TENSES

I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + …. Subject + Verb s-es + ….
They / We He / She
I / You It

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi
berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
• The students go to school everyday.
• She studies English twice a week.
• I go to church on Sundays
• We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:

• The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

• The earth revolves round the sun.

• The pineapple never grows up on a tree.

c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.

When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a
masked man enters.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:
a. Every morning/day/week/month/year
b. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
c. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense

POLA :
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-
ing
FUNGSI;
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu
diucapkan.
Contoh:

• They are still playing at the moment.

• She is reading a novel now.

b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang
berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
 • I am learning French this year.

• Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative),
maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: * Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense

POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 +
….
Has

FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya
tidak tertentu.
Contoh :

• William Shakespeare has written many short stories.

• I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di
waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:

• My friends and I have gone to Bali.

• Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA :
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has

FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan
sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:

• My sister has been studying English for three months.

• The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.

 KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense

POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object +
….

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:

• I met my music teacher yesterday.

• My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.

• Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.

• The students presented their project work this morning.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Last …. - …ago - This afternoon

- Just now - This morning - Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense

POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing
were

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:

• I was studying at my friend’s house.

• My parents were chatting in the living room.

b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu

lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:

• When I was studying, someone knocked the door.

• When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

7. Past Perfect tense

POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3

FUNGSI:
 Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau
muncul.
Contoh:
• The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.

• When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.

8. Future Tense
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 +
…
will

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
• Bobby will come here tomorrow.
• I shall call my parents when I get home.

b. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan

merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
• Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
• We shall die one day.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.

Future Perfect Tense

I will have sung

The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks
about the past in the future.

How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?

The structure of the future perfect tense is:

auxiliary verb auxiliary verb

subject + + + main verb
WILL HAVE
invariable invariable past participle

will have V3
Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense:

subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+ I will have finished by 10am.

+ You will have forgotten me by then.

- She will not have gone to school.

- We will not have left.

? Will you have arrived?

? Will they have received it?

In speaking with the future perfect tense, we often contract the subject and will. Sometimes, we contract
the subject, will and have all together:

I will have I'll have I'll've

you will have you'll have you'll've

he will have he'll have he'll've

she will have she'll have she'll've
it will have it'll have it'll've

we will have we'll have we'll've

they will have they'll have they'll've

We sometimes use shall instead of will,

especially for I and we.

How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?

The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past
in the future. For example:

• The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive,
the train will have left.

The train will have left when you arrive.

past present future

Train leaves in future at 9am.

9
9
.15
 You arrive in future at 9.15am.

Look at some more examples:

• You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
• They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
• "Mary won't be at home when you arrive."
"Really? Where will she have gone?"

You can sometimes think of the future perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of your
viewpoint being in the present, it is in the future:

present perfect tense future perfect tense

| will |
have | have |
done | done |
>| >|

past now future past now future

 SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN

1. Every night, the guard turns on all the lights and …

around the building every half an hour. 11. Novi :“Where did you get the CONTACT magazine?
a. walks Jaka : “ I … it from the library last week. I want to
b. is walking return it now, I … it.
c. walked a. borrowed - read
d. will walk b. lent – have read
c. read – have borrowed
2. I … my holiday in Bali every year. d. borrowed – have read
a. spent
b. spend 12. Dita : “What are you going to do after graduating from
c. will spend Junior High School?”
d. am spending Andi : “ I … my study in vocational school”
a. continue
3. My friend … a lot of photographs when she went to b. continued
Borodudur last month. c. will continue
a. has taken d. have continue
b. will take
c. takes 13. Lina : You look so pale, Han!
d. took Hani : Really? I … a rest yet all day long.
a. will not
4. Four years ago, I … in Bojonegoro, East Java. b. didn’t take
a. have lived c. have taken
b. don’t live d. haven’t taken
c. lived
d. live 14. Rico : Hey, listen! The girls next door …our favourite
song.
5. The students went to the zoo to learn Bilogy …. a. sing
b. sings
a. every Sunday c. will sing
b. next Sunday d. are singing
c. last Sunday
d. on Sundays 15. ‘I know that one of my students … in a big company
since he graduated.’
6. Don’t make noise, please! The baby …. a. works
a. slept b. will be working
b. sleeps c. is working
c. has slept d. has been working
d. is sleeping
16. Andi : Thom, What were you doing when the
7. I met my Elementary School teacher this morning earthquake happened?
when I …. Thom : I … soundly.
a. was waiting a. sleep
b. am waiting b. slept
c. waited c. was sleeping
d. wait d. had studied

8. Bobby was studying Physics when suddenly 17. Meta : What’s your plan for the coming holiday?
someone … the door. Reza : I … my grandmother in Bandung.
a. was knocking a. visit
b. had knocked b. will visit
c. has knocked c. am visiting
d. knocked d. will be visited

9. Teacher : Wow! What a clean classroom it is. 18. Ihsan : Have you ever been to Bali?
Katie : Yes ma’am. My friend and I … it Disit : Yes, I have
Ihsan : When … ?
Didit : Last year.
a. sweep a. will you go there
b. swept b. have you go there
c. will sweep c. did you go there
d. have swept d. are you going there

10. Windi : Look ! The flowers are beautiful. Who … Ina : Wow, this floor is so clean.
them? Ria : Thanks. My servant (19) … it
Lola : I did, and I watered them regularly. Ina : How many times does she (20)… it?
a. are planting Ria : Twice a day.
b. planted
c. plants 19. a. sweep b. swept c. will sweep d. has swept
d. plant 20. a. sweep b. sweeps c. sweeping d. has swept