Introduction to Business Data Processing

LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
In most of companies you have 3 levels of management. These levels are: Top Level Middle Level Lower Level Each level of management has different set of responsibilities. They can be divided as follows: i) Top level managers must have a general understanding of the organization's activities. Since they are charged with weighing risks and making major policy decisions on such matters as new product development, new plant authorizations and so on, they need the type of information that will support these long-range strategic plans and decisions. 0) Middle level managers are responsible for making the tactical decisions that will allocate the resources and establish the control needed to implement the top level plans. ii) Low level managers make the day-to-day operational decisions to schedule and control specific tasks. The actual results of an operation may be checked daily against planned expectations and corrective actions may be taken, if needed.

WHAT IS INFORMATION?
The term information in general is considered to be designate data arranged in ordered and useful form. Thus, information will usually be thought of as relevant knowledge, produced as the output of processing operations. Information is needed in virtually every field of human action. At a personal level, if you always had high-quality information you could take better advantage of your future career opportunities and you would be better equipped to make other personal decisions. But besides being essential to individuals, information is also needed by managers in organizations. Managers at all levels must perform such basic management takes or functions as planning, staffing and controlling. A common need basic to all managers is an understanding of the purpose of the organization, i.e., its policies, its programmers, its plans and its goal. Managers at the lower operating levels need information to help them make day-to-day operating decisions. At the top levels, however, information is needed to support long range planning and policy decisions.

INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Planning is most important of all the managerial functions. For this you need to have maximum information support for decision making. Normally planning is done at three levels in organizations: I. Long-term planning 2.Medium-term planning 3.Short-term planning Let us look into them in details.

Long Term Planning

The various type of information which is needed for long term planning is: I. Definition of long term planning mission which you want to achieve.

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