MasterSeries for Windows

T03 MasterPort Portal Frame Tutorial

Version 2004.02

Table of Contents
Section
T3.1 Getting Started T3.1.1 Introduction T3.1.2 Loading MasterPort T3.1.3 The File Selection Menu Generating the Frame T3.2.1 The Simplified MasterPort Interface General tab T3.2.2 The Spans tab Rafter information T3.2.3 The Columns tab Main Portal Columns T3.2.4 The Lean-tos tab introducing a Lean-to T3.2.5 The Cranes tab adding Crane Loading T3.2.6 The Mezzanine & Prop tabs adding a Mezzanine Floor T3.2.7 The Wind/Snow tab defining Wind and Snow loads T3.2.8 The 3D-Bays tab bay spacing and Main Gable Frames T3.2.9 The Gable tab defining Gable Posts T3.2.10The Bracing tab Bracing and longitudinal Ties T3.2.11Viewing the Frame and Loadings Analysis T3.3.1 Analysis of 3D Frame T3.3.2 Analysis Results Steel Design Drafting

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T3.4 T3.5

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T 3.1
T 3.1.1

Getting Started
Introduction

Welcome to MasterPort Plus for automated design of portal frames. This tutorial takes you through the generation, elastic-plastic analysis and design of a realistic portal frame building. This includes quick generation of the full 3D structure, intelligent automatic application of snow and wind loads, rational and economic design of all components of the structure and production of GAs and 3D drawings. As you work through the tutorial references are made to relevant sections in the main manual. (Note:- Users who do not yet have MasterPort Plus (only MasterPort) can use this tutorial to initially generate a structure. You will then be referred to another tutorial to continue with the analysis and design of your frame.) Manual Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface gives a full explanation of the features of MasterPort Plus

T 3.1.2

Loading MasterPort

To start this tutorial: Double click on the MasterSeries for Windows icon to start the MasterSeries or click on Start > Programs > MasterSeries > MasterSeries for Windows. Select Portal Frames from the top menu and then MasterPort: Elastic Plastic Analysis and Design of Portal Frames from the drop down menu.

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T 3.1.3

The File Selection Menu

The MasterPort File Selection menu will now be displayed. This menu enables you to load existing files or create new data files. As each existing file is selected, a picture of the frame is displayed in the window to assist your selection.

Select the New File button to clear and set the focus to file name input box. Type Tutor04. The Get File button has changed to Create New Select Create New.

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T 3.2
T 3.2.1

Generating the Frame

The Simplified MasterPort Interface General tab

The Simplified MasterPort Interface for Standard Portal Frames opens on the General tab. A standard single span, 8 bay portal frame with gable posts and bracing is automatically generated. On this tab you can choose the base fixities, specify the general loadings, set up the haunch geometry for the portal frames and generate all required loadcases. Note:- If the portal comes up as a plane frame click on the Spans tab, then on the 3D button & move back to the General tab this should generate the 8 bays.

Select 0/10/20 as the partial base fixity for the portal columns. Type 0.15, 0.2 and 0.6 for the Dead, Services and Live plan loads respectively. Select the Add Notional Case and Add Selfweight options. The 0/10/20 partial base fixity will give you pinned bases in the ultimate loadcases, 10% base fixity in the sway loadcase and 20% base fixity in all other service loadcases. This will have a significant effect on frame deflection in the service cases. Adding the Notional Case will create an ultimate Dead plus Live plus Notional loadcase.

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Select Add Basic, Add Wind, Add Snow and Add Serviceability to automatically create the relevant ultimate and service loadcases. Accept the defaults for the haunch optimisation. Note:- for users who do not yet have MasterPort Plus the wind and snow loading will not be automatically applied this can be carried out manually as will be shown later. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.1

T 3.2.2

The Spans tab Rafter information

Click on the Spans tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the rafters. Here you can alter the span lengths and rafter and haunch details.

Before working on the rafters, introduce additional features to the portal:Click on the Spans drop list & increase the number of spans to 2 Spans.

Click the Global Symmetry button

off. T3-5

T3 MasterPort Portal Frame Tutorial

Click the Propped Portal button Click the Lean-tos button Click the Cranes button Click the Mezzanine button on. on. on.

on.

The number of portal spans has been increased to 2. With the Global Symmetry option off you can make the 2 spans different. The default data for span 1 can be altered if required, however, this default data will suffice for this tutorial. Alter span 2 as follows:Type 20 in the L(m) data cell. Click in the Rafter Section and Grade cell. Click on the grey button that appears at the end of the cell. The Steel Sections database appears. Accept the default 457x191 UB 67 section by clicking on the OK button.

By leaving the Rise cell blank the value of 17.5* (degrees) from the cell above will apply to this cell by default. This is a common feature of the data entry areas, saving you time. Type 2 in the Lh1 cell to alter the haunch length in the second span to 2.0m. Leaving the Haunch Section and Grade cell blank will ensure the haunch assumes the same section size as the main rafter. Alternatively you could use a different section for the haunch, which may help optimise your design. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.2

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T 3.2.3

The Columns tab Main Portal Columns

Click on the Columns tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the main portal columns. Here you can alter the column heights, section sizes, base levels & fixities and column parapet details.

Type 7-2 in the Top Level (m) data cell for Column 2. This will make the height of the second column 7.0m, as well as introducing a node at 2.0m down from the top of the column from which the rafter of the second span will spring, creating a stepped roof. Type 5 in the Top Level (m) data cell for Column 3. Click in the Section and Grade cell for Column 3. Click on the grey button that appears at the end of the cell. The Steel Sections database appears. Accept the default 457x191 UB 67 section by clicking on the OK button. By entering individual section sizes for all 3 main columns, each of these columns will be designed separately giving a particular section size for each longitudinal line of columns. If the Section and Grade cell is left blank, the column will always be the same as the section size of the column in the cell above. This would be fine for a

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symmetrical portal, but since this example is unsymmetrical, each longitudinal line of columns can be optimised during the design process. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.4

T 3.2.4

The Lean-tos tab introducing a Lean-to

Click on the Lean-tos tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the lean-tos. Here you can alter the column heights, rafter spans, haunch dimensions, section sizes, base levels & fixities and parapet details for the lean-tos. You can also alter the loadings if these differ from the main portal roof loadings. Click the Symmetrical Lean-to on both sides button This will leave a lean-to on the left side only. Type 0 for the Inner Fixity %. This will give a pinned end connection to the lean-to rafter where it connects to the main portal column. Leaving the Outer Fixity % blank defaults this value to 100% (rigid connection to lean-to column). Type 1.2 for the Outer Haunch Length. off.

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To remove the inner haunch, Type 0 for the Inner Haunch Length (m).

You have now set up a lean-to on one side of the structure only, altering the rafter haunch dimensions at the lean-to column (fixed connection) and removing the rafter haunch at the main portal column (pinned connection). The default section sizes for the lean-to including the parapet have been accepted. The Dead and Service Loads default to the same values as for the main portal. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.6

T 3.2.5

The Cranes tab adding Crane Loading

Click on the Cranes tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the cranes. The program evaluates the horizontal and max. and min. vertical loads applied to the frame by the crane, based on typical crane manufacturers data. The default data is for a 20 tonne crane within span 1. This will suffice for this tutorial. In the graphics you will see a small horizontal stub member coming out from the portal column, with a vertical stub member rising off it. The crane loads will be applied at the top of the vertical stub. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.8

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T 3.2.6

The Mezzanine & Prop tabs adding a Mezzanine Floor

The Props and Mezzanine data areas work together to enable you to create a propped mezzanine floor. Click on the Props tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the props. Under Span No. replace the 1 with a 2 to move the props from the first span to the second. Type a Y under Release Top (Y/N) in the first line. This will cause the top of the prop column to be pinned. By default the props will stop under the mezzanine floor. Typing a N in the Top @ Mezzanine (Y/N) would cause the prop to carry on up to the underside of the rafter. The section size and grade can be altered if required, but this is not necessary as later the section will be automatically sized. You can define the base fixity this will default to pinned if left blank.

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Click on the Mezzanine tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the mezzanine floor. You can alter the floor height and loadings, the floor section size and beam end fixities. The button will change the direction of span of the floor from North/South to East/West.

Delete the height for Span 1 under the MezH heading. Thus no floor will appear in Span 1. Type 2.5 for Span 2 to create a mezzanine floor in the second span at a height of 2.5m You can alter the section size and grade if required, although again this is not necessary. Note the dead, service and live floor loadings for the floor. These default values will suffice for this tutorial. As a general principle, the values in the second set of data entry cells (adjacent to span 2) will assume the same values as the top set if the lower cells are left blank. The mezzanine floor is split across the span with there being no floor in Span 3 of Bay 2. Delete N from the Bay 2 Span 3 row, so that the floor will cross the whole of bay 2. The height to the floor can be varied across the spans in the h1(m) column. For example, putting a N in Span 3 and a 4 for h1 in Span 4 would create a mezzanine floor across spans 1 & 2 at a height of 2.5m and a floor in the 4th span
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at a height of 4.0m, as shown below. The section sizes, loadings and beam end fixity can be different for each span, if desired.

Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, sections 1.5 and 1.9

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T 3.2.7

The Wind/Snow tab defining Wind and Snow loads

Activate the Wind/Snow tab by clicking on the Wind/Snow button , if it is not already in the down position. Click on the WindSnow tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the snow and wind loadings.

Type 0.6 in the Basic Snow Load (kN/m2) value box. Type 120 for the Site Altitude (m). The program will use these values to evaluate the symmetrical and asymmetrical snow loads, including drifting against parapets and walls and in valleys, in accordance with BS 6399. Type 0.75 for the Side Wind Top Value W1. W2 will assume the same value. Type 0.7 for the Wind on Gable. Type 0.8 for the Side Wind Top Value W4. W5 will assume the same value. The program generates 2 load cases from BS 6399 for the left to right wind direction, with external suction (W1 case) and external pressure (W2 case) both being considered on the leading roof surface of the frame, while the wind load on the rest of the frame stays the same. This also applies to the right to left wind direction (W4 & W5).
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Additional wind load cases are generated to include internal pressure (Cpi) giving the P group of wind cases and internal suction (Csi) giving the S group of wind cases. Therefore there are 3 sets of wind load cases developed. The default values for internal pressure and suction will suffice for this tutorial. Note that there is no need to place a - sign in front of the suction coefficient. button in the top menu bar to show the wind Select the pressure distribution diagram. Select the button to view the pressure distribution in shades of one colour. Green indicates suction and cyan pressure. You can examine the wind in each direction from the wind groups droplist at the top right of the screen (to the right of the button)

Select the snow load.

button in the top toolbar to see a graphical representation of the button

Scroll through the loadcases, L0 to L5, in the droplist to the right of the to see the different snow load distributions.

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Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, sections 1.10.4 and 1.10.5

T 3.2.8

The 3D-Bays tab bay spacing and Main Gable Frames

Click on the 3D-Bays tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the bay spacings and building length and the gable corner columns and rafters.

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In the Bay Spacing data area, the portal bays have been set up as 8 bay spacings of 6m each. The specific portal frame which will be considered in the design is frame 3 (3rd frame from the south end, not including the gable frame). The end frames in a portal can be full portals, half portals or gable frames. In this tutorial, the end frames will be designed as half portals, both ends being identical. Type Y in Change South Gable (Y/N). Repeat for Change North Gable and for North as South

You can now alter the gable rafter and corner column sizes. Click on the Gables button on the 3D-Bays tab. This will give you access to the gable rafters on the Spans tab and the gable columns on the Columns tab. Click on the Spans tab. Click in the Span 1, Section & Grade cell. To access the sections database click on the grey button at the end of the cell. Select an initial section size. Repeat for Span 2.

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Click on the Columns tab. Repeat the process above to define the column section sizes. Defining the section sizes for the gable corner columns and rafters separately from the main portals section sizes, will force these members to be designed independently of the main portals. If the data cells were left blank, the gable sections would default to those of the main portal, and therefore be oversized.

Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.10.1

T 3.2.9

The Gable tab defining Gable Posts

Click on the Gable tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the gable posts. The first 3 gable column positions are set by default to 5m, 10m & 15m in the first portal span.

Type 2 under Span No. in line Column 4. Type 5 under X(m) in line Column 4. Type 10 under X(m) in line Column 5. This will put gable columns in the 2nd portal span and mirror them about its centre line thus placing a third column on the right hand side, as shown below.

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Click under Section & Grade, in line Column 1. To access the sections database click on the grey button that appears at the end of the cell. Select an initial section size 457x191 UB 82 and click the OK button. Repeat for Columns 2 5, selecting a 305x165 UB 46 for Span 2 columns. Gable end columns are often designed to take the wind loads in bending, but not carry any axial loads from the rafter. This is usually carried out in practice using a vertically slotted connection at the top of the column. This situation can be easily set up in MasterPort by putting a negative value in for the thickness of top plate. Type -10 under Top Plate for each column.

Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.10.2

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T 3.2.10

The Bracing tab Bracing and longitudinal Ties

Click on the Bracing tab. This will give you access to the input boxes relating to the wall and roof bracing and longitudinal tie members.

The program will automatically set up longitudinal tie members along the length of the frame at the usual tie positions in this case at eaves level and mezzanine floor level. Default section sizes are also specified. These default positions and section sizes can be altered if required. A longitudinal tie member will be added at the top of the parapet, as described below. Equally the horizontal and vertical diagonal bracing members are automatically set up. These can be modified . The Y shown in the Main Spans line under T(Y/N) indicates that there are longitudinal transfer members along the roof connecting the bracing systems at each end. These transfer members allow the bracing at both ends of the structure to share the wind loads, so the bracing section sizes will be more realistic in size. These members will only be used in the analysis, but not appear in the design. In this tutorial these transfer member will be omitted. Click on the cell containing the Y and delete it. The transfer members vanish.
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Switching off the Use Detailed Bracing Members List button will give access to the list of tie and bracing members as shown below. Individual tie or bracing members can now be modified if necessary. By clicking on a particular tie or bracing member on the frame, the relevant data cell will be accessed in the table and modifications can be made. Click on the button.

The roof bracing in the lower portal doesnt line up with the gable columns. To line these up, the number of bracing members needs to be reduced to 4 rather than 6, with their positions slightly moved along the rafters. Click on the outside roof bracing member on the lower portal roof to highlight it. The corresponding Brace 22 data cell in the table will now have the cursor in it.

On line Brace 22 under X2 replace the current dimension with 5. The end position of the bracing member moves further up the slope of the 2nd rafter. On line Brace 23 under X1 replace the current dimension with 10. Under X2 type 5. The second bracing member moves, starting at 10m along the first rafter, finishing at 5m along the second rafter. Click on the start of the line for Brace 24 to highlight this line. Click on the scissors button at the end of the line to delete this line as the bracing member it represents is no longer required. You can add a longitudinal tie along the top of the parapet upstands on the lean-to part of the structure.

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On line Brace 26 under Bay No., type 1-. Under Span No. type 0, then W in the next column. Under X1 type 5.5. Under Section & Grade click in the cell to bring up the grey square. Click on the grey square to display the sections database. Select the PFC section type and choose a 260x90 PFC as the longitudinal tie member. Click on OK accept the section. This will place a 260x90 PFC at 5.5m up the wall (W) in span 0 (the main portal span starts at span no.1,2, etc) for bays 1- the end longitudinally. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.10.3

T 3.2.11

Viewing the Frame and Loadings

Click on the Frame Load Diagram button to display the loadings on the frame. Click on the Display Values button (bottom of the frame loading diagram box) to show the loading values.

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Click on the All Loading Cases droplist to select and view the different loadcases. The factored loads in the selected loadcase will be displayed on the frame. Click on the All Groups to select and view a particular loading group. The unfactored loads in the selected loading group will be displayed on the frame.

Close the Load Diagram box using the X in the top right corner. The frame can be displayed in full 3D as shown below. Click on the Use Advanced MasterSeries Graphics button and 3D Members button on the top toolbar to display the frame in 3D. Click on the Display Grid Lines button to show the gridlines.

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Click on the Draw Purlins button to display a layout of the purlins and side rails around the frame.

Deselect the above buttons before moving on to analysing the frame. Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 1.12

T 3.3
T 3.3.1

Analysis & Results

Analysis of 3D Frame

The frame is now ready to analyse. However, looking at the number of loading cases (357 in all) it would take some time to analyse. For the sake of time, the number of loadcases in this tutorial will be reduced to 12. Remove the ticks from the boxes for Add Basic, Add Wind, Add Snow and Add Serviceability on the General tab. This will leave the dead and live loadcases combined with notional and crane loadings, but will omit those involving wind and snow loads. If you wish you could analyse all 357 loadcases and carry on through to Steel Design. Click on Analyse in the top menu to quickly analyse the whole 3D frame.

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T 3.3.2

Analysis Results

The analysis results can be viewed in tabular format. Click on Output, View Tabular Output and choose between the 3 output options. You can move between output for Nodal Deflections, Member Forces and Support Reactions, and change loadcases using the area at the bottom of the screen. Click on Graphical Output on the top menu to view the results in graphical format.

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Select to view the Bending Moment diagram. Again you can move between the various output options and change the loadcase.

Click on the Close button

to return to the main menu screen.

Part1 A21 View and Print Results

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T 3.4

Steel Design

You will now be able to design the full 3D portal framed structure the main frames, gable frames, lean-to frames, mezzanine floor, longitudinal ties and vertical and horizontal bracing. Each part of the overall structure will be examined as a group so that you can retain engineering control over your design. From the Design menu, select Steel Design to access the design facilities for the full frame.

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T 3.4.1

Main Portal Frame Design

Click on the Main Portal Members button to access the main design screen for the 2 portal frames and the lean-to frame.

The Automatic Design tab allows you to control the type of design you prefer. The default options are to Size as a Plastic Portal, using the Lightest section that passes the design check, and to opt for 0/10/20 partial fixity at the column bases. This last option takes account of the clause in BS 5950 Pt1 : 2000 that allows pinned (0% partial fixity) bases in the ultimate loadcases, while permitting 10% base fixity for the sway loadcase and 20% base fixity for other serviceability loadcases, thus reducing the frame deflections. You also have control over whether you want the automatic design to give the lightest rafter possible at the expense of more restraints or to reduce the number of restraints needed by using a slightly heavier section. Leaving the slider button in the middle will give a reasonable balance between weight and the number of restraints required. to begin the automatic Click on the Auto Size All button design process for the members highlighted in black in the main frame, ie:- the 2 bays of the portal frame and the lean-to frame.

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The automatic design process involves i) running through the results of the analysis to select the appropriate design loadcases, ii) initial member sizing, iii) reanalysis of the frame using the revised frame stiffness, iv) attempting to form plastic hinges in frame, v) final member sizing, vi) re-analysis of the frame. The program designs the frames and at the end of the process states that the frame is fully elastic in this particular case. The automatic design assumes that there will be cladding rails, purlins and torsional restraints to the members on the external envelope of the frame providing adequate restraint to the columns and rafters. to automatically Click on the Auto Restrain All button optimise the restraints. The program spaces the cladding rails at 1.4m centres and the purlins at 1.8m centres initially, reducing the spacing locally if required. On the columns the first rail will be placed at the bottom of the haunch and then spaced from there down the column. Torsional restraints will be placed where needed at rail and purlin positions, to satisfy the requirements of Appendix G in BS 5950 Pt 1. To see the calcs for each member designed, click on the Purlins, Side Rails and Torsional Restraints button . This will access the design check for each set of members in the frame, starting with the left main portal column leg.

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The Lateral Restraints tab shows the portion of the column being considered along with the critical loadcase relevant to that portion. The automatic spacing of the lateral restraints are also indicated. Click into each portion of the bending moment diagram in turn to display the calcs for that particular portion of the column. Scroll down the screen to see the full calcs. The unity ratios are shown in the area below the calcs.

To view the calcs for the portal rafter:Click onto the left rafter of the first portal roof to view the Axial with Moment check. Again you can click into each portion of the rafter bending moment diagram (between purlin positions) to view the calcs for each portion. A white background to the calcs indicates the portion is satisfactory. A cyan background would indicate a failure.

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Click a second time onto the left rafter of the first portal roof to switch to the Appendix G Stability check for this rafter. If torsional restraints are required, they are placed at appropriate purlin positions.

Click on the column shared by both portal frames. The cyan background indicates that this member fails the axial with moment check. Looking at the Lateral Restraints tab at the bottom of the screen, you will notice that there are no lateral restraints provided, since this is an internal column. However, there will likely be lateral restraints provided at the positions where the lower and upper rafters join the column at 5.0m and 7.0m respectively. You can input these restraints. Type 5 into Portion 1 and 2 into Portion 2.

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You will notice that the lower portion of the column now passes with a ratio of 0.517. (The upper portion also passes with a ratio of 0.452). Therefore the section size can be reduced to reflect these improved restraint conditions. Click on the Section AutoDesign tab. Drop the list of section sizes and alter the column to a 533x210 UB 109. This section is now much more efficient with a unity ratio of 0.959. Click on the intermediate column a second time to bring up the Appendix G Stability check. This fails with a ratio of 2.272. Type 2 into the first Stay @ box to place a torsional restraint at the 2nd purlin up the column. The column now passes the Appendix G Stability check.

Each member can be checked in turn to ensure each passes the design checks applied to it. This can be carried out manually by clicking on each member in turn or by using the in-built automatic checking procedure.

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Click on the Section AutoDesign tab. Click on the Scan for Failures button on the bottom of this tab. When prompted Do you wish to scan the current view now?, Click on Yes to begin the scan. The program automatically scans through all the portions within each member for every design brief checking for any portion that fails its particular design brief. The failures are then highlighted and you can move through each in turn to check why a failure has occurred and to rectify it. Note that the automatic design and restraint positioning will select the optimum section size and restraint spacing for almost all member portion design checks. Occasionally, it will be necessary for the user to modify the automatic design in order to successfully pass a design check. The find next failure option has indicated there are 6 failures. Lets move through each of these in turn and see what requires to be modified to pass the design check.

The first failure is on the left portal rafter the second portion in shows a failure ratio of 1.01.

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Move to the Lateral Restraints tab. Alter the Portion 2 spacing to 1.250 The design check now passes with a unity ratio of 0.999. Move back to the Section AutoDesign tab. Click on the Move to Next Failure button to move to the second failure.

The second failure is an Appendix G failure in the left portal rafter at the haunch. There are already torsional restraints placed either side of the haunch end, but it appears another is required at the end of the haunch itself.

Move to theTorsional Restraints tab. Type 3 in the next free Stay @ box. The design check now passes as another torsional restraint has been added at purlin 3. Since the left and right rafters are in the same design group, the same torsional restraint will be applied to the right hand rafter too. Therefore the number of failures has dropped to 3.
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Move back to the Section AutoDesign tab. Click on the Move to Next Failure button to move to the next failure.

The next failure is an Axial with Moment failure, this time on the outer rafter of the second portal bay. This shows a failure ratio of 1.023.

Move to the Lateral Restraints tab. Alter the Portion1 spacing to 1.500 The design check now passes with a unity ratio of 0.994.

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Move to the second portion on the rafter. It also fails this check by a ratio of 1.016. On the Lateral Restraints tab alter the Portion 2 spacing to 1.450 and this portion will also pass.

Move back to the Section AutoDesign tab. Click on the Move to Next Failure button to move to the next failure.

The next failure is an Appendix G failure in the left portal rafter in the second bay at the apex. Move to theTorsional Restraints tab. Type 7 in the next free Stay @ box. The design check now passes as another torsional restraint has been added at purlin 7.

Again, since the left and right rafters are in the same design group, the same torsional restraint will be applied to the right hand rafter too.
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Therefore all of the failures have been satisfied by slightly adjusting positions of purlins, cladding rails and torsional restraint positions, without having to alter section sizes. All the remaining portal frames in the structure will assume the same section sizes as those designed for this particular frame.

Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 2.1

T 3.4.2

Secondary Members Design

The secondary members comprise the mezzanine floor main beams and columns and the parapet member. Click on the Secondary Members button to move to the design of these members.

Move to the Section AutoDesign tab. The 4 floor members have been set up in the one section group. Therefore the group will have the same section size and will be designed for the most onerous loadcase found in the 4 beams. Similarly, the 3 mezzanine columns are in one group and will be designed as the same section size.

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Click on the Auto size all members independently button to begin the automatic sizing of all the secondary members. The program runs through the member checks in turn and completes the auto design. Click on each secondary member in turn to see the section size selected for the member. You can alter the section size manually if desired. For example, the parapet member is only a 50x25 RHS. This is because the wind loadcases were omitted from the analysis in order to speed through the tutorial. Click on the parapet member to move to its design brief.

On the Section AutoDesign tab drop the list of section sizes and select a more appropriate section, for example a 100x50x4 RHS.

T 3.4.3

Roof Bracing Members Design

The roof bracing includes the bracing members in the 2 main portal bays and the bracing in the lean-to frame.

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Click on the Roof Bracing Members to move to button the design of these members.

Again, members have been placed in groups the 20 main portal bracing members in one group and the 4 lean-to bracing members in another. Click on the Auto size all members independently button to begin the automatic sizing of all the roof bracing members.

T 3.4.4

Wall Bracing Members Design

The wall bracing members include the vertical diagonal bracing in the side walls and the longitudinal tie members at the wall/floor and wall/roof interfaces and top of parapet.

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Click on the Wall Bracing Members to move to button the design of these members.

Again members have been grouped together for ease of design. Click on the Auto size all members independently button to begin the automatic sizing of all the wall bracing members. The Strut and Tie design check for the eaves bracing has used the largest PFC section available 430x100 PFC, but this is still showing a failure for Lambda with a unity ratio of 1.124. Since the longitudinal eaves bracing is probably going to be designed by the longitudinal wind loads, the Lambda limit could be changed to 250 from 180, thus allowing a more economical design.

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Select the Strut and Tie tab Overtype the 180 with a new Lambda limit of 250.

Since there are 6 eaves members (design briefs 2 to 7), the Lambda limit should be altered for all 6 briefs. Click on the Move to next brief button to move to brief 3. Alter the Lambda limit to 250 as shown above. Move to the next brief and alter the limit again. Do this for briefs 2 through to 7. You can now redesign the eaves members. to begin the Click on the Auto size all members independently button automatic re-sizing of the wall bracing members. The eaves members have been redesigned as 150x90 PFC just by altering the Lambda limit.

T 3.4.5

Internal Longitudinal Tie Members Design

to move to the design of to begin the

Click on the Longitudinal Tie Members button these members.

Click on the Auto size all members independently button automatic sizing.

Since there is almost no load on these members, the Lambda limit will again govern the design.

T 3.4.6

Gable Columns Design

to move to the design of these

Click on the Gable Columns button members.

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Click on the Auto size all members independently button automatic sizing.

to begin the

Again, because the wind loads were omitted, there is very little load on these members and therefore the section sizes are small.

T 3.4.7

Gable Portal Frames Design

Since both gable frames were designated as being the same, this design will apply to both gable ends. Click on the South Gable Frame button to move to the design of these members. Since both gable frames were designated as being the same, this design will apply to both gable ends.

Click on the Auto size all members independently button to begin the automatic sizing. You will see that both gable ends are taken into consideration in the design.

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Select the left side portal leg. On the Lateral Restraints tab, click on Auto Restrain Current Group. This will restrain the portal leg for both cladding rails and torsional restraints.

Select each group of members in turn and click on the Auto Restrain Current Group for each set. Thus the gable frames will be correctly designed and restrained. The central portal column has lateral restraints at 2.5m, 5.0m and 7.0m heights. These should be applied manually. This column is only 40% stressed and could now be reduced in size. Move to the Section AutoDesign tab and click on the AutoSize Current . Member button This member has been reduced to a 457x191x74 UB. Now move to the Torsional Restraints tab and place torsional restraints at rails 2 and 3. Move back to the Section AutoDesign tab and click on the Scan for Failures button. All the gable members now pass.

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T 3.4.8

Printing the Design Output

You can print the calcs for each group of members, selecting which individual checks you wish to print for each group. Click on the Main Portal Members button the main frame. The printing options to go back to the design checks for

for each member group are as follows:-

From the main menu Print: Print Current Screen Only. Prints the current design brief. From the main menu Print: Print Design Output. Selection of design output from all member portions to print. From the main menu PowerPad: Export Current Screen Only. Exports the current design brief output to Word. From the main menu PowerPad: Export Design Output. Selection of design output from all member portions to export to Word. Select the Print Design Output option from below the graphics area.

In the Print Design Output area select to Include All . The program will run through all the checks for all portions for this group of members and check whether each portion passes or fails. Rather than print all the calcs for all portions of all members (a lot of output), you can optimise the print out by printing only the critical portion for each member. Click on the AutoSelect button . Only the critical portion for each member is selected. Selecting to Print List (Summary) will print the list as seen at the bottom of the screen, with a single line for each check.

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Selecting to Print Selected Checks will print out comprehensive calcs for each highlighted portion check. Since this would result in about 25 pages of printout for the 17 checks highlighted, select to Cancel in this instance. To view a set of printed calcs for a selected check, click on the Print Current Brief button then the Print button and

in the Job References dialogue box.

By moving to each group of members in turn, selected calcs can be printed. Part2 B01 MasterKey Steel Sections Design, section 4.10

T 3.4.9

Sway Stability, Snap Through, Fire Boundary and Nodal Deflection Checks

Additional checks can be carried out on the frames to verify sway and snap through stability and examine the deflections of the frames at eaves and apex. A fire boundary check can also be carried out on the frame if desired. Click on the Sway Stability button below the graphics area, to move to the sway check. The correct column and rafter member numbers must be selected to initiate the check. Select Grid Line D-D from the drop down list of views on the top toolbar.

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Click into the Column data cell

Click on the left hand column of the main portal frame, followed by the left hand rafter, then the right hand rafter in span 1.

The member numbers will fill the cells, and the calculation is carried out.

Click on the No. 2 button to enter data for a second sway frame check, Select the outer column and rafters for span 2.

To examine the nodal deflections:Click on the Nodal Displacements tab. Click on the nodes you wish to examine. Select which loadcase and direction you wish to consider.

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T 3.5
T 3.5.1

Drafting

Part2 B03 New Portal Generation Interface, section 3.1

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