codes and fifteen trip codes for each trip input. These codes are binary representations of the numbers 1 to 15. When the remote loop testing feature is required, the channel identifiers are arranged as seven pairs with one bit of the identifier being used as an odd/even marker for test or normal modes. The following only holds when a special test code has been selected for the channel identifier field pattern i.e. '1t' to '7t'. The test marker is then the least significant bit of the channel ID code, and can be used to switch from the even to the odd address codes. For example, address code '1t' is equivalent to address code '2' (0010) when the test input is not energised, but address code '3' (0011) will be transmitted when the test input is energised.
4.3.
Message format for mode 2 The message format for mode 2 is completely different to that of mode 1. There are only 15 bits per message as there is no parity check at the end. As well as this, the message is not Manchester Encoded. It has instead, 4 synchronisation bits dictating the message start, three 0's and a 1. This is followed by a 1 for a monitor code and a 0 for a trip code. Then there are 10 bits devoted to one of three messages: monitor (no trip), trip 1, or trip 2. This simple format allows for a simpler message processing than in the previous mode. A list of all the possible monitor and trip codes are given as follows :
4.3.1.
Message codes for mode 2 Code number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 Monitor codes 0111001110 1011110101 0111011010 1110100011 1011010110 1011111001 1011101101 1110110011 1111110100 1110101011 1110011110 1110101101 1110001111 1101001111 1111101001 1100110111 1111110011 1110011011 1110110100 1110100111 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 Trip codes 1010110000 1001001100 1001011000 1000100101 1010101000 1000010101 1001001010 1001000101 1000010110 1001100100 0100101010 0100110011 0100100101 0101011000 0100100110 0100101001 1010010110 0100110101 0101000011 0100101100
4.4.
Function settings There are five function settings and they are the same for both modes 1 and 2. Index Code F1 Description MODE 1 and MODE 2 Minimum trip output contact closure time This is the minimum time for which the trip output contacts will remain closed once a trip command has been received.Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds. F2 Action of trip 1 output contacts under communication failure conditions If a communications failure condition occurs during a trip, the action of the trip outputs can be user programmed to hold the trip output contacts as they are, or to reset them to their normally open state. F3 Action of trip 2 output contacts under communication failure conditions Same as F2, but acting on trip 2 instead. F4 Minimum communications failure alarm output contact closure time This is the minimum time for which the communication output contacts will remain closed, once a communication failure has occurred. Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds. F5 Communication failure output contacts reset time This is the time delay between the recognition of the reestablishment of the communication link, and the clearance of the communication alarm output contacts. Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds.
Section 5. EQUIPMENT VARIANTS AND TRANSMISSION TIMES

5.1. Modem When ordering the equipment, one of two Baud rates may be chosen for the modem as detailed in the following table. The 600 Baud option has two different channels, one of which is chosen when ordering the equipment. Transmission rates (Baud) 600 Frequency options (Hz) ch 1 ch 2 1500 +/- 200 2500 +/-200 Bandwidth (Hz) 1100 - 1900 2100 - 2900 900 - 2500
1200 5.2. Auxiliary voltage supply
1700 +/- 400
When ordering the equipment, one of two voltage ranges either high or low, may be chosen for the controller module as detailed in the following table. The range of the high voltage module is different for the power supply and the other inputs. There are four variants in total as given in Chapter 1 Section 2. Module ratings Low voltage (all inputs) High voltage (trip 1, trip 2, and test inputs) High voltage (power supply) Nominal range (Volts) 24/54 110/125 Operative range (Volts) 19.5 - 65.0 87.5 - 150.0
110/250
87.5 - 300.0
So the intertripping relay consists of one module which requires either a high voltage or a low voltage power supply and a high voltage or a low voltage optoisolated inputs supply, and one modem which is either 600 Baud with one of two channels selected, or a 1200 Baud modem. 5.3. Transmission times The transmission time of a teleprotection command, is the time elapsed between the moment of change of state at the transmitter input and the moment of the corresponding change of state at the receiver output excluding propagation time. The baud rate, mode of operation, and number of trips being sent in the case of mode 2, will all affect the transmission time. The maximum trip times (excluding the propagation delay time) are tabled below.
5.3.1.
Mode 1 Trip type Single trip Two simultaneous trips Single trip Two simultaneous trips Time (ms) 100 100 55 55 Baud rate 600 600 1200 1200
5.3.2.
Mode 2 Trip type Single trip Two simultaneous trips Time (ms) 45 45 for the first trip and 70 for the second 25 25 for the first trip and 40 for the second Baud rate 600 600
Single trip Two simultaneous trips
1200 1200
Section 6.
INPUTS
There are two standard rear MIDOS connectors at the back of the relay. There are four inputs, one for the auxiliary power supply and three optically isolated inputs for initiating test and trip commands and these are numbered as seen on the external connection diagram, Chapter 11. The controller module consists of four variants, as given in Chapter 1, Section 2 on relay identification, and care must be taken not to exceed the module's voltage range. All input and output circuitry is provided with 2.5kV isolation. 6.1. Power supply input This is capable of working with a range of dc battery supplies and there is a choice of two nominal voltages, either 24/54 V or 110/250 V, depending on whether the equipment requires a low voltage or a high voltage power supply, see Section 4.2. The maximum burden on the auxiliary power supply is 6W. 6.2. Trip 1 input This opto-isolated input needs a dc supply, but this time the choice of nominal voltages is 24/54 or 110/125 V. Again the chosen voltage range depends on whether the equipment contains a low voltage or a high voltage module. A 220/250 input voltage rating may, however, be achieved by the use of external dropper resistors. Contact AREVA T&D for suitable values and ratings. This input initiates the transfer of a trip 1 command. The energised signal input causes a message containing a trip 1 code to be transmitted to the intertripping relay at the far end. This is outlined in the examples in Section 2 above. In mode 2 only the trip signal is boosted by 3dB. The burden of each of the inputs is 2 Watts at maximum nominal rated voltage. 6.3. Trip 2 input This opto-isolated input needs a dc supply, but as in the case of trip 1, the choice of nominal voltages is 24/54 or 110/125 V. Again the chosen voltage range depends on whether the equipment contains a low voltage or a high voltage module. A 220/250 input voltage rating may, however, be achieved by the use of external dropper resistors. Contact AREVA T&D for suitable values and ratings. This input initiates the transfer of a trip 1 command. This energised signal input causes a trip 2 message to be transmitted to the intertripping relay at the far end. This is outlined in the examples in Section 2 above. In mode 2 only, the trip signal is boosted by 3dB. The burden of each of the inputs is 2 Watts at maximum nominal rated voltage. Note: In mode 2, if the two trip inputs are energised simultaneously, the second trip message is sent immediately after the first and the operate time is increased to 1.667 times the first trip time. If this event occurs in mode 1, both trip codes are sent in the same message and consequently both trips are transferred in the normal operate time.
6.4.
Test input NB This input signal will only be valid when the equipment is in mode 1, as the test facility in mode 2 is completely different.
If a test is required, the user may energise this opto-isolated input by using the appropriate voltage supply. The test signal will be ignored unless a test code has been programmed into the transmit I.D. code. This simply means the relay is enabled to perform a test if it is required to do so. An energised test signal will cause a test message to be sent to the intertripping relay at the remote end. Any trips received or trip inputs energised, while a test is under way, will be dealt with in the normal fashion.
Section 7.
OUTPUT CONTACTS
There are four pairs of normally open trip 1 output contacts, four pairs of normally open trip 2 output contacts, and two pairs of normally open test contacts. There are two pairs of normally open communication failure contacts and one pair of normally closed scheme fault contacts. These output contacts must be wired according to the external connection connection diagram Chapter 11 and/or the scheme diagram. 7.1. Trip 1 output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing trip 1 codes via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its trip 1 output contacts. 7.2. Trip 2 output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing trip 2 codes via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its trip 2 output contacts. 7.3. Test output The control of the test output varies according to whether the relay is configured for operation in mode 1 or mode 2. 7.3.1 Mode 1: If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing a test marker via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its test output contacts and the test led illuminates, only if its receive ID code is programmed with a test code. The test message is not reflected back to the other relay, unless the user chooses to wire the test output back into the test input and send a test message back in that manner. This has a flexible application and can be used for the transfer of an extra command if required. 7.3.2 Mode 2: If the test key is pressed in this mode of operation, the local relay closes its test contacts and its test led illuminates. Any trip will be received as normal but a trip input at this stage will be ignored. The relay will transmit the expected receive code instead of the normal transmit code while the test is in progress. This allows a communications loopback to be applied for fault finding on the communications link. 7.4. Communication failure output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message via its communications link from the MJTW01 at the other end, which it does not recognise, or it receives no messages at all, the communications failure output contact will close after a user-programmable (function setting 5, F5) length of time.
7.5.
Scheme fault output This is a normally closed contact which is held open throughout the operation of the equipment and closes in the event of a communications failure, a software or a processor failure, loss of supply, or invocation of the operator interface.
Section 8.
ISOLATION TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS
When the MJTW01 is to be used on British Telecom telephone circuits, or privately owned circuits, there is a requirement for a 15kV isolation transformer. This is connected between the relay and the circuit, in order to provide circuit isolation.
Section 9. CONNECTION OF THE MJTW01 INTERTRIPPING RELAY WITH A 'TELEPROTECTION' INTERTRIPPING RELAY
N.B. The MJTW01 relay can only be used with the Teleprotection relay when it is configured in mode '1' ie. C1 must be 1 (see Section 3 on code settings above).
In this mode, the two relays are perfectly compatible with one another. Each relay has the same choice of codes for transmit and receive codes. When setting up the equipment ensure that the transmit code for the unit at one end is identical to the receive code of the unit at the other end. Check that the baud rate and channel of the modems at each end is the same. The two relays are connected as normal with a voice frequency communications link.
R8124
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION AND HANDLING
MJTW 01 SERVICE MANUAL
R 8124 Chapter 3 Page 1 of 2
Section 1.
1.1
INSTALLATION AND HANDLING
Receiving Remove the relay from its container and inspect for obvious damage. If damage has been sustained in transit, a claim should be made immediately to the transport company and a report sent to the nearest AREVA T&D office or agent.
1.2
Handling The relay in its case is extremely robust and no special precautions are necessary. However, to prevent the ingress of dirt, it is strongly advised that the two modules are not removed from the case (see Section 1.6).
1.3
Storage If the relay is not required for immediate use, return it to its original wrapper and carton and store in a clean, dry place. The silica gel unit supplied with relays delivered outside Britain should be heated at 60 70C for one hour before being replaced.
1.4
Installation Relays should be installed in a location free from excessive vibration. The relay cases can be supplied for rack mounting only. They are supplied in cases designed for housing in standard 19 inch (483mm) racks.
1.5
Earthing Ensure that the case earthing terminal above the rear terminal blocks is used to connect the relay to the local earth (ground) bar.
1.6
Handling precautions against electrostatic discharge A person's normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronic circuits of AREVA T&D products are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed in the case. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured.
MJTW 01 SERVICE MANUAL
(1) (2)
Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. Handle the module by its handles, frame, or edges of printed circuit boards. Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track, or connectors. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential. Place the module on an anti-static surface, or on a conductive surface which is at the same potential as yourself. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
(3)
(4) (5)
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 147-0F. If making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable to be earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. The wrist strap should have a resistance to ground between 500k to 10M ohms. If a wrist strap is not available, regular contact with the case should be maintained to prevent the build up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. AREVA T&D strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in BS5783 or IEC 147-0F.
R8124
CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Section 1.
MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION
The MJTW 01 is constructed using the AREVA T&D MIDOS technology. With the exception of the voice frequency signalling circuits, all electrical connections are made to standard 28-way MIDOS terminal blocks fitted to the rear of the relay. The voice frequency signalling circuit connections are subject to public telecommunications licensing restrictions and use connections approved by the licensing body. 1.1 Relevant drawing numbers Final assembly in 483mm rack mounted case Controller module Modem Outline External connection diagram 1.2 Relay mounting The MJTW01 is housed in a 4U (178mm) high case suitable for semi-projecting 483mm (19inch) rack mounting. The all-steel case is fitted with a steel front plate which is affixed to the case by means of a hinge at the base. This allows the front plate to hinge open downwards through 180 allowing access to the relay modules. To hold the front plate closed, a magnetic strip is provided which is reinforced by means of a lock and key to restrict unauthorised access. Test blocks etc. which may be used in conjunction with the MJTW01 should be sited such that they are not obscured by the front plate when it is in the open position. With the front plate closed, relay settings are not accessible, and indications are restricted to trip status and evidence of communications failure and scheme fault conditions. There are two modules referred to as the controller module and the modem. The two modules are connected together electrically by means of 20-way insulation displacement connector (IDC) ribbon cable assembly. Either of the modules may be removed from the case once the auxiliary dc supply has been removed by following the instructions given in Section 1.3.1 (controller module) and Section 1.3.2 (modem). The controller module is sited in the right of the relay case when viewed from the front and is identified by a membrane keypad and liquid crystal display. The modem is to the left, and is identified by a black front approximately 230mm x 50mm with white screened printing. 1.3 Withdrawing modules Before withdrawing modules from their case, the user should be familiar with the precautions necessary when handling electronic equipment. See Chapter 3, Section 1.6. BA0284 BA0282 BA0226 BA0287 F10 MJTW01 01
1.3.1
Controller module withdrawal Swing out the two handles located at the top centre front, and bottom centre front of the controller module. Use the handles to partially extract the module from the case. Before the module can be completely withdrawn, the 20-way IDC ribbon cable must be detached from the module. This is done by using the two ejector levers fitted to the connector attached to the aluminium screening plate of the controller module. Note however that there are no user serviceable parts in the controller module, with the exception of the fuse, see Chapter 10 on fault finding. Removal of the module should be avoided unless absolutely necessary in order to minimise the risk of damage which may be caused by poor handling procedures.
1.3.2
Modem withdrawal Unscrew the two captive screws located to the front right and front left of the modem module and partially withdraw the modem. To fully remove the modem it is necessary to disconnect the 20-way IDC ribbon cable assembly by using the two ejector ears on the 20-way modem connector, and remove the two 15-way 'D' connectors which connect the modem to the DIN rail mounted terminal block by undoing the two screws which retain each 'D' connector. Finally, disconnect the protective earth lead from the modem and fully withdraw the module. When replacing the modules, ensure that all connectors are correctly re-fitted. Special attention should be paid to the protective earth connection on the modem.
Section 2.
RELAY HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The MJTW01 comprises two modules housed together in a semi-projecting 483mm rack mounted case. A block diagram of the MJTW01 is shown in Figure 3 page 3 of the sales publication (R-6124)which is included in Chapter 1. In addition to the seven elements shown, there is also a power supply element to power the electronic circuitry. The modem element is realised as one module and all the other elements are contained in the controller module. 2.1 Controller module The controller module is based around an industry standard 80C51 microcontroller integrated circuit. The software which controls the relay operation is stored in an EPROM program store and controls the scanning of inputs to generate digital bit patterns which are transmitted in turn to the modem. Digital bit patterns are also being constantly received from the modem and are used to determine the state the relay outputs should be in. A non-volatile data store is used to hold the relay settings which are entered through a user interface which features a liquid crystal display (lcd) and a membrane keypad.
The controller module comprises five printed circuit boards which are listed with the relevant printed circuit board assembly numbers: Microcontroller and power supply circuit board Display and keypad circuit board Opto-input circuit board Modem interface board Power supply filter board ZJ0149 ZJ0084 ZJ0241 ZJ0242 ZJ0811
The circuit schematic information for these printed circuit boards is contained in three diagrams, the relevant numbers of which are as follows : Controller module diagram Opto-input circuit board schematic Modem interface and relay output schematic These diagrams are available upon request. The circuit schematic information for the microcontroller and power supply, the display and keypad, and the power supply filter circuit boards is shown on the controller module circuit diagram. This diagram additionally shows the electrical interconnection of all the printed circuit boards in the module. Wherever possible, use has been made of ribbon cable assemblies to effect connections between the printed circuit boards. Complementary metal oxide of silicon (CMOS) electronic components have been used to minimise the power consumption of the relay. 2.1.1 Controller module diagram (1 BA0282 01) Sheet 1 of this diagram shows the power supply together with the non-volatile settings store and the input buffers. Sheet 2 shows the microcontroller, the display, the keypad, the program store and the output buffers. 2.1.1.1 Microcontroller and periphery Central to the MJTW01 relay is an industry standard 80C51 microcontroller integrated circuit (IC5). This is an 8-bit microcontroller which operates at 12MHz. It is software controlled, with the program being stored in a 27C256 (IC17) which is a 32kbyte programmable read only memory (EPROM). A serially accessed, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) provides a nonvolatile data store (IC3) for setting information which prevents user defined settings being lost in the event of a power failure to the equipment. There is a reset controller (IC2) which ensures orderly operation during power-up and power-down conditions and, additionally, there is a watchdog circuit (D1, D2, etc.) which causes a reset condition to be generated in the unlikely event of a software failure. All input and output circuitry is buffered by low-power CMOS electronic circuitry. 1 BA0282 01 1 ZJ0241 01 1 ZJ0242 01
2.1.1.2 Keypad The membrane keypad (KBD1) has sixteen keys arranged as four banks of four. The operating software periodically activates each of the four banks in turn by asserting a strobe signal. Each of the four key-switches on the active bank then drives a sense line indicating the state of the key to the microcontroller. 2.1.1.3 Display An eight character, seven segment liquid crystal display (LCD1) is accommodated together with its associated integrated circuit driver (IC1) on the display board fitted to the front of the controller module (ZJ0084). It is used in conjunction with the keypad to allow the user to read and/or change the relay settings. In addition to the lcd there are also seven light emitting diodes (leds) to indicate trip and alarm status. Note that the led reference D8 is not fitted. 2.1.1.4 Power Supply The +12V and +5V supply rails required by the controller module and modem circuitry are derived from the auxiliary voltage supply by means of a switched mode dc-dc flyback converter. Based around a 3524 regulating pulse width modulator integrated circuit (IC8), the power supply generates a fully isolated, regulated 12V rail for the input and output circuit elements. This 12V rail is also regulated by a series regulator integrated circuit (IC10) to give the 5V rail necessary to power the electronic circuits. The input to the power supply and the output from the power supply are both monitored and are used to signal power supply failure conditions to the microcontroller circuitry. There are two versions of power supply which together cover the whole range of standard substation battery voltages according to the table below. Version Low voltage High voltage 2.1.2 Nominal Range (V) 24/54 110/250 Operative Range (V) 19.5 - 65.0 87.5 - 300.0
Opto-input circuit board (1 ZJ0241 01) The opto-input circuit board contains three optically isolated input circuits used to initiate tripping and testing and two miniature hinged armature relays used for indicating communications failure and equipment in test mode. The output relays are of pcb-mounted miniature attracted armature type and are powered from the 12V rail. Each provides two pairs of normally open (form A) contacts. The opto-input circuitry uses a strobing technique to reduce stress on the input circuitry components by ensuring that in the majority of the circuitry, current only flows when the state of the inputs is to be read. Under software control, the microcontroller strobes the inputs by turning on the strobing opto-isolators (OPT2,4,6). This allows current to flow in the input opto-isolators (OPT1,3,5) according to whether the inputs have an auxiliary voltage applied to their terminals. The micro controller reads the inputs and then removes the strobe.
There are two versions of opto-input circuitry which together cover a range of standard substation battery voltages according to the table below. Version Low voltage High voltage Nominal Range (V) 24/54 110/125 Operative Range (V) 19.5 - 65.0 87.5 - 150.0
Fitted across the inputs of each of the opto-isolated input circuits are transient absorption diodes (D7,8,9) and parallel pairs of 12W resistors (R1,2,3 and R23,24,25). The diodes protect against transient overvoltage conditions. The resistors provide a power sink to provide the inputs with immunity to capacitively coupled power system frequency signals. 2.1.3 Modem interface and relay output circuit board (1 ZJ0242 01) Printed circuit board ZJ0242 houses the interface to the modem and relay outputs which signal trips received and scheme failure. The modem interface consists simply of interconnection between the modem ribbon cable assembly and the appropriate signals to the microcontroller. The relay output elements use miniature hinged armature relays of pcb-mounted miniature attracted armature type which are powered from the 12V rail. There are two relay outputs, each providing two pairs of normally open (form A) contacts for each of the trip outputs, giving a total of four form A contacts per trip output. There is also one normally closed contact to indicate a scheme fault. The scheme fault contact is held normally open under healthy operating conditions of the MJTW 01; it will close in the event of an equipment or scheme failure, or in the event of a loss of auxiliary supply to the relay. 2.2 Modem module The modem module is covered separately in the publication R-5927.
R8124
CHAPTER 5
MODEM
HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

A persons normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronic circuits of AREVA T&D products are immune to the relevant levels of electrostatic discharge when housed in their cases. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured. 1. 2. Before removing a module, ensure that you are a same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. Handle the module by its front-plate, frame, or edges of the printed circuit board. Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at the same potential as yourself. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
3. 4. 5.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-0F. If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k 10M ohms. If a wrist strap is not available you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent the build up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. AREVA T&D strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in BS5783 or IEC 60147-0F.
CONTENTS
SAFETY SECTION 1. 1.1 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5. 5.1 5.2 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Ancillary Circuits Line signalling WARNINGS Connection of power supply External control apparatus Interconnections Approval label User instructions TECHNICAL DATA Signal levels Timing Logic levels Carrier alarm relay LED indicators Front panel switches Monitor test points Physical Environmental Power supply requirements High impedance mode (not BABT approved) OPERATION Line termination Modulator Timing Test tone Demodulator Carrier alarm Auxiliary circuits OPTIONS Model number options User options INSTALLATION Mounting Connections, four-wire circuits Two-wire operation Safety earth SETTING UP Selection of modem channel Send level High impedance option 6 10 10 10 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 21 21 22 22
8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9. 10. 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12
COMMISSIONING Send Receive Bias distortion Monitor test points MAINTENANCE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Introduction Modulator Transmit filter Output attenuator and driver Receive buffer Receive filter and delay equaliser Discriminator Carrier detected Carrier alarm Auxiliary receive and send circuits External transmit clock Analogue loopback CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 29
SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment. Health and safety The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section. Explanation of symbols and labels The meaning of symbols and labels which may be used on the equipment or in the product documentation, is given below.
Caution: refer to product documentation
Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective/safety *earth terminal
Functional *earth terminal. Note: this symbol may also be used for a protective/ safety earth terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly eg. power supply.
*Note: The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the direct equivalent of the North American term ground.
Installing, Commissioning and Servicing

Equipment connections Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the equipment. Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated. If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards. Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used. 6
Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard. The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm2, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked: Voltage rating and polarity; CT circuit rating and integrity of connections; Protective fuse rating; Integrity of earth connection (where applicable) Equipment operating conditions The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits. Current transformer circuits Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation. External resistors Where external resistors are fitted to relays, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if touched. Battery replacement Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity, to avoid possible damage to the equipment. Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected. Insertion of modules and pcb cards These must not be inserted into or withdrawn from equipment whilst it is energised, since this may result in damage. Fibre optic communication Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device.
Older Products
Electrical adjustments Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Mechanical adjustments The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Draw out case relays Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts. Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card. Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
Decommissioning and Disposal

Decommissioning: The auxiliary supply circuit in the relay may include capacitors across the supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely isolating the supplies to the relay (both poles of any dc supply), the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to decommissioning. Disposal: It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided. The product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any products containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of operation, may apply to the disposal of lithium batteries.
Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 6A, GEC Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Insulation class: IEC 1010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Class I EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Class I Installation Category (Overvoltage): IEC 1010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Category III EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Category III This equipment requires a protective (safety) earth connection to ensure user safety. Distribution level, fixed installation. Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards. Compliance with the European Commission Low Voltage Directive. Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.
Environment:
IEC 1010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 Pollution degree 2 73/23/EEC
Product safety:
EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 EN 60950: 1992/A3: 1995
Section 1.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Modem BA0226 uses frequency shift keying (FSK) and is for use on either private rented or privately owned circuits. It may be set to operate at one of a number of different baud rates and frequency channels as shown in Table 1, and features multichannel operation at 200, 300, 600 or 1200 baud and fast FSK (FFSK) at 1500 baud. It is thus ideal for applications where limited bandwidth speech, other data equipment or several modems require to share the same bearer circuit. Operating frequencies are selected by means of a plug-in crystal and switch selectable counters. Filter characteristics are realised by the use of switched capacitor filters programmed by a plug-in resistor header to achieve CCITT V.23 and R38A channels or the implementation of other non-standard channels. The apparatus is primarily intended for four-wire operation with 600 ohm balanced termination, but is internally linkable to two-wire operation. Line isolation is achieved using barrier transformers. The fully enclosed unit is intended for mounting in a 6U high Euro sub-rack, but may alternatively be used in a stand-alone mode. 1.1 Ancillary Circuits In addition to the main transmit and receive functions, the following ancillary circuits are provided as shown in the block diagram Figure 1. (i) Combining and branching amplifier for the tee connection of an external APPROVED 600 ohm presented equipment (such as another alternative channel modem for example). A high impedance line option for use with external isolation transformers on a private network not subject to BABT approval. Internal loopback and a test tone generator which can transmit a continuous 0101 pattern for level setting and bias adjustment. Adjustable bias for minium receiver distortion. Carrier fail detector plus upper and lower carrier level alarm. Output boost control. A transmit data clock pulse at the appropriate data rate, which may be either asynchronous for CCITT recommended channels or synchronous, as appropriate, for special channels.
(ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)
1.2
Line signalling The apparatus is not generally suitable for use on circuits with British Telecommunications signalling at 2280Hz. On such circuits, only the following channels may be used. 600 baud, channel 1 300 baud, channels 2, 3 and 6. The apparatus is suitable for point-to-point and multipoint circuits. The apparatus does not require signalling and does not use frequencies below 300Hz. The apparatus does not require any dc interaction with British Telecommunications private circuits.
10
Channel
Baud rate
Centre frequency 1080Hz 1560Hz 2040Hz 2520Hz 3000Hz 1500Hz 2500Hz 1700Hz 1875Hz
Mode
Used bandwidth 240Hz 240Hz 240Hz 240Hz 240Hz 400Hz 400Hz 800Hz 800Hz
CCITT402 CCITT403 CCITT404 CCITT405 CCITT406 CCITT V23 SPECIAL CCITT V23 FFSK *
200/300 200/300 200/300 200/300 200/300 600 600 1200 1500
ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC ASYNC SYNC
* Other special channels available to order (non-approved) Table 1 Available modem frequencies
11
0 15dB Auxiliary output High level detector 30dB Carrier detector 0 00 Phase lock loop discriminator Analogue loopback Equaliser Receive filter
Input level adjustment
Carrier alarm
Received VF
Data carrier detected
&
Received data
12
0 15dB Send filter Tone generator 0 15dB Output level adjustment Clear to send Delay
Auxiliary input
Constant current source
Test data
Send VF
Send data
Boost
Clear to send
Request to send
Figure 1 Block diagram
Section 2.
2.1
WARNINGS
Connection of power supply This apparatus is intended for use when supplied with power from a 12V dc source with characteristics as specified in Section 3.10 and which complies with the relevant legal safety requirements when properly assembled, installed and maintained. The host apparatus must be able to supply adequate power for the modem plus any other auxiliary apparatus drawing power from it. Other usage will INVALIDATE any approval given to this apparatus if, as a result, it ceases to comply with BS 6301:1982.
2.2
External control apparatus The approval of this modem for connection to British Telecommunications Private Speechband circuits is INVALIDATED if the apparatus is subject to any modification in any material way not authorised by BABT or if it is used with, or connected to external control software or external control apparatus which causes the operation of the modem or associated call set-up equipment to contravene the requirements of the standard set out in BABT/SITS/82/01/C. All apparatus connected to this modem and thereby connected directly or indirectly to British Telecommunications Private Speechband circuits must be approved apparatus as defined in Section 16 of the British Telecommunications Act 1981.
2.3
Interconnections The interconnection either directly, or by way of other apparatus, of this modem with ports marked in accordance with BS 6301: 1982 Clause 4.3.1a may produce hazardous conditions on the BT network and advice should be obtained from a competent engineer before such connection is made.
2.4
Approval label Users are reminded that it is the modem that is approved and not any host apparatus. Furthermore, the BABT Assessment Symbol and Approval Label must be applied to the modem and NOT to the host.
2.5
User instructions These modem user instructions MUST be supplied with any host apparatus. Failure to do so will INVALIDATE the Modem Approval.
Section 3.
3.1 3.1.1
TECHNICAL DATA
Signal levels Modem send level Adjustable in 1dB steps from 13.5 to 28.5dBm 0.5dB. The output may also be boosted under external logic control by 3dB; see WARNING below.
3.1.2
Modem receive level The modem may be set to receive at a level in the range 5 to 30dBm. Correct operation is maintained within a margin of 10dB to + 13dB with respect to setting up level.
13
A carrier fail detector operates at a level of 12dB 2dB with respect to setting up level, and a carrier alarm output is given at levels of 6dB 2dB and +12dB 2dB with respect to setting up level. 3.1.3 Auxiliary circuits Auxiliary circuits are provided to perform a combining and branching function between the AUX IN and main SEND circuits, and between the main RECEIVE and AUX OUT circuits. Each circuit may be adjusted in gain over the range +15dB to 15dB in 1dB steps. WARNING For connection to public network privately rented circuits, the maximum level to line of the modem and auxiliary circuits, including any boost facility, must not exceed 13dBm for a single channel or 50 microwatts total power averaged over 1 minute for more than one channel. The boost facility is intended for use with host apparatus which is accessible only to authorised personnel. The apparatus must be installed in a locked room or cubicle such that user access is prevented. Failure to prevent such user access will invalidate any approval given to this apparatus. 3.2 3.2.1 Timing Request to send/clear to send. The modem output is turned on by the request to send signal. A clear to send signal is output after 32ms 20%. 3.2.2 3.2.3 Carrier detected Output time 12ms 20% after receipt of VF signal. Data propagation delay 200/1500 baud 600 baud 200/300 baud 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3. Logic levels Send data, request to send and boost are input signals at 5V TTL logic levels. Receive data, carrier detected and clear to send are free collector transistor outputs for connection at up to 12V dc. External transmit clock output. 5V TTL logic output, square wave at data rate. Logic 0 to logic 1 transition at centre of bit. New data set up on logic 1 to logic 0 clock edge. 3.4 Carrier alarm relay Single make contact. Maximum switched voltage 50V. Maximum switched current 1A. Maximum switched power 30W. 3ms 6.5ms 13ms
These times do not include propagation times due to the transmission medium.
14
3.5
LED indicators TEST RTS SD RD DCD CA Illuminated in test mode if unit transmitting continuous frequency low or continuous 0101 test pattern. Request to send. ON if VF Send requested. Send data. ON if data logic low (Space). Receive data. RED = Space (logic low). GREEN = Mark (logic high). ORANGE = Switching data Data carrier detected. ON if input signal present at sufficient level for correct operation. Carrier alarm. ON if input level is either too high or too low. Normal operating mode Transmits continuous low tone Transmits continuous 0101 pattern.
3.6 3.6.1
Front panel switches NORMAL TEST MK. TEST BIAS
3.6.2 3.6.3
Loopback Connects transmitter analogue output to receive analogue input to allow local testing. Termination Modem and Auxiliary Send outputs may be switched either ON or OFF independently. Either may be terminated by line or by internal load for test measurements.
3.7 3.8
Monitor test points See Chapter 8 Commissioning. Physical The unit is designed to fit the guide rails of a standard 6U high Euro sub-rack. Front panel dimensions 50.8mm wide x 262 mm high. Overall unit depth including connectors 280mm.
3.9
Environmental Working temperature: Humidity: 10C to +55C 5% to 95% RH at 40C non-condensing 12V dc 0.6V dc 90mA max. To be less than 5mV peak High frequency switching spikes not greater than 50mV peak to peak and 1s wide.
3.10
Power supply requirements Voltage: Current: Ripple: Noise:
3.11
High impedance mode (not BABT approved) When working with external line termination transformers supplied by manufacturer, input and output impedances >10k.
15
MODEM BA0226
NORMAL TEST MK TEST BIAS TEST NORMAL LOOPBACK Send TELEPHONE LINE Receive
1 1
RTS SD RO DCD CA BIAS SET RX LEVEL SD 5V 0V RD RXF 0V

TERMINATION INT OFF OFF INT
AUX LINE
MODEM
AUX
THRO ON ON THRO
SEND SET LEVEL TO AUX FROM AUX SEND REC TO AUX 0V FROM AUX LINE MONITOR DTE
Figure 2 Panel layout 16
Section 4.
4.1
OPERATION
Line termination Isolation of the transmission medium is provided by barrier transformers associated with each of the send, receive and auxiliary circuit lines. Signal voltage limiting diodes are also provided on each line circuit.
4.2
Modulator The frequency source is a crystal-controlled oscillator driving a logic divider with two different division ratios. The appropriate ratio, and thus the output frequency, is determined by the state of the serial binary data input. The square wave, which is switched on and off by a logic control, passes to the output via a bandpass filter to limit the sidebands and harmonics, both in the alternative channels and also to meet the British Approvals Board for Telecommunications level requirements above 3.4kHz. Following the filter is a line driver giving high output impedance, which may be coupled via special external line transformers to provide high impedance termination on certain private circuits, but which is terminated in 600 ohm impedance via the internal isolation transformers for connection to public network private circuits.
4.3
Timing The request to send input signal causes the output tones to be switched on. However, a delay is introduced to allow the filters and receiver detection circuits to settle before the clear to send reply signal is given.
4.4
Test tone A test switch at the front of the unit allows either a steady MARK tone (frequency low), or a square wave data pattern at maximum baud rate, to be transmitted continuously thus allowing receiver levels and bias distortion to be set.
4.5
Demodulator The VF input tones are conditioned by a buffer amplifier before passing to a fourstage active bandpass filter using switched capacitor techniques. The buffer amplifier incorporates a variable gain control (adjustable from the front of the unit) together with a fixed attenuator, which may be switched in and out of circuit by means of a pushbutton. When the pushbutton is depressed, the attenuator is switched into circuit and the level setting potentiometer may then be adjusted until Data Carrier Detected goes false as indicated by the extinguishing of an led. If the gain is then increased until the led re-illuminates and the pushbutton is released, the gain will be increased by a further 10dB (approximately) to give the optimum working level into the filter and discriminator circuitry. The VF signal from the filter then passes via a group delay equaliser to a phase locked loop (PLL) discriminator. The PLL output is conditioned by a low pass filter and data slicer to restore logic level signals at the serial received data terminal. A second analogue to logic level translator forms part of the carrier detector circuit. It passes VF tones from the filter to a diode-pump circuit, which after a few cycles of carrier switches the detector output. A further delay is introduced, however, both to protect against the circuit being switched by transient noise spikes on the incoming line and also to allow the PLL sufficient settling time before Receiver Ready is made true.
17
4.6
Carrier alarm In addition to the Carrier Fail detector, two other level detectors are provided to give warning if the received input level becomes either too high or too low, relative to the set-up working level. The high level warning operates approximately 12dB above the normal receive level to indicate that saturation of the input circuits may occur. The low level warning operates approximately 6dB below normal receive level to indicate that receive conditions are deteriorating.
4.7
Auxiliary circuits The incoming main Receive signal also passes to a separate amplifier having adjustable gain, where the signal may be either boosted or attenuated before being fed to a high output impedance auxiliary line driver circuit. As with the main send output, this may be coupled either via external transformers or via the internal 600 ohm matched line isolation circuit. An adjustable gain Receive amplifier is also provided for signals received from an auxiliary input circuit, so that incoming signals may be balanced in level, before being combined with the output from the modem.
Section 5.
5.1
OPTIONS
Model number options The model number is of the form BA0226 XYZ where XYZ is a three digit code which defines the send and receive sections of the modem in accordance with the channel option number as follows: Channel option Send and receive same channel X 0 0 Y 0 0 Z 1 X= 1 2 200/300 baud channel 3 2 Y = Send channel option number 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 200/300 baud channel 4 200/300 baud channel 5 200/300 baud channel 6 600 baud 1500Hz 600 baud 2500Hz Not yet available Not yet available 1200 baud 1700Hz 1500 baud 1875Hz 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Z = Receive channel option number Send and receive different channels
Number 1
Description 200/300 baud channel 2
18
5.2 5.2.1
User options Auxiliary amplifier gains LK 4a LK 4b LK 25a LK 25b Auxiliary Send Auxiliary Send Auxiliary Receive Auxiliary Receive gain range 0 to +15dB gain range 0 to 15dB gain range 0 to +15dB gain range 0 to 15dB
5.2.2
Carrier alarm relay LK 42a Alarm condition, contact normally open LK 42b Alarm condition, contact normally closed For other link options see Sections 7 and 8.
Section 6.
6.1
INSTALLATION
Mounting The modem is mounted in the guide rails of a 6U high Euro sub-rack DIN 41494. A depth of 280mm is required. The unit should be secured in place by the front panel fixing screws. Telephone line connections are via a 15-way D type SOCKET at the rear of the unit, normally supplied with 2.5 metres (nominal) cable. Auxiliary line and high impedance termination connections are via a 15-way D type plug at the rear of the unit. Data line and power connections are via a 20-way ribbon cable connector at the rear of unit.
6.2 6.2.1
Connections, four-wire circuits Telephone line D type. (PL1) SEND Pin 7 Pin 14 RECEIVE Pin 2 Pin 10 Cable colour Cable colour Blue Red or Orange Pin No To AUX RECEIVE 600 ohm: From AUX SEND 600 ohm: SEND high impedance: Hi Lo Hi Lo Hi Lo 19 1 9 15 8 3 11 Cable colour Cable colour Green Yellow or Brown
6.2.2
Auxiliary circuits D type. (SK1)
Pin No RECEIVE high impedance: To AUX RECEIVE high impedance: From AUX SEND high impedance: 6.2.3 Ribbon cable connections Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 6.3 6.3.1 Monitor alarm Clear to send Request to send 0V Ext. Tx Clock Ext. Rx Clock (Not used) 0V Spare Spare Send Data Boost Data carrier detected Receive data 0V +5V (Not used) 12V (Not used) +12V +12V Carrier alarm Carrier alarm (DCD) RD SD TMA (Not used) CTS RTS Hi Lo Hi Lo Hi Lo 4 12 5 11 6 13
Two-wire operation Telephone line Connect as SEND line Pin 7 Pin 14 Colour Colour Green Yellow or Brown
6.3.2
Connect auxiliary connector as follows: Pin 4 to Pin 3 NO AUXILIARY OR HIGH IMPEDANCE CONNECTIONS ARE PERMITTED. Ribbon cable connections are as detailed in 6.2.3 above. 20
6.4
Safety earth A protection earth to the metal case is required as part of the user protection circuit. This is normally achieved automatically via the front fixing screws when mounted in an earthed sub-rack. If an earthed sub-rack is not available, then a safety earth lead should be connected via the Faston connector at the rear of the unit.
Section 7.
7.1
SETTING UP
Selection of modem channel Data channels are provided with baud rate, centre frequency, upper and lower characteristic tones as specified in Table 2 below. Channel option 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8* 9* 10 11 Baud rate 200/300 200/300 200/300 200/300 200/300 600 600 600 600 1200 1500 Centre frequency fo 1080Hz 1560Hz 2040Hz 2520Hz 3000Hz 1500Hz 2500Hz 1700Hz 1875Hz Lower tone fl 960Hz 1440Hz 1920Hz 2400Hz 2880Hz 1300Hz 2300Hz 1300Hz 1500Hz Upper tone fh 1200Hz 1680Hz 2160Hz 2640Hz 3120Hz 1700Hz 2700Hz 2100Hz 2250Hz
*Not yet available Table 2 Channel frequencies The upper tone represents data logic 0' (SPACE) state and the lower tone represents data logic 1' (MARK) state. To set up the modem for a particular channel operation, select the appropriate option items as specified in Section 5.1. Remove top cover of modem by removing four screws on top of cover and two screws at side of cover. Plug selected headers and crystal into modem and set links and switches as indicated in Table 3. Note: Units are normally supplied factory pre-set to order.
21
Channel option MHz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Baud rate 300 300 300 300 300 600 600 600 600 1200 1500
Crystal freq. 4.9152 5.1610 4.4237 6.7584 4.7923 5.6576 3.9744 4.9152 3.6864 6.9888 4.6080
Links
Switch S4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14A 28A 38 6B 11A 13B 13A 28A 38 6B 11A 14B 12A 28A 38 6B 11A 14B 12A 28A 38 6B 11A 14B 17A 28A 38 6B 11A 14B 14A 28A 37 6B 11A 13B 12A 28A 37 6B 11A 14B 16A 28B 38 6B 9A 14B 13A 28B38 11B 9A 12B 15A 28A 36 6B 11A 14B 14A 28B 38 6B 11A 12B
A B B B B A A A A B B B A B A A A B B B B B A A A B B B A A B A A B B B B A B A A A A B B A A A A A B B A B A A A B B A A A A A A B B A B A A A B B A B A A A A A B B B A A A A
Table 3 VF tone selection For BABT approved usage check following links: Four-wire operation Two-wire operation Auxiliary circuits 7.2 Send level The transmit output level to line should be 13.5 +0.4dBm when connected to a correctly terminated 600 ohm load. This level must be checked during commissioning and may be adjusted slightly by pre-set potentiometer RV6, if necessary. This potentiometer is factory pre-set and should not be adjusted in normal service. The output level may be attenuated by up to 15dB using fixed switched attenuators located at the front of the unit as shown in Figure 2. Attenuators are switched in steps of 1dB, 2dB, 4dB and 8dB and are additive. 7.3 High impedance option For high impedance operation (via external barrier transformers) the following link arrangement should be used: LK27 LK23 LK30 LK24 LK35 LK26 LK40 LK41 FITTED OPEN LK27, LK23, LK26, LK23, LK30, LK24, LK27, LK30, LK35, LK26, LK40, LK35, LK40 LK41 LK41 OPEN FITTED OPEN FITTED
LK4 and LK 25 to position B (0dB gain)
22
Section 8.
COMMISSIONING
To facilitate setting-up, set switch S1, located at the front of the unit, to the TEST MK position. This will cause the unit to continuously transmit a square wave data pattern at maximum baud rate. Set AUX to OFF during tests. 8.1 Send Check for correct send level as specified in Section 7.2. Check that the average frequency is the channel centre frequency fo as per Table 2. Note: If more than one VF tone is to be present on the line, the total mean power must not exceed 50 microwatts, ie. if two channels are present, the send level must be -16 dBm etc.
8.2
Receive With the modem receiving tones transmitted as described in Section 8.1, depress pushbutton PB1 on the front of the unit and adjust SET RECEIVE LEVEL potentiometer RV2 until light emitting diode RECEIVE (D2) is just extinguished. Turn RV2 clockwise until D2 re-illuminates and release PB1. The modem receive level is now correctly set.
8.3
Bias distortion Observe the waveform at test point RD, using an oscilloscope, and adjust BIAS potentiometer RV1 to give a square wave output with equal mark-space ratio. If an oscilloscope is not available, an approximate setting may be obtained using an Avometer on 10V dc range and adjusting RV1 to give a reading of 2.4V.
8.4
Monitor test points The main Receive VF signals and Send VF signals from an auxiliary equipment may be monitored at test points on the front panel. These test points are on the customer side of the internal barrier transformer and give a reading approximately 2dB less than the true signal level on the line. Test points for main Send VF signals and VF signals to the receiver of an auxiliary equipment are also provided. These test levels are approximately 2dB greater than the true level to line.
Section 9.
MAINTENANCE
The modem should not need regular routine maintenance. Where a user adopts a policy of routine checking to assess line quality etc. then commissioning tests 8.1 to 8.3 may be used. When a fault does occur, the unit should be returned to the manufacturer for repair and testing. Because of the use of CMOS technology and pre-aligned filters, service in the field is not recommended.
23
Section 10. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

10.1 Introduction The description should be read in conjunction with circuit diagram L1BA0226 01, and covers the system functions of: i) modulation and demodulation to send and receive data via some communication medium. ii) timing logic for turning the unit on and level checking circuits to test the adequacy of received signals. iii) combining and branching amplifiers. The main logic functions use high speed CMOS 74HCxx series integrated circuits operating from 5V dc. Analogue functions operate from effectively 6V supplies derived from the single 12V supply input. 10.2 Modulator The tone frequencies produced by the modulator are derived from the crystal oscillator circuit consisting of crystal X1, IC17 and associated components. The crystal frequency is selected to be divisible to give the required tones for each channel. The division is performed in two stages: a variable division depending upon the data input and a fixed division performed by IC23, which is selectable using links 12 to18. The variable divider IC16, IC25 is loaded with a pre-set value selected by switches S4/1 to S4/7, and counts from this value minus 1 to either 128 or 136. The division required may be expressed as N + 1 or N 1 where N= channel arithmetic centre frequency
1/2
(upper minus lower characteristic frequency) where L = preset load value
N + 1 136 (L 1) = N1 128 (L 1) from which L = 133 4N 17 4 Thus for 1200 baud channel, say N= 1700
1/ 2
(21001300)
from which L = 116 This is set by switches S4/1 to S4/7 in pattern BBABAAA. The fixed division is 2k where k lies between 4 and 9 inclusive. For 1200 baud k = 8, hence link 15A is selected. With input data high (logic 1), the count will progress to 136 before gate IC24/3 goes low, causing IC15/9 to be set low on the negative- going edge of the clock. The counters are, therefore, primed to load the preset value, which occurs on the next positive clock edge. Half a clock pulse later, IC15/9 is re-set to logic 1 and the counters re-start the sequence. The lower tone is thus produced.
24
When the input data is logic 0, IC24/6 is permanently enabled and the count will only go to 128 before the re-load sequence occurs. Thus the count is shorter and the higher tone is produced. The modulator is turned ON by enabling IC23/11 with either the input signal Request to Send or an output from switch SW1 when in either of the test positions. Request to Send also opens gates IC4/4 and IC3/6 to turn ON transistor TR8 and give a Clear to Send output after a delay of approximately 30ms, timed by monostable IC26/6. 10.3 Transmit filter The four stage filter is based on an R5622 (IC8) resistor programmable universal active filter. Each of the four sections comprises a two integrator state variable second order switched capacitor filter, whose time constant is controlled by the sample rate applied to the filters. All of the standard filter transfer function characteristics can be controlled by feeding back the output signal to one or more of the three inputs. For example, the gain from Vout to LP controls the filter clock to centre ratio and the gain from Vout to BP can be used to control the Q of the second order section. The filter uses a constant clock frequency of 115.2kHz and is configured by means of resistors on a plug-in header. For 200/300 baud working, the filter is configured as four stagger-tuned bandpass sections, whilst for 600 and 1200 baud working, the first three sections are bandpass and the fourth is an elliptical low-pass (notch) section. This provides sharper cut-off at the upper end of the passband for 600 baud channel 1 and 1200 baud working. For 600 baud channel 2, the fourth section is configured as an elliptical high pass filter, giving sharper cut-off at the lower end of the pass band. The output resistor on pins 2 and 27 of the header, together with C4, provides compensating roll-off and reduces the level of high frequency switching clock breakthrough. All channel filters are designed to have the same nominal insertion loss, this being in the range 13 to14dB. 10.4 Output attenuator and driver The output from the filter passes via buffer amplifier IC7/1 whose gain may be increased 3dB by turning ON transistor TR1 under the control of the logic input Boost . This drives an attenuator network containing four T section pads giving 1dB, 2dB, 4dB and 8dB attentuation, respectively. Amplifier IC27/8 is a summing amplifier which combines the data and signals from the auxiliary circuit, before being driven to line by the high output impedance driver IC27/14. Switches SW3/b and SW3/c allow the data and auxiliary signals respectively to be switched ON and OFF independently for setting up purposes. The auxiliary circuit input has 0dB gain, but may be set to +15dB gain under special circumstances by changing LK4 to the A position. Data output may be changed approximately 3dB by potentiometer R94 but is normally preset to give a data level to line of 13.5dBm. Switch SW3/a allows the circuit to be driven into an internal load for test purposes, or via the output line barrier transformer T1 with its frequency compensating components C47, C88.
25
10.5
Receive buffer After passing through a line barrier transformer T2, with its associated protection diodes D19 D24, and frequency compensation capacitors C43 C69, the received VF signal may be attenuated by potentiometer R2 before passing to amplifier IC18/7. This has a nominal gain of 30dB, but high pass filtering by C44/R2 and C30/R62 reduces the effect of 50Hz pick-up by approximately 12dB. By closing the Set Receive Level pushbutton, the overall gain is reduced by 10dB. This allows easy setting up by reducing the input sensitivity using R2 until the Data Carrier Detected led is extinguished, and then increasing sensitivity until the led reilluminates. When the pushbutton is released, the correct working margin of 10dB above turn-on level is established.
10.6
Receive filter and delay equaliser The actual Receive filter uses an identical circuit configuration to the Transmit filter as described in Section 10.3. Additional receiver gain is provided by amplifier IC19/7 which has 12 dB nominal gain. Capacitors C24 and C31 provide high frequency roll-off to reduce noise caused by breakthrough of the high frequency filter switching clock. The output from IC19/7 drives the carrier detector circuitry and a delay equaliser formed around IC21. This is a dual two integrator state variable second order switched capacitor filter configured to work as a stagger-tuned all pass filter. It provides group delay equalisation whilst maintaining unity gain at all frequencies. Resistors, which vary with selected channel, are mounted on a separate plug-in header together with discriminator components.
10.7
Discriminator The discriminator is formed around an XR2211 phase-locked loop detector, IC13, whose free-running frequency is determined by C23 and R1, plus a resistor Rx. Since this frequency varies with each channel, resistor Rx is mounted on the plug-in header (pins 2 and 23) particular to each channel. The resistor on pins 1 and 24 determines the loop tracking bandwidth and the capacitor on pins 4 and 5 sets the loop damping. When in lock, the output from the loop phase detector IC13/11 is passed via a post detect filter R74/C26 and RN2/CF to an amplifier IC14/1 and Sallen-key low pass filter formed around IC14/7. Capacitor CF is mounted on pins 20 and 21 of the header and is selected according to baud rate, but the fixed lowpass filter is tuned to 600Hz to provide attenuation of carrier frequencies, whilst passing data frequencies. The filter output (sometimes known as the eye-pattern) is connected to an FSK comparator inside the PLL (IC13), where it is compared to a reference voltage and gives out data in the form of logic 0s and 1s. Resistor R59 provides positive feedback across the comparator to facilitate rapid transition between output logic states. When no carrier frequency is present, the phase-locked loop will hunt and random output data is produced. To prevent this being passed on, the data output is gated with Data Carrier Detected in IC4/1 such that it is held in the logic 1 idle state until genuine carrier presence is detected, thus allowing only good data on signal RD. A bi-coloured led(D4 ), is biased to mid- supply voltage, such that it glows either red or green depending upon whether IC11/4 is low or high, respectively.
26
10.8
Carrier detected The VF output from the receive filter also drives amplifier IC19/1 providing approximately 8 dB gain and then an analogue to logic converter IC19/8, which operates down to levels corresponding to an input of approximately 42dBm. There is local hysteresis to define the switching threshhold of IC19/8 and also an overall hysteresis via transistor TR6, which effectively increases the sensitivity by about 3dB once carrier is detected. The output of IC19/8 drives a diode-transistor pump circuit D11, TR5, C9, C10, which requires a few cycles of carrier to pump down the voltage on C9 to a point where level comparator IC19/14 switches. Capacitor C9 is being constantly recharged by a resistor on pins 3 and 22 of plug-in header, whose value varies with channel frequency. When carrier is lost, it requires a time of typically 2 to 4ms to re-charge to a level which turns off IC19/14. When carrier is initially recognised, monostable IC26/9 is triggered, disabling IC24/11 for a further period of nominally 10ms. Filter R92/C35 prevents gliches appearing on the DCD output due to propagation delay through IC26. The output of IC24/11 also drives the data carrier detected led indicating that carrier is being received. In operation, carrier must be present long enough to complete the pumping sequence plus the monostable delay before carrier detector is true and the DCD signal is output. Once detected, the circuit is insensitive to short breaks in carrier of up to 2 to 3 milliseconds, but for longer breaks it turns off without further delay.
10.9
Carrier alarm In addition to the carrier detected circuit, the output from the receive filter amplifier IC19/1 also drives a peak detector circuit IC18/1, D8, C6. Each positive half cycle of carrier charges C6 to its peak value via diode D8, and this level is compared with a reference voltage derived from R47/R8 ( 2.7V) in comparator IC9/7. If the received level falls below the reference, IC9/7 switches high causing the exclusive or gate IC30/3 to switch high and turn ON transistor TR2. This causes the carrier alarm relay RL1 to operate, and led D6 turns ON to indicate the alarm state. Gate IC30/3 also triggers monostable IC6/6 to produce a nominal 5 second pulse, which maintains the alarm ON for a minimum period of 5 seconds or longer if the condition remains. A similar detector circuit is formed around D7, C2 and comparator IC9/1. If the output of receive buffer IC18/7 becomes too high ( 12dB above setting up level), comparator IC9/1 switches low and again causes the alarm condition.
10.10
Auxiliary receive and send circuits The main receive input also connects to buffer amplifier IC7/7, which provides approximately 8dB gain before passing the VF signal via a 15dB attenuator adjustable in 1dB steps, to an output driver circuit for auxiliary equipment. The output circuit may be set for either overall 0dB gain with LK25 in the B position or +15dB gain with LK25 in the A position. The driver circuit IC28/7 has a constant current output, which may be used to provide high impedance greater than 10k, via SK1/5, or if LK24 is fitted it is terminated by R109. This together with barrier transformer T3 and its associated compensating components C49, C70 provides a buffered 600 ohm output. Switch SW3-d allows the signal to be diverted into an internal load for test purposes the levels being monitored on the front panel test points.
27
In a similar manner, an input from some external auxiliary equipment is provided via barrier transformer T4. This input is buffered by IC27/9, - which provides 8dB gain, before passing through a 15dB attenuator to the combining amplifier IC27/8, previously referred to in Section 10.4. 10.11 External transmit clock The modem provides a transmit clock, which may be either synchronous or asynchronous to the VF carrier depending upon channel used. For asynchronous operation, the clock is generated from the baud-rate generator IC12, which runs at 64 x baud rate and produces the 115.2kHz clock on output pin IC12/15 used to drive the switched capacitor filters. The required data baud-rate clock of 200, 300, 600 or 1200 Hz is selected via LK38, 39, 37 or 36 respectively and is then divided by 64 in counter IC5. The output from IC5/2 passes via LK28A and buffers IC32/8 and IC32/6 to provide the final output. For synchronous operation, the clock is derived directly from the VF carrier frequency. Depending upon the ratio of VF frequencies, an output of 2 or 4 x VF frequency is selected from the outputs of IC23 by one of the links LK12 to18. This drives a shift register, which after a number of clock pulses selected by links LK511 causes IC33/9 to toggle. Two division ratios are selected and controlled by gates IC31/3 and IC31/6, depending upon the state of data input. For example, at 1500 baud the VF ratio is 1 : 1.5 (1500 : 2250 Hz). The counter, therefore, divides by 2 if the data is logic 1 as controlled by IC31/3 and LK6B, or divides by 3 as controlled by IC31 and LK11A if the data is logic 0.Toggle IC33/8 then divides by 2 to give the effective output ratio of 1 : 1.5 from the initial clock selected by LK12B at 4 x VF frequency. The external clock is also used to drive toggle IC33/6, which changes state at every data bit. This output is used as data in the test mode, as selected by SW1/6, and produces the 010101 test pattern. 10.12 Analogue loopback Test switch SW2 takes the VF data output from IC7/1, attenuates it by approximately 27dB to give the correct receive level and switches it back into the VF Receive input as a substitute for the normal input. This allows the modem to talk to itself for test and setting up purposes.
28
Filter common connections C59 D7 +5V 0.1 R33 100K C2 1 R32 3 IC9 358 2 IC19 064 3 0.1 062 2 R53 R45 1M +VA 3 10 C65 R90 +5V 0V 14 R63 82K 22 R62 13 12 11 R61 4.7K R69 10K R93 10K 064 15K 100K 0.1 15 14 Q 4538 TP21 PL2/12 IC11 11 IC24 0V LK2 3 2 R13 1K 0V R15 10K IC11 3 14 0V ALB 25 4 3 5 4 GN 02 IC4 R8 RD 330 R9 270 0V 1 14 R29 1K C35 1000p 1.5K 1 2 R57 33K D5 DCD R50 33K TR4 BC109 0V +5V PL2/13 TR3 BC109 0V RD C9 0.1 1N4148 +VA 4 IC19 D9 +5V RL1/1 A LK42 B 0V 7 12 PL2/20 R47 12K R43 10K 34.8K R52 10K V Ref 9 IC19 064 R70 8 10 R64 33K R68 18K C10 .033 V Ref 12 TP17 R24 1 RN2 2 10K 56K 6 5 55K 4 0V RD FTP2 358 7 4 RN2 3 R86 +VA 56K B IC14 R59 680K R75 +5V 13 D11 1N4148 R56 4.7K VA D10 C 4V7 150K R66 1.8K TR5 BC109 TR6 BC109 8 XR2211 PLL 4 2 R74 3 23 C25 4700p C11 .047 R1 10K 5 20 100K Set bias 4 R60 21 C14 0.1 D25 1N4148 R58 470K 23.2K C13 0.1 1 56K 56K 22 RT 12 Data 7 ODET REF Out 11 10 Detector 0.1 R37 R51 12K 100K R146 10K BAT42 C6 1 4 14 PL2/19 Carrier alarm 9 R65 15K C19 470p R72 10K R79 10K 02 7 IC19 1 6 C8 D8 8 10 9 1 C20 3 IC18 358 8 IC11 7 266 IC9 LK3 IC4 3 3 2 5 8 DA1002 2 1 56K IC30 1 R49 15K R44 56K 3.9K CA D15 +5V 5 Q B 4538 4 A Q IC6 CLR D6 R11 LK1 1 2 +12V 6 0V TR2 0V R71 25 26 18 17 20 064 2 C32 6 16 23 8 33K C31 3300p 0.1 R80 220K 1 7 HP 4 RN3 13 LP 5 5622 BR 470p 27 5 3 33K IC20 C24 4 12 RN3 5 33K R28 10K R25 1M R46 10K 1 R27 10K RL1 6 BC109 BAT42 4.7 1M 0V R20 +5V C7 LA
V ref R147 1K Aux. RX 3 RN3 14 6 RN3 11 33K 13 8 RN3 9 14 15 HP 6 10 9 33K 5622 BR 11 24 LP IC20 33K 3 4 1 33.2K 6 HP R84 12 33.2K 11 10 5 HP 2 RN3 15 33K 14 13 LP 5622 BP 7 R83 5622 BP LP IC20 8 IC20 33K 10 RN3 7 0.1 R148 10K C74 .01 C76 .01 C75 .01 C73 .01 C81
R41
R40
10K
+12V R149 10K
15K IC7
R107
062
FCLK
FCLK +VA TR10 BC109 VA VREF FCLK +VA VA VREF
12 19 5622 2 4x filter 9 12 14 5621 1 2x filter 3
SW2
470
High Z
SK1/4
R108
LK35
GND
SK1/12
6.8K
3 2 ALB R6 470 5 IC18
LA
0V
PL1/10
R131
C61
T2
FTP10 REC LK41
062
C30
0.1
TP20 16 RN3 1 33K
39
D24 C3V3
6.8
C44 .015
R54
R55
Main receive 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 28 22
C69 .027
C43 .033
R106 560
68K
PL1/2
D19 C3V3
R2 50K
Set level
27K R48 3.01
R82 3.3K
C77 1000p
PB1 TP18 +VA 6 RN4 11 13 RN4 4 2 RN4 15 .01 13 1 IC13 0.1 33K R73 2 In LDF 3 10K 0.1 C21 R14 1K 14 CT 33K 5 RN4 12 FTP4 RXF C23 C22 0V R67 22K
V ref
Set Receive Level
DCD
High Z 7 RN4 10 1 RN4 16 33K 9 RN4 8 33K 8 D25 1N4148 14 15 16 17 18 19 7 9 33K 14 RN4 3 Aux TX 11 C1 .01 10 9 33K
SK1/6
R122
LK27
R124 5
IC29
D14 +5V 11 B C6V8 12 A IC26 CLR Q D13 C4V7 13 +5V 12 R92 00 13
GND
SK1/13
6.8K 0V
470
SK1/15 C26 5600p 7 RN2 8 6 RN2 5 C12 0.1 56K 0V IC14 R85 1 358 2 23.2K
R133
C63
T4
From FTP14 LK26 aux
062
33K IC21 4 LP 7 HP 5621 2 6 BP+ 5 BP 33K IC21 11 LP 8 HP 5621 13 9 BP+ 10 BP
39
From aux. send
D22 C3V3
6.8
C45 .015
R128
C71 .027
C52 .033
R121 560
15K
From aux. attenuator 1, 2, 4, 8dB
SK1/8
D21 C3V3
R123 56K
R129 10K
R18 604
3 4
R19 604
+5V
V Ref
R78 +5V 5 B 16 RN1 1 R42 8 RN1 9 33K 33.2K 0V 33K IC23 3 11 EN 4040 Q4 5 15 SW3b IC25 A B LK 18 17 5 2 1 IC30 4 1,2,4,8dB 15 14 CLK EN 2 V Ref 9 Aux RX 4 R34 0V 10K B 14 LK 6 11 9 5 7 8 10 10 IC32 R35 11 EN 4040 3 2 LK28 A 00 8 9 B IC31 R125 10K 10 9 +5V C46 1000p R125 2.2K 0V V Ref 6 IC31 IC31 9 CK 00 00 266 8 R119 604 10 10K IC5 1 2 5 4 10 IC30 11 R17 604 R113 1 To aux. attenuator 2 1,2,4,8dB 3 4 R118 1.82K C67 .01 A R116 R115 2.15K 14K R117 20.5K LK25 B 0V C50 10 2 3 2 062 IC28 2.15K 1 R114 2.55K 6 5 062 IC28 7 +5V A 7 5 6 3 6 7 8 4017 4 5 10 1 R 13 3 4 R105 604 C48 .01 0V IC10 2 IC24 CLR Q IC15 13 Send attenuator 1 00 3 10K 266 0V R16 604 1 6 R145 12 13 14 15 16 19 10K 0V 3.9K R30 19.1K R104 18K R94 10K 10 R152 SW3c R26 B LK4 A C41 R100 470p R103 R101 9 34K IC27 064 8 2.55K 13 R102 2.15K R42 10 R98 2.15K 12 064 2.15K IC27 Aux TX R81 10K 16 17 18 Q5 3 Q6 2 Q7 4 Q8 Q9 13 12 C15 0.47 19 20 10 +5V CK Q3 6 33K 33.2K 4 P1 161 Q3 11 5 P2 6 P3 14 13 12 11 D2 RTS 10 S4 R76 10K 3 8 13 R7 1.5K 6 TP15 3 RN1 14 10 RN1 7 6 RN1 11 7 A
Modulator
Test tone input TP16 Send filter
15M
TP19
5 RN1 12 18 27
3 062 2
IC7 1 R22 2 C5 C3 15K R38
IC17 33K IC8 LP 5622 10 7 BP 6 HP R31 9
U04
IC17
U04
C27 0.1
4 A
SW2 4 5 6 R4 22K 8 1 1 R39 C4 3300p 21 28 22 BST 0.1 R36 220K 10K 36.5K TR1 VN2222L 0V R5 1K V Ref
S4
R96 10K
0V
R77 1K
33K IC8 LP 5622 1 4 BP 5 HP 2 RN1 15
33K IC8 26 LP 5622 11 24 14 BP 15 HP 6 23
X1
33K IC8 LP 5622 20 17 BP 16 HP 4 RN1 13 7 33K
C17 33p
C16 68p
9 1 10 7 2
9 1 10 7 2
L P0 CL T P CK
0V
3 4 5 6 P1 P2 P3 L P0 IC16 CL 161 T P Q3 CY CK Q1 13 LK20 11 15
+5V
+5V
13
LK30 Send FTP8 14 R99 402 TP22 C40 10 FTP7 R91 560 R97 301 C47 .033 SW3a
R95 180 LK23 T1 C60 6.8 C68 .027 D18 C3V3 R130 39
SK1/3
U04 10 12 PR 9 D Q 74 11
High Z
R140 10K
U04
IC17
IC17
PL2/11
Boost
R139
IC32
D1 Test
IC24
12
00
PL1/7 4 Main send 3 D17 C3V3 PL1/14
BST
+5V
10K
14
R21 10K
R23 1.5K
R138 10K
+5V
08
PL2/10
R137
IC32
10
Send data
08
12
+5V
10K
14
IC3
0V 11 13 02 IC4
R10 1.5K
IC3
X2
TE
D3 SD
LK21
1.8432MHz
LK40
R120 180 FTP12 To aux R112 402 R111 2.15K TP23 C51 10 SW3d LK24 T3 C62 6.8 R109 560 R110 301 C49 .033 C70 .027 R132 39 D23 C3V3
SK1/5 SK1/11
R144
High Z RX GND SK1/1
R136 10K
6 SW1 0V 16 15 LK22 FCLK to filters
R12
20
15M
21 10 22 23
Request to send
PL2/3
R135
1 Normal TMK SW1 3 Test bias 0V
1K
FTP1
SD
IC12
4411
10K
C72 1000p
0V
To aux receive D20 C3V3 SK1/9
PL2/17
L2
+12V
PL2/18
100
+VA
LK 36 37 39 38
R151 7.5K +5V TE 4 4 5 10K 0V +5V PL2/2 0V Clear to send IC24 08 6 TR8 BC109 R134
R142 470
C56 100
C54 0.1
R143 68
TR11 BC109
V ref
C64
PL2/14
R150 10K
R141 1.5K
C55 100
L1
C53 0.1
0V
R87
68K
0V
PL2/7
PL2/4
REG1
FTP3
100
VA
78L05
LK29
C57 10
Test
C58 10
C22 0.1
C36 0.1
C66 0.1
C79 0.1
C80 0.1
+VA D16 C6V2 0V
A 4 B IC26 0V
0.47 2 1 6 Q 5 4538 6 Q CLR
02
IC24
10 12 PR 9 D Q 11 74 8 CLR Q IC33 13 PU2 R127 10K +5V
R89
IC32 1 PU2 14 2 D PR 8 74 3 6 CLR Q 5 IC33 4 IC32 14 PU1 6
10K
FTP5/6
R88
C39
1K
1000p
PL2/5 Ext. TX clock
Channel option 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Baud rate 300 300 300 300 300 600 600 600 600 1200 1500
Centre freq. 1080 1560 2040 2520 3000 1500 2500 900 2100 1700 1875
Crystal freq. MHz 4.9152 5.1610 4.3237 6.7584 4.7923 5.6576 3.9744 4.9152 3.6864 6.9888 4.6080
14A 13A 12A 12A 17A 14A 12A 16A 13A 15A 14A
28A 28A 28A 28A 28A 28A 28A 28B 28B 28A 28B
Links 38 6B 38 6B 38 6B 38 6B 38 6B 37 6B 37 6B 38 6B 38 11B 36 6B 38 6B
11A 11A 11A 11A 11A 11A 11A 9A 9A 11A 11A
13B 13B 13B 14B 14B 13B 14B 14B 12B 14B 12B
1 A A A A A A A A A B A
2 B B B B B A A B B B B
3 B B B B B A B B B A B
Switch S4 4 5 6 B B A B A B B B B B A A B B A B B A B A B A A A A B A B A A B A A
7 A A A B B A A A A A A
8 A A A A A A A A A A A
HSDI 3 Modem Circuit Diagram LIBA 022601 29
30
31
R8124
CHAPTER 6
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the operating principles of the MJTW01 intertripping relay, how it carries out its various functions of processing data received and data to be transmitted, the coding techniques used, the conditions under which alarms and trips are set and the test facilities available. 1.1. Functional overview An intertripping scheme comprises a pair of equipments with one located at either end of the protected zone. The opto-isolated inputs of each equipment are regularly scanned by the microprocessor. A digital bit pattern is generated according to the state of the inputs with different patterns being used to indicate whether the trip inputs are set or not. This bit pattern is transferred serially into the modem where it is used to modulate a voice frequency carrier signal. This signal is then transmitted over a suitable voice frequency signalling channel to the equipment at the remote end. Upon reception of the voice frequency signals the modem decodes the received voice frequency signals and transfers the received bit pattern to the controller module. When a complete pattern has been received the integrity of the data is checked by the microprocessor. If the received message is validated the bit pattern is checked against expected patterns for received tripping commands. The trip outputs are then switched accordingly. The transmit and receive codes are user selectable from a list of pre-defined codes which are stored in the relay memory.
Section 2.
PROCESSING DATA
Information between the equipment ends is signalled by means of messages. These messages are transmitted and received by an integral modem which provides the interface between the relay controller module and the voice frequency communications circuit. 2.1. Data reception The modem receives voice frequency signals via the communications link. It changes these signals into a bit pattern which is then received and deciphered by the microcontroller in the controller module. The incoming data stream is sampled at 8 times the data rate to allow data and timing information to be extracted. There is a percentage of bit width quality which each bit must exceed before it can be accepted. This percentage is 50% in mode 1 and 62.5% in mode 2. When a bit has been accepted, a flag is set to signal to the rest of the software that a bit is due for processing. The expected messages are stored as RAM variables which are initialised when the equipment powers up, according to the user settings which are held in a non-volatile memory store. When all the bits of one message have been received, the message is compared with the expected messages, one by one until a match is found. If the message does not match any of the expected messages, a communications failure alarm will be set after a certain time. If the message does match, the output logic control causes the appropriate output contacts and leds to operate. 2.2. Frequency shift keying Before the message is transmitted, the modem changes the bit pattern from the microcontroller into a voice frequency signal. The messages are transmitted around a certain carrier frequency, given in Section 5.1 of Chapter 2. Each time a 1 is to be transmitted the frequency decreases from the carrier frequency and each time a 0 is to be transmitted, the frequency increases from the carrier frequency. This technique of changing frequency is called frequency shift keying. 2.3. Data transmission There are three optically isolated inputs which can be energised, trip 1, trip 2, and in mode 1, the test input. Different messages will be transmitted depending on which inputs have been detected (or in the case of mode 2, if a test mode has been entered, by pressing the test key). The inputs are scanned and the appropriate coded messages are pulled from RAM and transmitted one bit at a time. The relevant leds are illuminated and the bit pattern is sent over the communications link to the equipment at the other end.
2.4.
Output logic control There are five different relay outputs which can be operated by the software, namely, commfail, schemefault, trip 1, trip 2 and test. Commfail is operated if meaningless messages or no messages at all are received for longer than one second. Schemefault is operated at the same time as a communications failure, and also on its own when the equipment is taken out of service if the operator interface is invoked, or a software or processor failure is detected, or a failure of the auxiliary power supply occurs. Trip 1, trip 2 and test are operated when these conditions are detected. The data being received causes flags to be set and when the condition is confirmed the outputs are operated correspondingly. See Section 5 for further details.
2.5.
Manchester encoding This is a coding technique for bit patterns which gives extra transmission security. It effectively doubles the message length and as a message will not be accepted unless every single bit is verified, ensures more security. The longer the message is the longer the transmission time for each message. Manchester coding may be defined as each bit sent along with its complement ie. a data 1 transmission is followed by a 0, and a data 0 transmission is followed by a 1. See Figure 1 for illustration.
Message fragment V 1 0 0 1
Manchester encoded fragment of the message : 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Figure 1 Example of Manchester encoding 2.6. 2.6.1. Message format Mode 1 The message is Manchester encoded, but only half the bits need to be stored as every second bit is the complement of the last bit. These bits are stored in a 3 byte register. The first bit is a violation bit such that when Manchester Encoded there are two 1's in succession. The next two bits make up the start of the message, which is called the 'sync' or synchronisation bits. This is followed by the identification channel code (5 bits), the trip 1 message (5 bits) and trip 2 message (5 bits). The last 8 bits are the parity check and these are calculated after 16 bits have been counted.
The trip codes start with a marker, T, which is 1 if there is a trip and 0 otherwise. This leaves four bits for the trip codes. In the idling state when no trip data is being transmitted, the channel identity is transmitted and the trip 1 and trip 2 patterns are both 00000. Four variable bits in each of the fields, channel identifier, trip 1, and trip 2, allows a maximum of fifteen channel identifier codes and fifteen trip codes for each trip input. These codes are binary representations of the numbers 1 to 15. When the remote loop testing feature is required, the channel identifiers are arranged as seven pairs with one bit of the identifier being used as an odd/even marker for test or normal modes. The following only holds when a special test code has been selected for the channel identifier field pattern ie. '1t' to '7t'. The test marker is then the least significant bit of the channel ID. code, and can be used to switch from the even to the odd address codes. For example, address code '1t' is equivalent to address code '2' (0010) when the test input is not energised, but address code '3' (0011) will be transmitted when the test input is energised. If there is no data carrier detect (DCD) signal from the modem, the message is deemed invalid. Otherwise, the program will go on to look for a synchronisation character (sync). The sync is found by searching for three 1's, followed by a zero ie. the two violation bits and then a 1 and a 0 is at the start of every message. At the end of a message, at a bit count of 24 (excludes violation bit) the parity bits are checked to see if these have been received correctly. If the parity bits are the same as the parity bits calculated by the receiver, the received message is applied eg. operate the output contacts etc.
violation V
sync code 1
channel id 0XXXX
trip 1 code TXXXX
trip 2 code TXXXX
parity check PPPPPPPP
Figure 2 Mode 1 message coding
2.6.1.1 The parity check The data for the parity byte may be considered as coefficients of a polynomial. The parity generator divides the data polynomial by x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x + 1 leaving the remainder in the parity store, to be transmitted at the end of the data as the check character. Thus at the receiving end, if the operation is repeated, the polynomial (data and parity) will divide exactly leaving zero in the parity store - providing no transmission errors have occurred. In practice this is carried out by using the following 8 x 16 matrix parity for the polynomial x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x + 1 : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
To calculate the parity for the following bit pattern : 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Take the columns from the matrix corresponding to the 1's in the pattern, add them and the modulo (ie. divide by two) remainders of each individual addition make up the 8 parity bits. 8 0 1 1 0 2.6.2 7 1 0 1 0 6 0 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
+ =
8 bit parity byte
Mode 2 The message format for mode 2 is completely different to that of mode 1. See Figure 3 below. It contains only 15 bits. This is because there is no parity checking at the end and the message is not Manchester encoded. It has instead, 4 synchronisation bits dictating the message start, three 0's and a 1. This is followed by a one for a monitor code, and a 0 for a trip code. Then there are 10 bits devoted to one of three messages: monitor (no trip), trip 1, or trip 2. A data carrier detect must be present for the bits to be processed. A trip message is only acted upon if monitor codes have been received for user programmable time (0.1 s - 0.4 s) prior to this. If the received bits match one of the expected codes the
relevant trip flags are set or cleared, the communication failure flag is cleared and the communications failure timer is reset. If there are no valid messages for a duration of one second, the communications failure timer times out and the communications failure output is operated.
sync code 0 0 0 1
trip marker T
10 bit code for : Monitor, trip 1 or trip 2 X X X X X X X X X X
Figure 3 Mode 2 message coding
Section 3.TRANSMISSION TIMES

3.1. Transmission time The transmission time of a teleprotection channel is the time elapsed between the moment of change of state at the transmitter input and the moment of the corresponding change of state at the receiver output excluding propagation time. The maximum transmission times for the relay are tabled below. 3.1.1. Mode 1 transmission times Trip type Single trip Two simultaneous trips Single trip Two simultaneous trips 3.1.2. Mode 2 transmission times Trip type Single trip Two simultaneous trips Time (ms) 45 45 for the first trip and 70 for the second 25 25 for the first trip and 40 for the second Baud rate 600 600 Time (ms) 100 100 55 55 Baud rate 600 600 1200 1200
Single trip Two simultaneous trips
1200 1200
Section 4.INPUT FUNCTIONS

There are two standard rear MIDOS connectors at the back of the relay. There are four inputs, one for the auxiliary power supply and three optically isolated inputs for initiating test and trip commands. These are numbered as seen on the external connection diagram, Addendum. The controller module consists of four variants, as given in Chapter 1, Section 2 on relay identification, and care must be taken not to exceed the module's voltage range. 4.1. Power supply input The equipment will not carry out its functions unless the correct terminals on the MIDOS rear connectors have been energised with the appropriate power supply for the controller module. 4.2. Trip 1 input This input initiates the transfer of a trip 1 command. The energised signal input causes a message containing a trip 1 code to be transmitted to the intertripping relay at the far end. In mode 2 only, the trip signal is boosted by 3dB. 4.3. Trip 2 input This input initiates the transfer of a trip 2 command. The energised signal input causes a message containing a trip 2 code to be transmitted to the intertripping relay at the far end. In mode 2 only, the trip signal is boosted by 3dB. Note: In mode 2, if the two trip inputs are energised simultaneously, the second trip message is sent immediately after the first and the operate time is increased to approximately 1.667 times the first trip time. If this event occurs in mode 1, both trip codes are sent in the same message and consequently both trips are transferred in the normal operate time.
4.4.
Test input NB. This input signal will only be valid when the equipment is in mode 1. If a test is required, the user may energise this opto-isolated input by using the appropriate voltage supply. The test signal will be ignored unless a test code has been programmed into the transmit ID code. This simply means the relay is enabled to perform a test if it is required to do so. An energised test signal will cause a test message to be sent to the intertripping relay at the remote end. The test led and output contacts of the relay at the remote end will operate upon reception of the test message. Any trips received or trip inputs energised, while a test is under way, will be dealt with in the normal fashion.
Section 5.OUTPUT CONTACT FUNCTIONS

There are four pairs of normally open trip 1 output contacts, four pairs of normally open trip 2 output contacts, and two pairs of normally open test contacts. There are two pairs of normally open communication failure contacts and one pair of normally closed scheme fault contacts. These output contacts must be wired according to the external connection connection diagram Addendum and/or the scheme diagram. 5.1. Trip 1 output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing trip 1 codes via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its trip 1 output contacts. 5.2. Trip 2 output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing trip 2 codes via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its trip 2 output contacts. 5.3. Test output The control of the test output varies according to whether the relay is configured for operation in mode 1 or mode 2. Mode 1: If the MJTW01 relay receives a message containing a test marker via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, it closes its test output contacts and the test led illuminates, only if its receive ID code is programmed with a test code. The test message is not reflected back to the other relay, unless the user chooses to wire the test output back into the test input and send a test message back in that manner. This has a flexible application and can be used for the transfer of an extra command if required. Mode 2: If the test key is pressed in this mode of operation, the local relay closes its test contacts and its test led. illuminates. The relay will transmit the expected receive monitor code instead of the normal transmit code while the test is in progress. This allows a communications loopback to be applied for fault finding on the communications link. Any trip will be received as normal but a trip input at this stage will be ignored, and no trip message will be transmitted. 5.4. Communication failure output If the MJTW01 relay receives a message via its communication link from the MJTW01 at the other end, which it does not recognise, the communication failure output contact will close if messages are not getting through correctly for several
reasons. In mode 1 these reasons are, if there are no messages understood for more than one second, if there is carrier detect failure, or a manchester violation, or a parity failure, or a channel ID failure. In mode 2 the reasons are, if there are no messages for more than one second or, if a trip has been received before a monitor code has been received, for a user-programmable (function setting 5, F5) length of time. 5.5. Scheme fault output This is a normally closed contact which is held open throughout the operation of the equipment and closes in the event of a communications failure, a software failure, or if the power supply is lost, or if the user has invoked the operator interface. If the power supply is lost, the scheme fault output contact will operate but the led will not illuminate.
R8124
CHAPTER 7
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the embedded software of the MJTW01 intertripping relay. It can be divided up into different parts namely initialisation, receiving and transmitting data, control logic and operator interface software.
Section 2.
PROCESSING SOFTWARE
Having decided which mode the equipment is in, and initialised the rest of the variables, the real-time software is split into three broad functions which are carried out simultaneously. These functions are the receive and transmit parts of the program, the flowcharts for which can be found in Figures 4 and 5. Operating the output contacts is another important part and this is done just before the data is transmitted. Also, the operator interface is run as an out of service routine, the menu software is invoked when the real-time software sees a keypress. 2.1 Initialisation Under the control of a 1ms timer interrupt, the relay settings are read from the nonvolatile EEPROM store. The values returned are checked to ensure that they are within the valid ranges. If any are out of range then an error is reported via the operator interface, see Section 4 of Chapter 8. The liquid crystal display (lcd) and light emitting diodes (leds) are initialised. If there is no erroneous setting data retrieved from the EEPROM chip, the communications failure and scheme fault outputs and leds are set and the intertripping software is activated. 2.2 Interrupts The processing of received data is a background task which is carried out in the main software loop. It is interrupted by the other tasks which run on the 8051's interrupt system. There are three interrupts utilised by the software, one external and two internal timers : transmit clock interrupt (txcint), a timer based on this external transmit clock interrupt from the modem and a 1ms timer interrupt.
The first two interrupts are used exclusively by the intertripping software and the 1ms timer interrupt is used on initialisation of the software and when the operator interface is invoked.
2.2.1
External transmit clock interrupt (txcint) This is driven by an input signal from the modem through port pin P3.3, and depends on the baud rate (either 1200 or 600) of the modem. At 1200 Baud, the time interval between interrupts is 0.832ms and at 600 Baud, this is 1.672ms. i.e. 1/1200 bits/s = 0.833 x 10-3 s
This interrupt controls the timing of the real-time software functions. The period of the transmit clock interrupt is measured and is used to initialise a timer interrupt which controls the reception of data (ie. a receive UART function) from the modem. The transmit clock interrupt controls the transmission of data, the led status information, the timing and control of the relay outputs, the scanning of inputs and the maintenance of a watchdog timer. 2.2.2 Internal timer The internal timer is based on the external transmit clock interrupt from the modem. It occurs in fact, eight times as often as the Baud rate. This is because every time a bit is received, it is sampled 8 times to check its bit width quality. When the equipment is online, this interrupt triggers the watchdog which ensures the processor does not get reset. 2.2.3 1ms timer interrupt. When the equipment is out of service, and on initialisation, this interrupt triggers the watchdog which ensures the processor does not get reset. It also deals with reading and writing to the EEPROM, and other monitor routines which are used for testing. It is disabled while the other two interrupts control the intertripping software. See graphs of the interrupts Figures 1 and 2 below.
1200 baud 1/8 1200 baud 1ms monitor
500s
833s
1000s
time Figure 1 Graph of the microprocessor interrupts in 1200 baud
600 baud 1/8 600 baud 1ms monitor ............... 500 s 1000 s time
Figure 2 2.3
Graph of the microprocessor interrupts in 600 baud
Data reception The incoming data stream is sampled at eight times the data rate such that, in effect, each data bit received is sampled eight times. There is a percentage of bit width quality which each bit must exceed before it can be accepted. This percentage is 50% in mode 1 and 62.5% in mode 2. When a bit has been accepted, a flag is set to signal to the rest of the software that a bit is due for processing. Here is a brief description of the process. The expected messages are stored as RAM variables which are initialised when the equipment powers up. When all the bits of one message have been received, the message is compared with the expected messages, one by one until a match is found. If the message matches with one of the expected messages, the output control logic causes the appropriate output contacts and leds to operate. If the message does not match with any of the expected messages, a communications failure alarm will be set after a certain time. See flowchart Figure 4.
2.4
Data transmission Three inputs can be set, trip 1, trip 2, and in mode 1, the test input. Different messages will be transmitted depending on which input has been detected, (or in the case of mode 2 if a test mode has been entered by pressing the test key). The inputs are scanned and the appropriate coded messages are pulled from RAM and transmitted one bit at a time. The relevant leds are illuminated and the bit pattern is sent over the communications link to the equipment at the other end. See flowchart Figure 5.
2.5
Output logic control There are five different outputs which can be operated by the software, namely, commfail, scheme fault, trip 1, trip 2 and test. Commfail is operated if messages are not getting through correctly for several reasons. In mode 1 these reasons are : if there are no messages understood for more than one second, if there is carrier detect failure,
if there is a Manchester violation, if there is a parity failure, if there is a channel ID. failure. In mode 2 the reasons are : if there are no messages for more than one second if a trip has been received, before a monitor code has been received for a certain length of time. This time is determined by function setting 5. Scheme fault is operated at the same time as the communications failure, and on its own when the operator interface is invoked or the relay is faulty. Trips 1 and 2 and test are operated when these conditions are detected by the software. The data being received causes flags to be set and when the condition is confirmed the contacts are operated correspondingly.
Section 3.
MENU SOFTWARE
The operator interface is made up of a keypad, 7 light emitting diodes (leds), and a liquid crystal display (lcd). When the user wishes to view or change settings, a key must be pressed and the equipment is brought out-of-service. In this condition, it is not performing its intertripping duties until the 'restore' key is pressed and the equipment is brought online again. The key pad is scanned periodically for a key press. This is done by scanning the sense lines on the hexadecimal keypad and detecting a key press from one of 4 keys only in mode 2 and one of three keys only in mode 1. The software for the operator interface is divided into five main sections, one section for each key pressed, and one for error detection. The keypad has 16 keys on it, but only four of these will invoke the menu software initially - 'test', 'step', 'code setting', or 'function setting'. Any other keypress will be ignored at this stage. The menu software that is called sets up the 1ms interrupt required (see Section 4.1 on interrupts), disables the two intertripping software interrupts and turns off all contacts and leds except for the scheme fault which is used to indicate the equipment is offline. The 1ms interrupt controls the software timing of the menu software and also maintains functions such as input strobing and watchdog triggering. One of the sections to be entered is then selected by creating a different mode for each one these are detailed in the following sections. The position of the user in the menu software can be identified using the mode and level attained. There are 4 levels as illustrated by Figure 3 below.
Offline
Test
Step number restore
Code func
Function code restore restore number step code function
restore
step code function
test/reset
enter
restore
test/reset
enter
restore
Figure 3
Structure of the operator interface software
There are six different 'modes' in which the software can be run: Mode error step func code test online 3.1 Error mode It is unlikely that any errors would occur in the initialisation of the variables but here is a description of how the software deals with them if they should occur. On initialisation, the EEPROM registers are read and each value is checked to see if it falls into the correct range for that setting. Each time an out of range error is detected, a number is reflected back onto the lcd The user can look up the error list and identify the setting and correct it using the keypad facilities. Additionally, the software checks for a correct modem and reports an error if the modem is not connected. In this case, the error is cleared by connecting the correct modem and reapplying the power. If any errors have been found by the time all of the EEPROM registers have been read and checked, the software goes out of service automatically and enters 'error_mode' which displays the first error message. An error message is reported to the lcd in the form "err x", where x is a number which uniquely identifies the error. Each subsequent press of the 'step' key, displays the next error. See error list Section 4.1 of Chapter 8. The first errors are related to the modem connection. The other errors refer to the EEPROM registers which may be out of range. This could be due to some form of data corruption and can readily be rectified by the user through the operator interface. 3.2 Step mode Bringing the equipment out of service using the step key causes the first setting on a list of current settings to be displayed on the lcd. Each ensuing press of the step key from this starting point, displays each subsequent setting on the current setting list, in turn. At the head of this list, the current state of the opto-isolated inputs trip 1, trip 2 and test is displayed. At the end of the code and function setting list, the software reference number is displayed and then the word 'finish'. Pressing the step key again causes the list to wrap around and the first setting is displayed again. Description lcd displays error number displays list of current settings allows change to function setting allows change to code setting mode 2 test mode restore to service
The second function of the step key comes into play when changing the settings but this time the software is not in 'step_mode'. There are two types of setting, code and function settings which amount to 12 different settings. The user has a further option on the value of each of these settings and these values are held in code memory (EPROM chip), until a setting is changed. These settings can be stepped through using the step key while in 'code_mode' or 'func_mode', see Sections 3.3 and 3.4 on these modes. 3.3 Code mode This is entered when the 'code' key is pressed. A software module is entered initially which causes the lcd to display "C..." and then looks for another keypress. A certain sequence of key presses will keep the software in code_mode. Each time a key is pressed a new level is entered on the operator interface. This helps the software to keep track of its position while the relay is out of service. For instance if the user wished to change the value of a code setting, this is how it would be done. Key press Code setting Number between 1 and 7, say '3' Step Step (again) etc. Enter 3 Level 0 1 2 "C..." on lcd "C3 "C3 "C3 7t" on lcd 1" on lcd 2" on lcd etc. Action
"C3 2" flickers off and then on again and the new value for the function setting is stored in the EEPROM chip Restores relay to service - now in service again with the new settings
Restore
---
If the user does not wish to 'enter' a new setting after all, the procedure can be abandoned at any time by pressing a different key other than 'enter' such as 'restore'. When a number is pressed in the above sequence, the code setting required is displayed on the lcd. The software then awaits another keypress. If the 'step' key is then pressed, the software displays the next value of the code setting which could take the place of the current setting. Again the program looks for the next key press. If this is 'enter', the new value of code setting is written into the appropriate register in the EEPROM chip. The software ignores any keypress activity which is not expected, for instance pressing the 'step' key when the lcd displays "C...". 3.4 Func mode
This is operated in a very similar manner to that of code_mode, except that function settings are the issue instead of code settings. Func_mode is entered when the 'function setting' key is pressed. Again, the software module is entered initially which causes the lcd to display "F..." and then looks for another keypress. A certain sequence of key presses will keep the software in func_mode, just as in code_mode (see Section 3.3).
3.5
Test mode
Test_mode is only applicable when the relay is in equipment mode 2. Pressing the test/reset key when the relay is online and performing its normal intertripping functions has a different effect to that of pressing it while already offline.
From online: Pressing the 'test/reset' key invokes a test condition in mode 2. This is carried out when it is desirable to check the communications link from one end only. Usually a send and a receive code will be different on one end to avoid cross link errors. It is possible with the test facility to make these two codes temporarily the same. Then a loopback connection can be put across the send and receive lines of the modem for instance, so the relay can communicate with itself. When the 'test' key is pressed, a testout flag, the test output and the test led are set. The software then returns to an online mode. When the software is running in this mode and sees the testout flag is set, the expected receive monitor code is temporarily transmitted in place of the transmit monitor code. If the test key is pressed a second time, the testout flag, the test led and the test output are cleared and the transmit code is sent as normal. From offline: Pressing the 'test/reset' key invokes a reset condition no matter if the relay is configured for operation in mode 1 or mode 2. This is used when the operator has stepped down through some of the values for a particular setting, and wishes to return to the initial value. Pressing reset will cause the display to show the initial value. This can only occur when the software is at level 2 ie. step has been pressed to step through settings from an already offline condition. The original value of the required setting will then be displayed. 3.6 Online When the 'restore' key is pressed from any position in the menu software, the mode is changed to 'online'. Once this mode has been detected by the software, the initialisation module is called to re-initialise the interrupts, timers and variables and run the normal intertripping software.
R8124
CHAPTER 8
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
The installation and handling procedure in Chapter 3, should be read before attempting to operate the MJTW01. This section explains the use of the operator interface of the MJTW01 intertripping relay. In order to gain access to the operator interface the door must be unlocked and opened. The interface consists of a sixteen key keypad, a seven segment, eight character liquid crystal display and seven light emitting diodes. See Figure 1 below.
INDEX
VALUE
trip 1 send trip 1 receive trip 2 send code trip 2 receive test comms fail scheme fault
Figure 1
func
1 4 7 0
2 5 8
step
3 6 9
restore
test reset enter
Keypad, leds and liquid crystal display
Section 2.
MENU SYSTEM EXPLAINED
There are twelve settings on the equipment which may be changed by the user, via the operator interface. The value of each of these settings is held in a register in the EEPROM chip, which holds this information safe in the event of a power supply failure. If a value is changed, the new value is written to the appropriate register in the EEPROM instead. When the equipment is first powered up, this non-volatile chip will hold the default settings. These may be changed to other settings using the choice given by the operator interface. A list of the setting indices and corresponding names is given on the inside of the door of the case. This form of cross reference is used as there is a limit to the number and type of characters which can be displayed
on an 8 character 7 segment lcd. The following explains exactly what can be done with the operator interface and how to carry out any changes to the userprogrammable settings. 2.1. Invoking the operator interface If the equipment is in mode 2, the operator interface may be invoked by pressing one of four keys on the keypad ie. 'function setting', 'code setting', 'test', or 'step' keys. If however, the equipment is in mode 1, only the three keys 'function setting', 'code setting', or 'step' apply. This is because the test facility differs in modes 1 and 2. If one of these keys is pressed, the equipment is taken out of service, the scheme fault led will illuminate, the scheme fault output contact will close, and any other output contacts and leds will be extinguished. The remote end equipment will register a communications failure and scheme fault when this is carried out. The equipment can be restored to service at any time by pressing the 'restore' key. Care must be taken when restoring the equipment to service, that the settings will be understood by the equipment at the far end of the communication link. The receive code on one equipment for instance, must be the same as the transmit code on the other equipment or they will be unable to communicate correctly. 2.2. Viewing the settings The settings may be viewed each in turn by pressing the step key when the equipment is in service. This brings the equipment out of service, and displays the current status of the trip 1 input. Pressing the step key a second time displays the current status of the trip 2 input and a third time the test input. To view the next setting simply press the step key again. Then the code settings can be displayed one by one, followed by the function settings. Finally the software reference number is displayed and then the word 'finish' indicates the end of the list. When the end of the list is reached, further presses of the step key will cause the list to wrap around and the first setting will be displayed again and so on. NB. The setting list may only be viewed in this manner if the step key is pressed while the equipment is still in service. If the step key is pressed at any other time while the operator interface is invoked it has a different function (see Sections 2.3 and 2.4)
2.3.
Code settings There are seven code settings in either modes 1 or 2. In mode 1, these correspond to the codes of the Teleprotection equipment which the MJTW01 has been designed to replace, and which were implemented through switches on the Teleprotection modules. When changing the mode of operation from 1 to 2 or vice versa, the default code and function settings for that mode are programmed automatically into the relay. Any change being made to the other settings must therefore be made after the mode change has been entered.
The message formats for both modes 1 and 2 are given in Sections 4.2 and 4.3 of the applications chapter in this manual. These sections are in fact repeated here for the sake of the completeness of this chapter. 2.3.1. Message format for mode 1 In mode 1, the message format includes 2 start bits or synchronisation bits, the identification channel code (4 bits), the trip 1 message (5 bits) and trip 2 message (5 bits). The last 8 bits are the parity check and these are calculated after 16 bits have been counted. The trip codes start with a marker which is 1 if there is a trip and 0 otherwise. This leaves four bits for the trip codes. In the idling state when no trip data is being transmitted, the channel identity is transmitted and the trip 1 and trip 2 patterns are both 00000. Four variable bits in each of the fields, channel identifier, trip 1, and trip 2, allows a maximum of fifteen channel identifier codes and fifteen trip codes for each trip input. These codes are binary representations of the numbers 1 to 15. When the remote loop testing feature is required, the channel identifiers are arranged as seven pairs with one bit of the identifier being used as an odd/even marker for test or normal modes. The following only holds when a special test code has been selected for the channel identifier field pattern i.e. '1t' to '7t'. The test marker is then the least significant bit of the channel ID. code, and can be used to switch from the even to the odd address codes. For example, address code '1t' is equivalent to address code '2' (0010) when the test input is not energised, but address code '3' (0011) will be transmitted when the test input is energised. 2.3.2. Message format for mode 2 The message format for mode 2 is completely different to that of mode 1. There are only 15 bits per message as there is no parity check at the end. As well as this, the message is not Manchester Encoded. It has instead, 4 synchronisation bits dictating the message start, three 0's and a 1. This is followed by a 1 for a monitor code and a 0 for a trip code. Then there are 10 bits devoted to one of three messages: monitor (no trip), trip 1, or trip 2. A list of all the possible monitor and trip codes are given as follows :
2.3.2.1 Message codes for mode 2 Code number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 00011 Monitor codes 0111001110 1011110101 0111011010 1110100011 1011010110 1011111001 1011101101 1110110011 1111110100 1110101011 1110011110 1110101101 1110001111 1101001111 1111101001 1100110111 1111110011 1110011011 1110110100 1110100111 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 00010 Trip codes 1010110000 1001001100 1001011000 1000100101 1010101000 1000010101 1001001010 1001000101 1000010110 1001100100 0100101010 0100110011 0100100101 0101011000 0100100110 0100101001 1010010110 0100110101 0101000011 0100101100
Here is a list of the code settings, a brief description of each for both modes 1 and 2, and the values of the default settings. Index Code C1 Description Mode 1 Equipment mode of operation This can be mode '1' OR '2', depending on the user requirements. Description Mode 2 Equipment mode of operation This can be mode '1' OR '2', depending on the user requirements.
MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL Index Code C2 Description Mode 1 Transmit channel ID code The identification code is transmitted first as part of the whole message. There are 22 channel ID codes, including 7 test codes. The same choice of codes are given in both the transmit and receive codes. C3 Receive channel ID code At the receiving end this ID is checked and validated. There are the same number of receive codes as transmit codes. C4 Transmit trip 1 code There are 15 different transmit trip 1 codes. The user selected code is transmitted along with the channel ID when the relay sees a trip 1 input. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 1 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, an all zeros pattern is transmitted in the trip field. C5 Receive trip 1 code The trip 1 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 1 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
R 8124 Chapter 8 Page 5 of 10 Description Mode 2 Transmit monitor code In mode 2, the message being transmitted on any one channel is either a trip code or a 'no trip' code ie. a monitor code. There are 20 monitor codes. These are the same in both transmit and receive codes. Receive monitor code In mode 2, the message being received on any one channel is either a trip code or a 'no trip' code ie. monitorcode. Transmit trip 1 code There are 20 different transmit trip 1 codes. If a trip 1 input is seen, the user selected code is transmitted. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 1 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, a monitor code will be sent instead. Receive trip 1 code The trip 1 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 1 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL Index Code C6 Description Mode 1 Transmit trip 2 code There are 15 different transmit trip 2 codes. The user selected code is transmitted along with the channel ID when the relay sees a trip 2 input. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 2 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, an all zeros pattern is transmitted in the trip field. C7 Receive trip 2 code The trip 2 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 2 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
R 8124 Chapter 8 Page 6 of 10 Description Mode 2 Transmit trip 2 code There are 20 different transmit trip 2 codes. If a trip 2 input is seen, the user selected code is transmitted. This selected code must be the same as the receive trip 2 code in the second relay. If there are no trips being communicated, a monitor code will be sent instead. Receive trip 2 code The trip 2 code received from the first intertrip relay is checked against this code. It must be the same as the transmit trip 2 code in the first intertrip relay, if the trip is to be asserted.
2.4.
Function settings A similar routine is followed to change the function settings as is for the code settings. There are five function settings as described in the following list, and the default setting for each is given. Index Code F1 Description MODE 1 and MODE 2 Minimum trip output contact closure time This is the minimum time for which the trip output contacts will remain closed once a trip command has been received. Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds. Action of trip 1 output contacts under communication failure conditions If a communications failure condition occurs during a trip, the action of the trip outputs can be user programmed to hold the trip output contacts as they are, or to reset them to their normally open state. Action of trip 2 output contacts under communication failure conditions Same as F2, but acting on trip 2 instead. Minimum communications failure alarm output contact closure time This is the minimum time for which the communication output contacts will remain closed, once a communication failure has occurred. Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds. Communication failure output contacts reset time This is the time delay between the recognition of the reestablishment of the communication link, and the clearance of the communication alarm output contacts. Values from 0.1 to 0.4 seconds can be selected in steps of 0.1 seconds.
F2
F3
F4
F5
2.5.
Changing the settings The following sequence of key presses shows how code setting 3, say, may be changed from a value of 7t (the default value) to a value of 2, and subsequently how a function setting 4 can be changed from its default value of 0.2 s to 0.1 s. When changing from mode 1 to mode 2 and vice versa, the default values for that mode are automatically programmed into the relay, so always change the mode if required to do so, before changing the other settings.
R 8124 Chapter 8 Page 8 of 10 Sample Action "C..." "C3 "C3 "C3 displayed on lcd 7t" 1" 2" on lcd on lcd on lcd etc.
Key press Code setting 3 Step Step (again) etc. Enter
"C3 2" flickers off briefly, and then on again and the new value for the code setting is stored in the EEPROM chip "F..." "F5 displayed on lcd 0.2" on lcd on lcd on lcd on lcd
Function setting 5 Step Step Step Enter
"F5 0.3" "F5 0.4" "F5 0.1"
"F5 0.1" flickers off briefly, and then on again and the new value for the function setting is stored in the EEPROM chip Restores relay to service - now in service again with the new settings
Restore
The different function of the step key can now be seen - it is used to step through the available values for a single setting at a time. The enter key causes the new setting value to be written to the EEPROM register. If the enter key is not pressed, the setting value will not be changed. 2.6. Effect of the reset key Having stepped through the available values when carrying out a setting change, the original value may be displayed again by pressing the 'test/reset' key whence the setting will be reset. If the reset key has been pressed, the operator must start the process again if a setting change is still required, by pressing the 'code setting' or 'function setting' key. 2.7. 2.7.1 Test input action Mode 1 A test can only be carried out if the transmit ID code has a test code as its setting, and the receive ID code at the remote has the same test code. The opto-isolated test input (see external connection diagram Addendum) must then be energised to either a
24/54 V range or 110/125 V range, depending on the module voltage (see Chapter 4 Section 2.2.2). The test contacts and the test led will operate on the equipment at the remote end, to show a test is being carried out over the entire intertripping system. 2.7.2 Mode 2 NB. The mode 2 test function can only be activated when the equipment is on line, performing its normal intertripping function.
Pressing the 'test/reset' key invokes a test condition in mode 2. The test contacts will close and the test led will illuminate to show a test is in progress. This is carried out when it is desirable to check the communications link from one end only. Usually a send and a receive monitor code will be different on one end to avoid cross link errors. The test facility makes these two codes temporarily the same, without changing the code setting values. Then a loopback connection can be put across the send and receive lines of the modem so it can communicate with itself. If the test key is pressed a second time, the test is cancelled, the transmit code is sent as normal and the test led is extinguished and the test output contacts open.
Section 3.
OUTPUT CONTACTS AND LED INDICATIONS
Please refer to the external connection diagram Addendum, and the keypad diagram, Figure 1 Section 1, throughout this section. Each time a 'trip 1 receive', 'trip 2 receive', 'test', 'comms fail' or 'scheme fault' led illuminates on the keypad, the corresponding contacts will close . 3.1. Output contacts There are four pairs of normally open trip 1 output contacts, four pairs of normally open trip 2 output contacts, and two pairs of normally open test contacts. There are two pairs of normally open communication failure contacts and one pair of normally closed scheme fault contacts. These output contacts must be wired according to the external connection diagram Addendum and/or the scheme diagram. 3.2. Leds There are seven leds on the keypad of the drawout module. These may also be seen from the outside of the case with the door closed. They include 'trip 1 send', 'trip 1 receive', 'trip 2 send', 'trip 2 receive', 'test', 'comms fail' and 'scheme fault'. So, for example, if a fault on a power line causes a trip 1 input to be energised, and a trip 1 message to be sent to the remote end of the communications link, the 'trip 1 send' led will illuminate. At the remote end, the 'trip 1 receive' led will illuminate and the trip 1 output contacts will close.
The test led and output contacts will operate in mode 1 if there is a test message received from the remote end, and in mode 2 if the test key is pressed while the equipment is in service. The communications led and output contact will be activated if there is breakdown in communication between the two ends for any reason. The scheme fault led and output contacts will operate automatically in the event of a communications failure, a software or a processor failure, if the power supply is lost, or if the user has invoked the operator interface. If the power supply is lost, the scheme fault led will not illuminate, but the contact which is held open throughout normal operation of the equipment, will close.
Section 4.
ERROR MESSAGES
Error checking is only carried out when the processor is initialised on a power up condition. In the unlikely event of an error message occurring on the lcd, check the error list to see what the problem is and take appropriate action to solve the problem. See Chapter 10 on fault finding. The relay checks for the presence of a modem by monitoring a transmit clock input. If a valid input is not received from the modem, an error is reported. Errors 1 and 2 involve connecting the correct modem, either a 600 or 1200 baud channel, to the drawout module with the auxiliary power supply removed. This is supplied as part of the equipment and is already connected, so there should not be any problem, unless one of the modules is removed. Errors 3 to 15 indicate an out of range value in a setting field. If the operator chooses to view the erroneous setting, the setting field will be displayed as blank on the lcd to indicate the error. This can be corrected by using the operator interface to change the setting to one of the available values, as explained in Section 2.3. Finally, error 16 indicates that the operator interface was in use when the equipment lost its power supply. Ensure that the settings are as they should be by pressing the 'code setting' key and each of the numbers from 1 to 7, and then the 'function setting' key and the each of the numbers 1 to 5. Press the restore key to return the equipment back to service.
4.1.
Error list Index number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Setting* ___ ___ C1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 ___ Problem Modem is not connected Incorrect modem baud rate Out of range - value must be 1 or 2 Out of range - value must be 1 or 2 Value must be between 1 and 15 or 1t and 7t in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 or 1t and 7t in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Setting must be either 'ltch'(ie. latched) or 'off' in both mode 1 and mode 2. Setting must be either 'ltch'(ie. latched) or 'off' in both mode 1 and mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Operator interface was in use when power supply was lost. Settings must be checked and the relay restored to service.
*See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for a description of the various code and function settings.
R8124
CHAPTER 9
COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS
Section 1.
GENERAL
The MJTW 01 is a voice frequency high-security both-ways direct intertripping equipment which provides two independent protection signalling commands over a single telecommunications link. It comprises a controller module and a modem housed together in a 19 inch semi-projecting rack mounted case. The controller module is based on the MVTR 52 autoreclose relay with different input/output circuitry to suit intertripping applications. The modem is the same as is used in the HSDI-3. The equipment is provided with five relay output elements labelled as trip 1, trip 2, test, communications failure, and scheme fault. The trip output elements each provide four normally open contact pairs, the test and communications failure output elements each provide two normally open contact pairs, and the scheme fault element provides one normally closed contact which is held open when the equipment is functioning correctly in the scheme. The relay has three opto-isolated digital inputs labelled trip 1, trip 2, and test. Two versions of opto-isolated input are available to cover the range of battery voltages. The low voltage version covers the range 24 - 54V, and the high voltage version covers the range 110 - 125V. Two versions of auxiliary power supply input circuitry are available to cover the standard range of battery voltages. The low voltage version covers the range 24 - 54V, and the high voltage version covers the range 110 - 250V. Generally, the auxiliary power supply voltage (Vx1) will differ from the opto-isolated input voltages (Vx2), but all three opto-isolated inputs will have the same rating. The input voltage ranges are given in the table below. Version Low Voltage High Voltage (power supply) High Voltage (opto-inputs) Nominal Volts 24/54 110/250 110/125 Maximum Volts 65 300 150 Minimum Volts 19 87.5 87.5
Three versions of modem are available. There is one 1200 baud option and two 600 baud options. Equipment fitted with a 1200 baud modem achieves faster operating times than equipment fitted with a 600 baud modem due to the faster signalling speed. Before commissioning the MJTW 01 it is necessary for the commissioning engineer to have full details of the settings to be used. Of particular importance are: the required mode of operation, the channel monitor codes to be used, and the trip codes to be used.
Section 2.
2.1
COMMISSIONING PRELIMINARIES
Handling of electronic equipment A person's normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronics circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced. The electronics circuits of AREVA T&D productsare completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed in the case. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily. Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module the following precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured. (1) (2) Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case. Handle the module by its handles, frame, or edges of printed circuit boards. Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track, or connectors. Do not pass the module to any person without first ensuring that you are both at the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential. Place the module on an anti-static surface, or on a conductive surface which is at the same potential as yourself. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
(3) (4) (5)
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 147-0F. If making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service, it is preferable to be earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap. The wrist strap should have a resistance to ground between 500k to 10M. If a wrist strap is not available, regular contact with the case should be maintained to prevent the build up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible. AREVA T&D strongly recommends that detailed investigations on the electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in BS5783 or IEC 147-0F.
2.2
Earthing Ensure that the case earthing terminal above the rear terminal blocks is used to connect the relay to the local earth bar.
2.3
Inspection With no dc auxiliary voltage connected, carefully examine the relay to ensure that no damage has occurred during transit. Check on the front nameplate that the model number and rating information are correct. Vx1 Vx2 Rated voltage of auxiliary supply to the controller module. Rated voltage of auxiliary supply to the opto-isolated inputs used to initiate tripping.
Unlock and open the hinged front nameplate. Check that the module references agree with the details on the rating label and that the modules are connected together with the 20-way IDC ribbon cable assembly. 2.4 Wiring Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant external connection diagram and/or scheme diagram. If a test block type MMLG is provided, the connections should be checked to the scheme diagram, particularly that the supply connections are to the 'live' side of the test block (coloured orange and with allocated odd numbered terminals 1, 3, 5, 7 etc.). The auxiliary supply voltage Vx1 for the scheme should be routed via test block terminals 13 and 15. The connections to telephone equipment are made at a DIN rail mounted terminal block inside the relay case. The use of screened cable is recommended for connection to the telephone circuits with the cable screen being connected to case earth inside the case. Additionally it should be checked that the routing of the cable connections to the telephone circuits is routed wherever possible away from the other external connections to the relay. 2.5 Insulation tests The insulation of the relay and its wiring may be tested between all electrically isolated circuits all circuits and earth.
An electronic or brushless insulation tester having a voltage not exceeding 1000V dc should be used. Accessible terminals of the same circuit should first be strapped together. Deliberate circuit earthing links removed for the tests must be subsequently replaced. The outgoing terminal allocation for the relay is shown on the external connection diagram.
2.6
Isolate contacts Isolate the output trip contacts of the relay from operating the tripping circuits.
Section 3.
COMMISSIONING TESTS
The following test instructions are based on injecting signals directly into the relay terminals. However if an MMLG test block is incorporated in the scheme, then it is more convenient to inject signals into the MMLG test block. Refer to the relevant scheme diagram for details. 3.1 Test equipment Frequency counter/timer, min 5 decades, 0-100kHz 1Hz, time 10s - 1s 10s. Digital timer (GECA P&C) Power meter (dB measuring) Digital oscilloscope Multimeter Test leads fitted with 2mm plugs 3.2 Power-up Disconnect the connections to the telephone circuit by opening the test links on the DIN rail mounted terminal block. 3.2.1 DC auxiliary supply Check the rated auxiliary supply voltage Vx1 on the relay front nameplate label and connect a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply to relay MIDOS terminals 41 (+) and 42 (-). Before switching on the supply to the relay check that the 'Scheme Fault' relay contact (MIDOS terminals 26-28) is closed. Switch on the supply and check the following: The 'Scheme Fault' and 'Communications Failure' leds on the front of the controller module are illuminated. There is no display on the liquid crystal display. The 'communications failure' relay contacts and the 'scheme fault' relay contacts are closed. 3.2.2 Mode setting Set the relay operating mode (either 1 or 2) according to customers requirements. With the exception of the channel monitor codes and the trip codes, change all other settings according to the users requirements. Note that the number of settings varies according to the relays operating mode. The default settings are given in the tables below :
Operation in Mode 1 Key Mode of operation Transmit channel ID code Receive channel ID code Transmit trip 1 code Receive trip 1 code Transmit trip 2 code Receive trip 2 code Minimum trip contact closure time Action of trip 1 outputs on comm fail Action of trip 2 outputs on comm fail Minimum comm fail output closure time Comm fail output reset time Operation in Mode 2 Key Mode of operation Transmit monitor code Receive monitor code Transmit trip 1 code Receive trip 1 code Transmit trip 2 code Receive trip 2 code Minimum trip contact closure time Action of trip 1 outputs on comm fail Action of trip 2 outputs on comm fail Index Code C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 F1 F2 F3 Setting 2 4 4 4 4 14 14 0.2s off off Index Code C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Setting 1 7t 7t 15 15 15 15 0.2s latch latch 0.2s 0.2s
R 8124 Chapter 9 Page 7 of 10 Index Code F4 F5 Setting 0.2s 0.2s
Key Minimum comm fail output closure time Comm fail output reset time 3.2.3 Software reference
Record the software reference number and restore the relay to service. 3.3 Commission Modem Commission the modem according to the instructions in Publication R-5927, Section 8 in conjunction with the following notes: 3.3.1 Transmit level to line It is important that the output level for equipment using BT private rented circuits should not exceed -13dBm. When more than one signalling system is present on the pilot circuit, the signalling levels of each tone must not exceed the levels given below if the maximum permitted signalling level is not to be exceeded. Adjust the attenuator switch pads to give correct level to line. 1 tone - maximum level - 13dBm 2 tones - maximum level -16dBm It should also be noted that in mode 2, trip signals are transmitted at a level 3dB higher than the monitor signal level and this must also be taken into account. The recommended level to line for a monitor signal in mode 2 is therefore : -17dBm 0.5dB for a single equipment -20dBm 0.5dB for two equipment sharing the pilot. If it is not possible to make a direct reading on line, a level 3dB higher than the above may be set on modem test points, assuming 3dB loss through the isolation transformers. 3.3.2 Characteristic frequency With the modem set in test BIAS mode (SW1) and NORMAL output (SW2), measure the output frequency. This should be 1500 1Hz for 600 baud channel 1. 2500 1Hz for 600 baud channel 2. 1700 1Hz for 1200 baud. Note this frequency is an average frequency and the frequency counter used should have a gate period of at least 1 second. Leave in this mode for initial setting of remote receiver.
3.3.3
Receive VF levels Measure the incoming VF level to the receiver on the modem front panel test points (REC). With the remote transmitter set as above, the level should be in the range 16dBm to -30dBm.
3.3.4
Receiver setting Depress the SET RECEIVE LEVEL push-button and adjust the associated potentiometer until the light emitting diode DCD is extinguished (anticlockwise). Turn the potentiometer clockwise until DCD just re-illuminates and release pushbutton.
3.3.5
Bias distortion Adjust the BIAS potentiometer until the signal at the RD test point is a square wave output with a 50:50 MARK:SPACE ratio with bit width 1.67ms at 600 baud or 0.833ms at 1200 baud. Note that the connections to the telephone circuit may require remaking at the test links on the DIN rail mounted terminal block to allow the modem to be set up. When the modem is commissioned, the test links should be re-opened.
3.4
Communication loopback Set SW1 on the front of the modem to NORMAL and set SW2 to LOOPBACK. The 'Scheme Fault' and 'Communications Failure' leds on the front of the controller module should extinguish. Check that the 'Scheme Fault' and 'Communications Failure' output contacts open.
3.5
Commissioning for mode 1 operation The following Section applies only to equipment which has been configured for mode 1 operation. For equipment which has been configured for mode 2 operation, proceed from Section 3.6.
3.5.1
Operation of test function in mode 1 Check the rated auxiliary supply voltage Vx2 on the relay front nameplate label and apply a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply to the test input (MIDOS terminals 19(+) and 17(-)). Check that the test led. on the front of the module illuminates, and that all of the test output contacts close. Remove the signal. Change the 'Transmit channel ID code' to '1', enter the value and restore to service. Check that the 'Communications Failure' led. and the 'Scheme Fault' led. both illuminate, and that the 'Scheme Fault' contacts and both of the 'Communications Failure' contacts close. Change the 'receive channel ID code' to '1', enter the value and restore to service. The 'Communications Failure' and 'Scheme Fault' indications should clear. Reapply the
voltage signal to the test input. The test led. should remain extinguished, and all the test output contacts should remain open. Remove the signal. 3.5.2 Mode 1 trip operation Apply a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply simultaneously to the trip 1 input (MIDOS terminals 27(+) and 25(-)) and the trip 2 input (MIDOS terminals 23(+) and 21(-)). Monitor all trip 1 output contacts and all trip 2 output contacts and measure the operate time for both trip 1 and trip 2 from input energisation to output contact closure. Check that the operate time is less than 100ms for 600 baud operation, or 55ms for 1200 baud operation. Check that the four leds labelled 'trip 1 send', 'trip 2 send', 'trip 1 receive', and 'trip 2 receive' are illuminated. Remove the energising signal. 3.5.3 Receive trip 1 codes Change the 'Receive trip 1 code' to '1', enter the value and restore to service. Repeat 3.5.2 but this time the trip 1 output contacts and the ' trip 1 receive' led. should not respond. 3.5.4 Receive trip 2 codes Change the 'receive trip 2 code' to '2', enter the value and restore to service. Repeat 3.5.2 but this time the trip 1 output contacts, the 'trip 1 Receive' led., the trip 2 output contacts and the 'trip 2 Receive' led. should not respond. 3.5.5 Communications failure time Switch SW1 on the front of the modem to test MK and check that the relay indicates a communications failure after approximately 1 second. Set SW1 back to NORMAL. 3.5.6 Transmit trip codes Change the 'transmit trip 1 code' to '1' and the 'transmit trip 2 code' to '2', enter the values and restore to service. Repeat 3.5.2. Check that both trips are received. Leave the voltage signal to the trip inputs applied. 3.5.7 Trip output contact action on communications failure Set SW2 on the front of the modem to NORMAL. Check that the relay indicates a communications failure after approximately 1 second. Check that the trip output contacts remain closed and the 'trip 1 receive' and 'trip 2 receive' leds remain illuminated if the outputs are set to 'latch' in the event of a communications failure, or, that the trip output contacts open and the 'trip 1 receive' and 'trip 2 receive' leds are extinguished if the outputs are set to go off in the event of a communications failure. Re-make the communications link and remove the energising quantity to the trip inputs. Proceed to Section 3.7.
3.6
Commissioning for mode 2 operation The following section applies only to equipment which has been configured for mode 2 operation. For equipment which has been configured for mode 1 operation, Section 3.5 applies.
3.6.1
Mode 2 trip 1 operation Check the rated auxiliary supply voltage Vx2 on the relay front nameplate label and apply a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply to the trip 1 input (MIDOS terminals 27(+) and 25(-)). Monitor all trip 1 output contacts and measure the operate time for trip 1 from input energisation to output contact closure. Check that the operate time is less than 45ms for 600 baud operation, or 25ms for 1200 baud operation. Record the time. Check that the leds labelled 'trip 1 send' and 'trip 1 receive' are illuminated. Switch SW2 to NORMAL and check that the modem send signal level is boosted by 3dB over its nominal value. Return SW2 to LOOPBACK and remove the trip 1 input energising signal.
3.6.2
Mode 2 trip 2 operation Apply a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply to the trip 2 input (MIDOS terminals 23(+) and 21(-)). Monitor all trip 2 output contacts and measure the operate time for trip 2 from input energisation to output contact closure. Check that the operate time is less than 45ms for 600 baud operation, or 25ms for 1200 baud operation. Record the time. Check that the leds labelled 'trip 2 send', and 'trip 2 receive' are illuminated. Switch SW2 to NORMAL and check that the modem send signal level is boosted by 3dB over its nominal value. Return SW2 to LOOPBACK and remove the trip 2 input energising signal.
3.6.3
Mode 2 both trips operation Apply a suitably rated smoothed dc supply or station battery supply simultaneously to the trip 1 input (MIDOS terminals 27(+) and 25(-)) and the trip 2 input (MIDOS terminals 23(+) and 21(-)). Monitor all trip 1 output contacts and all trip 2 output contacts and measure the operate time for both trip 1 and trip 2 from input energisation to output contact closure. Check that the one of the trip operate times is less than 45ms for 600 baud operation, or less than 25ms for 1200 baud operation, and that the other trip time is less than 70ms for 600 baud operation, or less than 40ms for 1200 baud operation. Record the times. Check that the four leds labelled 'trip 1 send', 'trip 2 send', 'trip 1 receive', and 'trip 2 receive' are illuminated. Switch SW2 to NORMAL and check that the modem send signal level is boosted by 3dB over its nominal value. Return SW2 to LOOPBACK and remove the trip input energising signals.
3.6.4
Receive trip 1 codes Change the 'receive trip 1 code' to '5', enter the value and restore to service. Repeat 3.6.1 but this time the trip 1 output contacts and the ' trip 1 receive' led. should not respond.
3.6.5
Receive trip 2 codes Change the 'receive trip 2 code' to '15', enter the value and restore to service. Repeat 3.6.2 but this time the trip 1 output contacts, the 'trip 1 receive' led., the trip 2 output contacts and the 'trip 2 receive' led. should not respond.
3.6.6
Communications failure time Set SW1 on the front of the modem to test MK and check that the relay indicates a communications failure after approximately one second. Set SW1 back to NORMAL.
3.6.7
Transmit trip codes Change the 'Transmit trip 1 code' to '5' and the 'Transmit trip 2 code' to '15', enter the values and restore to service. Repeat 3.6.3. Check that both trips are received. Leave the voltage signal to the trip inputs applied.
3.6.8
Trip output contact action on communications failure Set SW2 on the front of the modem to NORMAL. Check that the relay indicates a communications failure after approximately 1 second. Check that the trip output contacts remain closed, and the 'trip 1 receive' and 'trip 2 receive' leds remain illuminated if the outputs are set to 'latch' in the event of a communications failure, or, that the trip output contacts open, and the 'trip 1 Receive' and 'trip 2 Receive' leds are extinguished if the outputs are set to go off in the event of a communications failure. Re-make the communications link and remove the energising quantity to the trip inputs.
3.6.9
Mode 2 test mode Set the 'receive monitor code' to '6', enter the value and restore to service. Check that a communications failure is indicated. Depress the 'test' key on the controller module keypad and release. Check that the test led. illuminates and that the communications failure indication is cleared. Depress the 'test' key again and release. Check that the test led. is extinguished and that the communications failure indication is restored.
3.7
User code settings Set the transmit channel ID/transmit monitor, the receive channel ID/receive monitor, and all the trip codes to the required user settings. Do this for both MJTW 01 units in the scheme.
3.8
End-to-end tests For the end-to-end tests to be performed it is necessary either to have a commissioning engineer present at both ends of the scheme, or to use the trip outputs at the remote end to initiate a return of the trip command from the remote end using the return intertrip commands. The operation times of the 'looped back' trip times may be recorded if the latter configuration is used.
3.8.1
Monitor restoration Ensure that the connections to the telephone circuit are made by closing the test links on the DIN rail mounted terminal block at both ends of the scheme. Set SW1 and SW2 on the modems at both ends of the scheme to NORMAL and check that the communications failure and scheme fault indications are cleared at both ends of the scheme.
3.8.2
Trip 1 end-to-end Energise the trip 1 input and check that the corresponding trip 1 output contacts close. If the trip command loopback configuration is used, the overall operation time should be twice the one-way operation time measured in Section 3.5 or 3.6.
3.8.3
Trip 2 end-to-end Energise the trip 2 input and check that the corresponding trip 2 output contacts close. If the trip command loopback configuration is used, the overall operation time should be twice the one-way operation time measured in Section 3.5 or 3.6.
R8124
CHAPTER 10
FAULT FINDING INSTRUCTIONS
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
The equipment must be handled with care. See Chapter 3 for instructions on installation and handling of the relay. Always ensure the power supply has been turned off before either module is withdrawn from the case. A failure in the power supply or the printed circuit boards is likely to require specialist equipment for detailed analysis, and the relay should be returned to the factory in this event. The following is a description of some fault finding analysis which can be carried out to resolve directly, some of the problems which may arise.
Section 2. NOTHING HAPPENS WHEN THE POWER IS SWITCHED ON

This is signalled when there is no led indication on the modem or the controller module. 2.1. DC voltage supply Cross reference the module number on the controller module to see if the module is a high or low voltage module, with the numbers given in Section 2 of Chapter 1. See Section 4.2 Chapter 2 for the correct voltage range for both the power supply, and the trip and test inputs. Check that the correct voltage supply has been wired with the correct polarity to the correct terminals as given in the external connection diagram, Addendum. The power supply fuse may need to be replaced if the power supply previously connected was too high for the module. This is found by first of all withdrawing the controller module from the case having taking precautions against electrostatic discharge as outlined in Chapter 3. The fuse can be found on printed circuit board ZH0811 of the module which is attached to the inside of the plastic MIDOS connector. It is the only user serviceable part of the relay. To replace, remove the plastic connector from the sides of the module, taking utmost care not to separate any of the connected wires, and take out the fuse. Replace the fuse with a similar type. For a high voltage power supply use a 1.25A/250Vdc fuse, or for a low voltage power supply use a 1A/250Vdc fuse. Both are fast acting, low breaking capacity fuses. They can be ordered from AREVA T&D by quoting bin number ZB9029 091 for the 1.25A, or ZB9029 090 for the 1A fuse, or from manufacturers such as Belling Lee quoting L1427B, or Bulgin quoting F370 and specifying which fuse is required. Repeated failure of the fuse is however, indication of a more serious problem and the relay should be returned to the factory for repair if this happens.
Section 3.
ERROR MESSAGES
If an error message of the form 'err x', where 'x' is a number, is displayed on the lcd, check the error list below and take the recommended action to correct the error if appropriate. Error checking is carried out when there is a power up or a reset condition. In the unlikely event of an error message occurring on the lcd, check the error list to see what the problem is and take appropriate action to solve the problem. On initialisation, the relay checks for the presence of a modem by monitoring a transmit clock input. If a valid input is not received from the modem, an error is reported. Rectifying errors 1 and 2 involve connecting the correct modem, either 600 or 1200 baud, to the drawout controller module, having removed the auxiliary power supply. The modem is supplied as part of the equipment and is already connected, so there should not be any problem, unless one of the modules is removed. If ensuring correct connection of a suitable modem via the 20-way IDC cable does not resolve the error the relay will need to be returned to the factory. Errors 3 to 15 indicate an out of range value in a setting field. If the operator chooses to view the erroneous setting, the setting field will be displayed as blank to indicate the error. This can be corrected by using the operator interface to change the setting to one of the available values, as explained in Section 2.3 of Chapter 8. Finally, error 16 indicates that the operator interface was in use when the equipment lost its power supply. Ensure that the settings are as they should be by pressing the 'code setting' key and each of the numbers from 1 to 7, and then the 'function setting' key and the each of the numbers 1 to 5. Press the restore key to return the equipment back to service.
3.1
Error list Index number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Setting* ___ ___ C1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 ___ Problem Modem is not connected Incorrect modem baud rate Out of range - value must be 1 or 2 Out of range - value must be 1 or 2 Value must be between 1 and 15 or 1t and 7t in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 or 1t and 7t in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 1 and 15 in mode 1, and between 1 and 20 in mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Setting must be either 'ltch'(ie. latched) or 'off' in both mode 1 and mode 2. Setting must be either 'ltch'(ie. latched) or 'off' in both mode 1 and mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Value must be between 0.1 and 0.4 seconds in both mode 1 and mode 2. Operator interface was in use when power supply was lost. Settings must be checked and the relay restored to service.
See Sections 4.1 and 4.4 of Chapter 2 for a description of the various code and function settings.
Section 4.
COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE ALARM
The scheme fault alarm and led should operate every time the communications failure alarm and led operate. Communications failure may be due to communications link failure, modem failure or incompatibility, or invalid code settings. 4.1. Modem Modem failure or modem non-connection to the controller module is indicated by no illuminated leds on the modem front or an error message on the lcd, see Section 3 of this Chapter. A detailed description of the modem is given in Chapter 5 but the following precautions may be taken to ensure correct operation of the modem. Check that the modem ribbon cable is plugged into the control module at one end, and into the modem at the other end. Check that the cable connections from the Dconnectors on the back of the modem to the DIN rail mounted terminal block are wired according to the external connection diagram given in Chapter 11. Ensure switch 1 on the modem front is set to the normal position and switch 2 is set to the normal position for normal intertripping relay action. Check the module number on the modem to see if the modem has a Baud rate of 600 or 1200. If it is a 600 Baud, check if the equipment is operating on channel 1 or 2. See Chapter 2 Section 4.1. Ensure that the modems at either end of the communications link have the same Baud rate and channel setting. 4.2. Communications Link Indications of a communications link problem are firstly, a modem receive data (RD) led which does not flicker - this shows that the modem is not receiving any data from the communications link. Secondly, if the carrier alarm (CA) led is illuminated or the data carrier detect (DCD) led is extinguished, the received signal power level of the modem may be too high or too low in which case the relay should be recommissioned. Check the receive power level with a suitable power meter according to the values given in Section 3.1 of Chapter 5 on the modem and adjust the level if necessary. If there is no received signal, check the voice frequency connections to both relays in the scheme, using the external connection diagram, Chapter 11. If there is still no received signal, loopbacks can be placed on the communications link at various points, working back along the communications link from the relay in the following manner until the break is found. In mode 2 the test facility makes the transmit monitor code temporarily the same as the receive monitor code. The relay can then be switched into loopback via a switch on the modem front. If the communications failure indications have gone away, the modem can be switched back to the normal position and a test link can be placed between the receive and transmit terminals on the DIN rail of the voice frequency terminal block above the
modem. If the communications failure indications have now gone away, the test link can be placed further back along the communications' link until the source of the communications failure may be found. When the communications link is reestablished, the modem receive level will need to be re-checked as given in Chapter 5, Section 3.1. 4.3. Code Settings Check that the transmit codes C2, C4, and C6 (see Section 3.1 Chapter 2) have each been set to the same code as the receive codes on the other end C3, C5, C7 respectively. This can be done using the operator interface, see operating instructions, Chapter 8. If the equipment is operating in mode 2, there needs to be reception of monitor code for a time before a trip message will be accepted without indication of a communications failure. If this is the case, de-energise the trip input until the communications failure indications have gone away and then the input can be reenergised if required.
Section 5.
SCHEME FAULT ALARM
If the scheme fault alarm operates without the communications failure alarm upon power-up, the operator interface may have been invoked when power supply to the equipment was lost. In this case the scheme fault led on the relay will illuminate. If the power supply is lost entirely, however, the scheme fault output contact will operate but the led will not illuminate.
Section 6.
COMMAND TRANSFER FAILURE
In the case of healthy communications, and a verified wiring scheme, if a trip or a test input energised with a voltage within the correct voltage range for the module, does not cause a trip or a test output contact to operate as expected, there may be a problem with the input or output circuitry of the respective relays or there may be an invalid code setting on one of the relays. Switch the modem into the loopback position and make the transmit codes the same as the receive codes, to check the local end relay for input energisation and output contact closure.
6.1. 6.1.1
Test Mode 1: Note: test input energisation has an effect only on equipment configured for mode 1 operation.
In the case of healthy communications, and with the modem in loopback, if a test input energised with a voltage within the correct voltage range for the module, does not cause the test output contact to operate, check that the module has been programmed with a test code on both the transmit channel ID. and the receive channel ID. If the test receive led is not illuminated in either of the above conditions, check the display on the lcd of the current status of the test input. This is done by pressing the 'step' key when the relay is on-line, thus bringing it off-line and displaying the status of the test input with three presses of the 'step' key. If this indicates that there is test input energisation, the test led may be faulty and the relay will need to be returned to the factory for repair. If the lcd indicates a non-energised input, the input circuitry is faulty and the relay must be returned for repair. If the led and lcd indications are as expected but the output contacts do not close, the output element is faulty and the relay must again be returned. 6.1.2 Mode 2: If pressing the test key fails to operate the led and the test output contact on the local end equipment, the equipment is faulty and must be returned to the factory. If the test receive led is not illuminated in either of the above conditions, check the display on the lcd of the current status of the test input. This is done by pressing the 'step' key when the relay is on-line, thus bringing it off-line and displaying the status of the test input with three presses of the 'step' key. If this indicates that there is test input energisation, the test led may be faulty and the relay will need to be returned to the factory for repair. If the lcd indicates a non-energised input, the input circuitry is faulty and the relay must be returned for repair. If the led and lcd indications are as expected but the output contacts do not close, the output element is faulty and the relay must again be returned. 6.2. Trip Check the trip send led to see if the input energisation has registered with the relay. If the send led is not illuminated, check the display on the lcd of the current status of the trip inputs. This is done by pressing the 'step' key when the relay is on-line, thus bringing it off-line and displaying the status of trip 1 with the first press of the 'step' key, trip 2 with the second, and test with the third. If this indicates that there is trip energisation, the led may be faulty and the relay will need to be returned to the factory for repair. If the lcd indicates a non-energised input, the input circuitry is faulty and the relay must be returned for repair.
There may be an invalid trip code programmed into the relay. With the loopback switch on the modem set to normal, check that the transmit codes C2, C4, and C6 (see Section 3.1 Chapter 2) have each been set to the same code as the receive codes on the other end C3, C5, C7 respectively. This can be done using the operator interface, see operating instructions, Chapter 8. If the codes match, and either the trip received led indications fail, or the output contacts do not close, the module is faulty and the relay must be returned to the factory for repair.
R8124
ADDENDUM
R8124 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD Page 1 of 5 DATE
STATION CIRCUIT RELAY SERIAL NO. DC AUXILIARY VOLTAGE Vx1 Vx2
RELAY MODEL NO.
3.2.1
Check polarity of dc auxiliary voltage Vx1
terminal 41(+) 42()
Check dc auxiliary voltage Vx1 Check 'scheme fault' relay contacts before switch on (closed) Switch on dc auxiliary supply and check: Scheme fault led and comms failure led illuminated No display on lcd Scheme fault and comms failure contacts closed 3.3.1 Transmit level to line measurement Mode 1 1 tone max 13dBm 2 tones max 16dBm Mode 2 1 tone max 17dBm 2 tones max 20dBm 3.3.2 Check frequency 1500Hz 1Hz for 600 baud channel 1 2500Hz 1Hz for 600 baud channel 2 1700Hz 1Hz for 1200 baud 3.3.3 Receiver VF levels Modem test point REC 16dBm to 30dBm 3.3.4 3.3.5 Receiver setting Bias distortion
Hz Hz Hz
dBm
MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL Monitoring RD test point 50:50 mark:space 1.67ms at 600 baud 0.833ms at 1200 baud 3.4 Communications loopback Check 'scheme fault' leds lit and contacts open
R8124 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD Page 2 of 5
ms ms
Check 'comms failure' leds lit and contacts open 3.5 3.5.1 Commissioning for mode 1 operation Check polarity of dc auxiliary voltage Vx2 terminal 19(+) 17() Check dc auxiliary voltage Vx2 Check test led illuminates Check test output contacts close Remove test signal Change 'Transmit channel ID code' to '1', enter and restore to service Check 'scheme fault leds lit and contacts closed Check 'comms failure' leds lit and contacts closed Change 'Receive channel ID code' to '1', enter and restore to service Check 'scheme fault' leds unlit and contacts open Check 'comms failure' leds unlit and contacts open Reapply test signal Test led remains unlit Test output contact remains open 3.5.2 Mode 1 trip operation Monitor all trip 1 and trip 2 output contacts for operation trip 1 trip 2 Check leds are illuminated trip 1 send ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms
MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL trip 2 send trip 1 receive trip 2 receive 3.5.3 Receive trip 1 codes Check no response from trip 1 contacts Check no response from trip 1 receive led 3.5.4 Receive trip 2 codes Check no response from trip 2 contacts Check no response from trip 2 receive led 3.5.5 Communications failure time
SW1 to test Mk - communications failure after 1 second 3.5.6 Transmit trip codes Check both trips received 3.5.7 Trip output contact action on communications failure Check comms failure led lights after 1 second Check either trip output contacts remain closed and trip 1 receive and trip 2 receive leds are lit or trip output contacts are open and trip 1 receive and trip 2 receive leds extinguish if outputs are set to go off 3.7 User code settings Check that the 'scheme fault' and 'comms failure' indications are clear at both ends of the scheme 3.8.2 Trip 1 end-to-end Check remote end trips with trip 1 energised Operate time at local end with remote trip 1 loopbacked 3.8.3 Trip 2 end-to-end Check remote end trips with trip 2 energised Operate time at local end with remote trip 2 loopbacked ms ms
3.6 3.6.1
Commissioning for mode 2 operation Check polarity of dc auxiliary voltage Vx2 terminal 27(+) 25() Check dc auxiliary voltage Vx2 trip 1 operate ms ms ms ms
Check 'trip 1 send' and 'trip 1 receive' leds lit Check send signal level boosted when SW2 to NORMAL 3.6.2 Mode 2 trip 2 operation Check polarity of dc auxiliary voltage Vx2 terminal 23(+) 21() trip 2 operate ms ms ms ms dBm
Check 'trip 2 send' and 'trip 2 receive' leds lit Check send signal level boosted when SW2 to NORMAL 3.6.3 Mode 2 both trips operation One trip operates The other trip operates 3.6.4 Receive trip 1 codes Check no response from trip 1 contacts Check no response from trip 1 receive led 3.6.5 Receive trip 2 codes Check no response from trip 2 contacts Check no response from trip 2 receive led 3.6.6 Communications failure time SW1 to test Mk - communications failure after 1 second 3.6.7 Transmit trip codes Check both trips received ms ms ms ms dBm
3.6.8
Trip output contact action on communications failure Check comms failure led lights after 1 second Check either trip output contacts remain closed and trip 1 receive and trip 2 receive leds are lit or trip output contacts are open and trip 1 receive and trip 2 receive leds extinguish if outputs are set to go off
3.6.9
Mode 2 test mode Check communications failure indication Check test led lights Communications failure clears Check test led clears Communications failure led lights
3.7
User code settings Check that 'scheme fault' and 'comms failure' indications are clear at both ends of the scheme
3.8.2
Trip 1 end-to-end Check remote end trips with trip 1 input energised Measure operate time at local end with remote trip 1 loopbacked ms
3.8.3
Trip 2 end-to-end Check remote end trips with trip 2 input energised Measure operate time at local end with remot trip 2 loopbacked ms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Company Company -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date Date
Publication: R8124B
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MJTW01

Voice Intertripping Equipment

MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL

INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

OLDER PRODUCTS DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Caution: refer to product documentation

Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective/safety *earth terminal

INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

Insulation Category (Overvoltage):

Compliance is demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards.

EN 61010-1: 2001 EN 60950-1: 2002

MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL

MJTW01 SERVICE MANUAL

R8124 Chapter 1 Page 1 of 2

INTRODUCTION AND APPROVALS

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Section 5. EQUIPMENT VARIANTS AND TRANSMISSION TIMES

1200 5.2. Auxiliary voltage supply

1700 +/- 400

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Single trip Two simultaneous trips

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ISOLATION TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS

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INSTALLATION AND HANDLING

MJTW 01 SERVICE MANUAL