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INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS PULAU PINANG

SCE 3103

EXPLORING MATERIAL

NAME : MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHD SABRI IC NUMBER : 890404-11-5363 CLASS : S2/T1 SNED 2 LECTURER: MDM YEW LEE HEANG

PRACTICAL 2: ALLOY Aim: To compare the rate of rusting of iron, steel and stainless steel Materials/apparatus: Iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel nail, jelly solution, potasium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution, water, sand paper, test tube, test tube rack. Procedure: 1. The nails was rubbed using sand paper to remove the rust from the surface of the nails. 2. The iron nail was placed in test tube A, the steel nail in test tube B and the stainless steel nail in test tube C. 3. A 5% jelly solution prepared by adding 5g of jelly into 100 cm3 of boiling water. Then, a few drops of potasium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution added to the jelly solution (Figure 1). 4. The hot jelly solution poured into the three test tubes until all the nails were fully immersed. 5. The test tube was placed in a test tube rack and leaved aside for five days. The intensity of the blue colour observed. 6. All observation recorded in the table below.

Results: Test tube A Low B None C No rusting occur Rusting occur at low rate Intensity of blue colour High Inference Rusting occur at high rate

Figure 1: Comparing the rate of rusting of iron, steel and stainless steel

Discussion:

In this experiment, we are testing the resistance of non-Alloy and Alloy metals. So, we are using iron as the pure metal, steel and stainless steel as the Alloy metal. In this experiment, potassium hexacyanoferate was used as an indicator to detect the presence of Fe3+. The Fe3+ was present as the products of the equation involving the iron, water and Oxygen. The presence of Fe 3+ means that rusting process was occurs. The process can be summarized as the following equation: Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Fe(OH)2(s)
O2

Fe2O3xH2O(s)

Next, the jelly solution was also used to help the observation of the nail. It helps the nail to stand up straight. In this experiment, we uses iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel nail to be tested. We found that Iron nail was at the highest rate of rusting followed by steel and stainless steel. This situation occurs because when the metal was pure, the surface area that contain iron atoms which contact with the water are wide. For the Alloy, the surface area was smaller because there are other elements on the surface. So, the amounts of Iron atoms on the surface were smaller. Errors also might occur during experiment. So, safety precautions was needed to prevent the errors occur. First, we must use sand paper to rub the nail. It is to get rid of the rust on the nails that might effects the results of the experiments. Then, make sure we avoid the direct contact with the jelly. The reason for this precaution was because it can irritating us.

Conclusion:

The rate of rusting of Alloy ( stainless steel, steel) is lower than the rate of rusting of pure Metal( Iron ) Questions: 1. Explain the function of potasium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution. It is used as the indicator to detect the presence of Fe3+ in the solution. When Fe3+ presence in the solution, It will turn to blue in colour as the rusting of iron occur. 2. What is the relationship between the intensity of blue colour and the rate of rusting? The higher the intensity of blue colour of the solution, The higher the rate of the metal rusting 3. Explain how the use of solidified jelly solution can improve the observation of the experiment. The jelly helps the nail to stand up straight to help the nail to be seen clearer for observer 4. Name the constituents of steel and stainless steel. Steel : Iron(99%), Carbon (1%) Stailess steel : Iron(80%), Carbon(0.4%), Chromium(18%), Nickel(1%)

5. Based on the inference of investigation results, compare the rate of rusting of iron, steel and stainless steel and explain the inference. The rate of rusting of Iron is the highest, steel is second highest and no rusting occur in stainless steel. The intensity of the blue colour indicates the amount of Fe3+ that presence in the solution. The higher the intensity of the blue colur, the higher the amount of Fe2+ presence. The higher the Fe3+ presence, the higher the rusting rate occur. 6. How is the arrangement of atoms in a metal associated to its ductility and malleability?

The metal has regular size and closed packed structure, so, when a

force applied to the metal, the layer of atom can easily slide each other causing the metal ductile and mealleable. 7. Explain the difference between substitution alloy and interstitial alloy. In a Substituentsl Alloy, atoms of the substitute take positions normally occupied by a major atom. In an Interstitial Alloy, Subtituents atoms can occupy the spaces between the major atoms.

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Bibliography

1)

Corrosion Doctors(2010), Steel Corrosion, Retrieved July 25 2010

from http://corrosion-doctors.org/MatSelect/corrsteel.htm 2) Eng Nguan Hong and friends(2007), Focus Excel Chemistry

Form 5, Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd

3)

ToturVista.com(2010). Corrosion of Iron, Retrieved July 24 2010 from http://www.tutorvista.cpm/content/chemistryii/metals/ironcorrosion.pp

WikiAnswers(2010), Difference between substitution alloy and interstitial alloy?, Retrieved July 25 2010 from http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Difference_between_substitution_alloy_and_i nterstitial_alloy

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