Chapter I Introduction I.1 I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5 I.6 I.7 I.8 I.9 I.10 I.

I.11 synchronic approach treat Koine Greek as a self-referring linguistic system form vs. function form semantic, syntactical functional Porter Tense and Aspect (Ch.1) Mood and Attitude (Ch.2) Case and Gender (Ch.4) Preposition (Ch.9) Conditional Clause (Ch.16)

I.12 Word Order and Clause Structure (Ch. 20) I.13 I.14 Slot & Filler form vs. function form full-in slot function Chapter I Tense and Aspect, and Periphrastic Constructions I.1 Verbal Aspect: Definition Greek and Hebrew tense levels of time Aspect Verbal Aspecta semantic(meaning) category by which a speaker or writer grammaticalizes(i.e. represents a meaning by choice of a word-form) a perspective on an action by the selection of a particular tense-form in the verbal system.

I.1.1 Aspect Perfective Aspectthe action is conceived of by the language user as a complete and undifferentiated process Imperfective Aspectthe action is conceived of by the language user as being in progress Stative Aspectthe action is conceived of by the language user as reflecting a

given(often complex) state of affairs I.1.1.1 Verbal Opposition weight Perfective(default) Imperfective Stative I.1.1.2 Planes of Discourse background(perfective) foreground(imperfective)forntground(stative) I.1.1.3 Visualization (perfective) (imperfective)(stative) future morphology sigma() subjunctive aspect time-basedtemporal value aspect prepsition

-verbsdefective verbs aspectually vague aspect

I.1.2 Time and the Tense-Forms time elements other than verbal aspect(context and temporal/deictic indicators) are I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5 I.6 I.7 I.8 the primary conveyors of temporal information in Greek !! non-indicative mood indicative modd deictic indicatorsreferences to person, time, place and discourse features

I.1.3 History of Discussion of Verbs in Greek Rationalist 1719 absolutely time-based gnomic aoristhistorical present Actionsart 1885 Brugmann Aktionsartsupposition that the verb tense of Greek are used to convey how an action objectively occurs. punctlinear(aorist)durative(present)inceptiveiterative A.T. robertsonBDFMoulton Actionsart Verbal Aspect WWII

I.9 Verbal Aspect and its Range of Functions Chapter II Mood and Attitude Chapter III Mood = attitude (perspective on the relation of the verbal action to reality) Chapter IV Moodtindicative, non-indicative Chapter V 2.1Indicative Chapter VI indicative = simple assertion about what the writer or speaker sees as reality assertion Chapter VII indicative = un-marked form Chapter VIII 2.2 Non-Indicative = projection in the mind of the speaker or writer Chapter IX 2.2.1 imperative = a projection that directs ones action Chapter X 2.2.2 subjunctive = a projected realm that may exist now or in the future