Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sector and
Informal
Employment in
Bangladesh
Contents
Tables, Figures, Boxes, and Appendixes
Preface
v
viii
ix
Foreword
xi
xiii
1.1. Background
1.3. Importance of Informal Sector Indicators in Policy Making and Monitoring
1.5. Main Sources of Data Used in the Report
1.6. Structure of the Report and Technical Details of the Surveys
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2.2 Jobs in the Labor Market
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3.1 Gross Value Added of the Informal Sector
3.2 Agriculture and Non-Agriculture Sectors
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4.2 Financing and Other Financial Support Structures
4.3 Problems and Prospects
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6.1 Summary of Main Results
6.2 Importance of Measuring Informal Sector and Informal Employment
6.3 Other Issues
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Appendixes
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17th ICLS Conceptual Framework on Informal Employment
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Figure A2.1
Dichotomy of Household Enterprises
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Mixed Survey Approach
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Preface
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to total employment in the country.
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informal sector in our economy and the prevalence of informal employment arrangements directly. Therefore, the
Informal Sector Survey is a milestone for future surveys on informal economy and informal employment.
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the Informal Sector Survey in Bangladesh. Special thanks to Ms. Dalisay Maligalig and her team for their constant
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and preparing the report.
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vehicle to take them out of poverty. However, most of the working poor in developing countries are engaged
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from the households to which they belong. Compared to other enterprises, they are very small and with
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xii
Foreword
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Chief Economist
Economics and Research Department
Asian Development Bank
Abbreviations
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LFS
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Executive Summary
Background
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(BBS) conducts a labor force survey (LFS) once in
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engaged in financial intermediation, and in the
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1
Background
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in the agriculture sector. But over the years, the nonagriculture sectors are growing at a faster rate than the
agriculture sector. Recent data show that the industry
and service sectors are emerging as thrust sectors in
the country. Among the service sectors, wholesale and
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Asia, in general, has witnessed the increasing role
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standards over the years. The strong growth performance
of Asia for the past decades has been accompanied by
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subsistence agriculture. Despite these developments,
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be partly explained by the fact that the region lags far
behind other economies in providing workers with higher
quality employment, a tool to make economic growth
more inclusive. A recent Asian Development Bank (ADB)
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quality employment in Asia wherein many countries
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predominantly agriculture-driven economy, the economic
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class worker earned a degree from the university and
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of jobs in the informal economy. Although informal
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occurs in Bangladesh wherein most of the workers take
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and spices, maintaining livestock, poultry raising, and
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labor force. As a result, the labor force increased from
30.9 million in 19841985 to 50.1 million in 1989. The
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enterprises that is usually used as sampling frames
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Objectives of the
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Introduction
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Importance of Informal
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Policy Making and
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needed.
1.4
Informal Sector
Statistics in the Realm
of Official Statistics
1.5
The eLFS and the ISS were the main sources of data for
this study. A total of 1,500 primary sampling units (PSUs)
were selected from the sampling frame based on the
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as PSUs. From each PSU, a sample size of 27 households
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frame used was based on the 2001 census, a fresh
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in the number of households per PSU from 2001 census
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1.6
Structure of the
Report and Technical
Details of the Surveys
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discussed, albeit very briefly. Discussions of policy
implications of the results are reserved in future
economic working papers.
The report is comprised of six chapters and eight
appendixes:
Chapter 2 Employment in Formal and Informal
Economy H
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by HUEM operators.
Chapter 5
discusses the
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recommendations on improving future studies on
informal employment and the informal sector.
Chapter 6 provides the
main results, importance of measurement in informal
employment and informal sector, and other issues.
The report also includes appendixes covering
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of sample design, presentation of sampling errors
for selected indicators, notes on measuring informal
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forms.
Chapter 2
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by countries in the region vary widely, the concept of
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Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) report, is
adopted in this report. According to the 17th ICLS report,
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economy, (ii) informal employment, (iii) employment
in the informal sector, and (iv) informal employment
outside the informal sector were established.
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17th ICLS, the concept of formal jobs, as used in this
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by employers or own-account workers who maintained
detailed bookkeeping records. On the other hand,
informal jobs comprise work undertaken by wage
workers under verbal agreement or under employment
arrangements not subject to contractual agreement.
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data. But in succeeding analysis, we also compare the
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2.1
Labor Force
Characteristics
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Table 2.1.1 Population and Labor Force Characteristics by Sex and Urban/Rural
Population
Total Population
Labor Force
1524 years
2529
3064
6575
Unemployed
Employed
Agriculture
(in primary job)
Non-agriculture
(in primary job)
Formal enterprise
(in primary job)
Informal enterprise
(in primary job)
Household
(in primary job)
Men
75,321.1
39,505.4
7,416.8
4,648.7
23,946.7
1,856.7
1,655.8
37,849.6
15,479.1
10,733.8
3,066.1
22,195.3
5,474.7
2,202.0
Men
50.7
69.7
61.8
64.0
72.9
94.1
62.4
70.0
23,146.8
26,212.8
59.1
40.9
11.7
88.3
9,428.6
18,241.4
27,670.0
80.2
19.8
34.1
65.9
451.5
1,314.9
1,338.6
2,653.5
83.0
17.0
49.6
50.4
28,967.9
12,681.2
10,003.7
31,645.5
41,649.2
69.6
30.4
24.0
76.0
6,509.4
3,075.7
1,178.6
8,406.4
9,585.1
67.9
32.1
12.3
87.7
Source: Computations using 2010 Labor Force Survey (LFS) and Informal Sector Survey (ISS).
% to Total
Women
Urban
49.3
22.9
30.3
23.6
38.2
24.2
36.0
22.8
27.1
23.4
5.9
14.3
37.6
33.2
30.0
23.2
Total
148,708.8
56,714.0
11,991.8
7,267.6
32,853.2
1,973.7
2,652.9
54,061.2
Rural
77.1
76.4
75.8
77.2
76.6
85.7
66.8
76.8
% to Total Number of
Employed
Urban Rural
Total
23.9
7.7
11.4
75.5
91.5
87.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.7
0.6
100.0
100.0 100.0
100%
Nature of Employment
80%
60%
88.5
86.8
92.6
76.0
92.3
11.5
Bangladesh
13.2
7.4
24.0
7.7
Male
Female
Urban
Rural
40%
20%
0%
Formal
Source:
Informal
% to Total Number of
Employed
Men Women Total
13.2
7.4
11.4
85.8
92.6
87.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.9
0.0
0.6
100.0 100.0 100.0
12%
(12.4%)
88%
(86.1%)
Source:
11
12
Total
Employed
Persons
25,757.3
Employees
Total
Formal Job
7,330.8
470.2
Informal Job
6,860.6
Employers
14.9
Contributing
family
workers
8,121.0
10,290.5
Own-account
workers
4,329.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4,329.4
n/a
21,427.9
27,633.8
2,533.0
20,337.8
7,330.8
15,730.6
2,380.3
12,242.6
470.2
5,447.0
2,335.3
2,985.3
6,860.6
10,283.6
45.0
9,257.3
15.0
70.7
27.0
43.6
3,791.6
8,853.3
125.7
5,072.3
10,290.5
2,979.2
2,979.2
3,655.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3,655.3
n/a
1,107.7
53,391.0
1,107.7
23,061.4
126.4
5,917.2
981.3
17,144.2
n/a
85.7
n/a
16,974.2
n/a
13,269.7
2.2
Agriculture
34%
49%
Industry
Services
17%
Source:
91.2
Rajshahi 7.0
93.0
Khulna 9.2
90.8
Dhaka 15.7
84.3
Chittagong 13.5
86.5
Barisal 11.3
88.7
0%
20%
40%
Formal
Source:
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more men than women working in the country. Figure
2.2.3 shows that men also dominated both formal
and informal jobs. However, there were more women
working informally than women who held formal jobs.
In the formal economy, about two in 10 jobs were held
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by men. In the informal economy, three in 10 informal
jobs were held by women.
60%
Informal
80%
100%
Women
66.2
33.8
Men
41.1
58.9
0%
20%
40%
Agriculture
Source:
60%
80%
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of the total number of jobs in Bangladesh. Dhaka,
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Non-agriculture
Geographic Division
Bangladesh
Barisal
Chittagong
Dhaka
Khulna
Rajshahi
Sylhet
Formal
100.0
5.8
19.5
43.6
9.8
17.0
4.4
Informal
100.0
5.9
16.2
30.2
12.5
29.3
5.9
All
100.0
5.9
16.6
31.8
13.3
27.9
5.8
31.1
80%
60%
40%
68.9
80.8
20%
0%
Formal
Informal
Men
Source:
Women
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Profile of Workers in
the Labor Market
100%
80%
51.5
80.1
2.3
Age Composition
60%
40%
20%
48.5
19.9
0%
Formal
Informal
Urban
Source:
Rural
>
? {Q <|
14
Age group
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064
6569
7074
7579
Total
Urban
9.7
13.3
13.2
17.1
10.9
12.2
8.8
7.3
3.1
2.1
1.4
0.5
0.3
0.1
100.0
% to Total Employment
Rural
9.1
12.6
13.5
13.1
12.6
11.8
9.5
5.9
4.5
3.2
2.1
1.2
0.5
0.3
100.0
2.4
Level of Education
Age group
Total
9.3
12.8
13.4
14.1
12.2
11.9
9.4
6.3
4.2
2.9
1.9
1.0
0.5
0.3
100.0
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064
6569
7074
7579
Total
% to Total Employment
Formal Enterprise Informal Enterprise
5.4
10.7
11.2
14.6
12.3
14.8
16.1
13.8
11.8
11.4
13.0
11.0
11.7
8.2
11.1
5.7
4.8
3.9
1.5
2.6
0.7
1.7
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.2
100.0
100.0
Household
4.2
5.2
7.5
14.7
15.9
15.4
13.8
7.3
5.5
4.5
3.1
1.6
0.9
0.5
100.0
87.1
88.3
86.8
90.0
89.2
88.9
85.6
89.7
94.3
95.9
97.5
96.6
13.0
12.9
11.7
13.2
10.0
10.8
11.1
14.4
10.3
5.7
4.1
2.5
3.4
95.5
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1519 2024 2529 3034 3539 4044 4549 5054 5559 6064 6569 7074 7579
Formal
Source:
Informal
4.5
\ \
H
H H
>
than that of men, while the share of men who reached
> H
> \
Informal employment is largely associated with
\ H
=
?
H Q
majority of workers holding informal jobs were those
\ H H
\ H ? H
\
\/
H>
formal jobs were those who received at least secondary
H
=>
\ H
of total employment was almost the same as that of
\ \ H
? H \
\ H
H >>
? H
? H \ H
Table 2.4.1 Employment by Level of Education and Sex
Level of Education
No Education
Primary (I-V)
Secondary (VI-X)
SSC/Equivalent
HSC/Equivalent
Tertiary *
Medical/ Engineering degree
Technical/ Vocational education
Others
Total
Men
40.7
23.1
21.7
6.2
3.7
4.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
100.0
% to Total Employment
Women
Total
41.0
40.8
23.0
23.1
25.8
22.9
5.5
6.0
2.6
3.3
2.0
3.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
2.5
Industry of Economic
Activity
Men
12.3
12.6
31.3
12.7
10.6
18.7
1.2
0.6
0.0
100.0
Formal
Women
21.6
19.1
27.7
8.0
8.3
14.4
0.6
0.2
0.1
100.0
15
Total
14.1
13.9
30.6
11.8
10.2
17.8
1.1
0.5
0.0
100.0
Men
45.0
24.7
20.3
5.2
2.6
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
100.0
Informal
Women
42.6
23.3
25.6
5.3
2.1
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
100.0
Total
44.2
24.3
21.9
5.2
2.4
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
100.0
16
H
H ?
households (Figure 2.5.2). There are industries where
formal employment arrangement appears to be the
No Education
4.0
96.0
Primary (I-V)
6.9
93.1
Secondary (VI-X)
15.3
84.7
SSC/Equivalent
22.6
77.4
HSC/Equivalent
35.0
65.0
Tertiary*
57.6
42.3
72.6
27.4
45.3
54.7
Others
10.6
89.4
0%
20%
40%
Formal
60%
80%
100%
Informal
Table 2.5.1 Employment by Industry, Nature of Employment, Sex, and Urban/Rural (thousand)
Sector
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Nature of Employment
Formal
Informal
Agriculture, hunting and forestry, Fishing
571.0 25,898.2
Mining and quarrying
2.4
101.5
Manufacturing
1,975.2
4,517.8
Electricity, gas and water supply
62.1
55.4
Construction
166.6
2,439.9
Wholesale and retail trade
516.6
6,643.5
Hotels and restaurants
77.5
727.6
Transport, storage and communications
266.3
3,679.8
Financial intermediation
285.1
82.0
Real estate, renting and business activities
386.2
267.7
Public Administration and defense; compulsory social security
444.4
99.6
Education
918.7
329.8
Health and Social Work actvities
151.6
252.8
Other community, social and personal service activities
363.6
2,101.2
Private households
52.4
1,049.1
Extraterritorial organizations and bodies
1.5
1.1
All
6,241.2 48,246.9
Industry
Sex
Men
Women
15,732.1 10,737.0
90.0
13.9
4,666.3
1,826.6
111.0
6.5
2,379.1
227.3
6,269.5
890.6
752.5
52.7
3,747.3
198.8
311.8
55.4
581.6
72.3
508.3
35.7
938.0
310.5
261.1
143.2
1,750.5
714.3
158.9
942.6
2.7
38,260.8 16,227.3
Area
Total
Employment
Urban
Rural
3,102.2 23,366.9 26,469.1
21.9
82.1
104.0
2,565.9
3,927.0
6,492.9
58.9
58.5
117.4
808.4
1,798.1
2,606.4
2,031.9
5,128.2
7,160.1
250.5
554.7
805.1
1,177.6
2,768.5
3,946.1
232.4
134.7
367.1
387.2
266.7
653.9
257.1
286.9
544.0
423.5
824.9
1,248.5
147.8
256.5
404.4
715.9
1,749.0
2,464.8
418.7
682.9
1,101.5
1.5
1.1
2.7
12,601.4 41,886.7 54,488.1
2.6
(4.4%)
(4.8%)
(48.6%)
(11.9%)
(13.1%)
Agriculture
Trade
Manufacturing
Transportation and Storage
Construction
Source:
Employment Status
Own-account work in both agriculture and nonagriculture sectors was the most prevalent type of
>
for almost a quarter of the jobs available in Bangladesh
WWQ
\
\ H
?
{<|
(2.0%)
(3.0%) (5.0%)
(7.1%)
97.7
69.6
47.2
93.6
92.8
90.4
93.3
22.3
40.9
18.3
26.4
62.5
85.2
95.2
42.2
2.2
2.3
30.4
52.8
6.4
7.2
9.6
6.7
77.7
59.1
81.7
73.6
37.5
14.8
4.8
57.8
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Formal
Informal
Note:
For the complete name of industries, please refer to Table 2.5.1.
Source: Computations using 2010 LFS and ISS.
88.3
78.9
60.5
49.9
69.0
71.6
68.9
70.2
36.7
40.8
52.7
66.1
63.4
71.0
62.0
42.2
11.7
21.1
39.5
50.1
31.0
28.4
31.1
29.8
63.3
59.2
47.3
33.9
36.6
29.0
38.0
57.8
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
17
Urban
Note:
For the complete name of industries, please refer to Table 2.5.1.
Source: Computations using 2010 LFS and ISS.
Rural
18
H H
H
? H ?
? HH
???H\/
? H
and day-wage workers in the non-agriculture sectors was
also high in urban areas. In the rural areas, unpaid family
worker registered the highest percentage of employment
{ W| \ H
? H
>
{W%|HH\> \/
>
{K%|Z H
\ H
\??
?
HH
\/
\
H H \ !% =
\ H
>'
>
?H\/K
Q H
? \
^
H
types of employment status is presented in Table 2.6.2.
In general, men dominated both formal and informal
work for all categories except in formal employee jobs,
(11.2%)
(0.3%)
Employment Status
Employee
Employer
Self-employed in agriculture
Self-employed in non-agriculture
Unpaid family worker
Casual/irregular paid worker
Day labor in agriculture
Day labor in non-agriculture
Domestic worker in private household
Total
(13.1%)
(17.3%)
(14.6%)
(24.4%)
Employee
Employer
Self-employed in agriculture
Self-employed in non-agriculture
Unpaid family worker
Source:
10.6
65.2
Casual/irregular paid worker
5.2
3.2
7.4
1.8
Day labor in agriculture
3.8
19.4
2.1
3.2
Day labor in non-agriculture
4.3
15.8
4.1
3.8
Domestic worker in private household
2.7
2.9
1.1
2.9
All
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Employment Status
(3.1%)
Men
Employee
69.0
31.0
71.6
28.4
Employer
25.1
74.9
23.7
76.3
Self-employed in agriculture
1.1
98.9
0.4
99.6
Self-employed in non-agriculture
1.8
98.2
0.8
100.0
19.6
80.4
25.1
74.9
2.9
97.1
5.0
95.0
3.9
96.1
7.9
92.1
12.1
87.9
3.0
97.0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Formal
Source:
99.2
100.0
Informal
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
19
2.7
Occupation
?
(2.8%)
(1.6%)
(1.8%)
(16.3%)
Special occupations
Official of government & special
interest organizations, corporate
executives, managers, managing
proprietors
Professionals
Technicians and associate
professionals
Clerks
Service workers and shop and
market sales workers
Farmers, forestry workers and
fishermen
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and
assemblers
Elementary occupation: laborers
and unskilled workers
All
(47.6%)
(14.2%)
(8.8%)
(5.7%)
Special occupation
Executives and government employees
Professionals
Associate professionals
Clerks
Service workers
Agricultural workers
Craft and trade workers
Machine operators and assemblers
Elementary occupation
Note:
Special occupations refer to occupations in the armed forces.
Source: Computations using 2010 LFS and ISS.
% to
Total employment Formal
0.1
0.6
Informal
0.0
1.2
2.9
0.9
2.8
15.8
1.1
1.6
7.0
0.9
1.8
8.8
0.9
16.3
12.7
16.8
14.2
1.4
15.8
8.8
8.5
8.9
5.7
21.8
3.6
47.6
20.4
51.1
100.00
100.00
100.00
Formal
Men
Women
0.7
0.0
% to Total Employment
Informal
Men
Women
0.0
0.0
All
Men
0.1
Women
0.0
3.3
1.5
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.5
14.9
7.0
9.6
15.1
1.6
8.7
18.7
20.4
100.0
19.7
7.1
5.2
2.8
0.8
8.0
34.5
20.4
100.0
1.3
1.0
1.2
20.2
21.6
9.5
4.2
39.8
100.0
0.6
0.5
0.2
9.3
3.0
7.5
2.4
76.1
100.0
3.1
1.8
2.3
19.5
19.0
9.4
6.1
37.2
100.0
2.0
1.0
0.6
8.8
2.8
7.5
4.7
72.0
100.0
20
Snapshots of Firms
That Create Demand
in the Labor Market
2.8
1.9
90%
80%
70%
60%
91.9
97.9
8.1
Informal Enterprise
2.1
Household
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
98.1
Formal Enterprise
Formal
(4.9%)
Source:
Informal
(18.0%)
2.9
(77.1%)
Formal Enterprise
Source:
Informal Enterprise
Household
Size of Establishment
Formal
Informal
Household
Enterprise Enterprise
Employee
84.4
11.8
0.0
Employer
1.1
0.1
0.5
Self-employed in agriculture
2.3
8.9
57.2
Self-employed in non-agriculture
4.0
12.5
26.4
Unpaid family worker
0.0
31.7
0.0
Casual/irregular paid worker
4.5
3.7
0.0
Day labor in agriculture
1.3
17.0
0.0
Day labor in non-agriculture
2.3
14.3
0.0
Domestic worker in private household
0.0
0.0
15.9
All
100.0
100.0
100.0
Type of Worker
Employment Size
Less than 10 workers
1049
50149
150 and more
All
Formal
Enterprise
37.1
26.4
12.9
23.6
100.0
Informal
Enterprise
88.4
5.6
2.8
3.3
100.0
Household
95.1
3.7
0.0
0.0
100.0
21
Table 2.9.2 Formal Employment by Employment Size of Establishment and Nature of Employment
Employment Size
Employee
Employer
Selfemployed in
agriculture
27.8
20.9
8.7
23.5
80.9
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
Selfemployed
in nonagriculture
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
Casual/
Day labor in
irregular paid
agriculture
worker
1.8
0.9
1.7
0.8
5.2
Domestic
worker in
private
household
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Day labor
in nonagriculture
1.1
2.0
0.3
0.1
3.4
1.9
1.2
0.5
0.5
4.1
All
36.4
26.5
11.6
25.5
100.0
Table 2.9.3 Informal Employment by Employment Size of Establishment and Nature of Employment
Employment Size
Less than 10 workers
10-49
50149
150 and more
All
Employee
3.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
4.6
SelfSelfemployed employed
in
in nonagriculture agriculture
18.5
15.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.3
16.2
Employer
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
Unpaid
family
worker
Casual/
Day labor
Day labor in
irregular
in nonagriculture
paid worker
agriculture
27.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
27.7
1.9
0.4
0.5
0.1
2.8
14.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
14.3
10.4
1.0
0.5
0.0
12.0
Domestic
worker in
private
household
2.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.9
All
93.6
3.7
1.8
1.0
100.0
>
methods (Table 2.10.2).
Barisal
94.9
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.3
100.0
Chittagong
91.7
2.5
0.2
0.3
0.8
4.5
100.0
Dhaka
95.7
2.0
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
100.0
Khulna
93.9
1.0
0.2
0.1
1.3
3.5
100.0
Rajshahi
94.9
2.8
0.2
0.1
1.0
0.9
100.0
Sylhet
93.1
2.7
0.5
0.5
1.2
2.1
100.0
Bangladesh
94.4
2.2
0.3
0.3
0.9
1.9
100.0
Complete
bookkeeping
1.6
6.2
30.5
8.1
13.0
0.5
Simplified
accounts
7.9
18.0
7.3
50.1
13.8
2.9
Informal records
12.4
12.7
10.7
3.8
6.3
7.3
No written
records
66.4
48.6
46.6
38.0
46.9
75.8
Others
All
11.7
14.5
4.9
20.1
13.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22
Working Conditions
in the Labor Market
Agriculture
Formal
Informal
2,534.8
1,353.6
3,321.6
1,041.6
1,516.0
1,583.7
Non-Agriculture
Formal
Informal
2,319.5
1,710.0
5,497.2
3,079.6
4,339.1
1,862.7
All
51.4
48.9
40.6
49.3
35.3
53.9
50.3
52.8
48.3
Formal
50.8
51.3
43.8
52.7
53.0
51.3
52.3
51.4
Informal
52.9
48.1
40.6
49.2
35.3
54.1
50.3
52.9
47.9
Men
51.5
49.3
40.6
50.4
41.2
54.4
50.4
53.2
47.6
Women
51.2
47.0
40.6
42.6
33.2
51.9
49.5
49.7
49.9
=
?
\/
H
^
_
irregularly paid workers put in the most number of
\ /
\/ H {H
??
\/?
|
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2.12 Income
Monthly income by economic sector is presented in Table
2.12.1. In general, workers with formal employment
H
>'
>
^
? \
0
Employee
Employer
Own-account
worker
Employee
Formal
Informal
Men
Source:
Employer
Women
Own-account
worker
23
% to Total Employment
Bangladesh Urban
Rural
3.5
3.6
3.4
11.6
12.9
11.1
4.4
9.7
2.4
50.5
19.2
62.5
1.0
2.2
0.5
0.6
1.4
0.3
18.1
33.6
12.2
5.1
9.5
3.4
0.7
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.1
3.3
1.7
0.6
0.8
0.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.3
99.7
0.7
99.3
36.1
63.9
1.5
98.5
9.1
90.9
12.2
87.8
8.1
91.9
7.3
92.7
Construction site
Office building
83.8
16.2
Employers home
1.1
98.9
Transport vehicle
4.5
95.5
No fixed location
0.7
99.3
24.0
76.0
Others
0%
20%
Formal
Source:
40%
Informal
60%
80%
100%
24
H H
to wage workers.
Thus, with these results, it may be concluded that
\> \/
?
'
he or she needs to be employed in the formal sector.
* >\> \/ H
>
? '
H
? H
to that of the informal wage worker who does not seem
'
Z^H '
H
wage employment.
2.15 Exclusion of
Agriculture, Forestry,
and Fishing
Agricultural employment is often characterized by
informal employment arrangements. Thus, a high
incidence of total informal employment might simply be
?
>
?
\ \
>
Figure 2.14.1 Proportion of Wage Workers who Received Benefits by Nature of Employment and Type of Benefit
100
90
87.6
84.1
80.2
80
72.7
70
60
49.7
50
49.4
40
30
24.3
24.4
19.3
8.4
Source:
Paid
vacation
leave
Bonus
Notice of
termination
Maternity leave
Pension
Working dress
7.7
0.6
Free/
subsidized
meals
Informal
0.3
Formal
Informal
Formal
Informal
Formal
Informal
Formal
Informal
Formal
Informal
Formal
Informal
Formal
Sick leave
2.1
0.9
Formal
4.8
Informal
7.4
Formal
9.1
10
Informal
20
Free/
subsidized
lodging
25
Figure 2.14.2 Proportion of Wage Workers who Received Benefits by Sex and Type of Benefit
100
80
56.0
52.0
43.2
40.2
32.8
15.3
19.0
8.5
11.9
2.8
4.2
2.4
3.2
Women
16.4
Men
22.6
20
Women
28.9
Men
37.1
40
Women
41.8
Men
60
Sick leave
Source:
Paid vacation
leave
Bonus
Notice of
termination
Maternity
leave
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Pension
Working dress
Free /
subsidized
meals
Free /
subsidized
lodging
a According to Hossain, Ahmed, and Akter (2010), the service book is required to be signed by both employer and worker.
Sources: OECD (2008), Chen (2007), Chen et. al. (2004), Cling et.al. (2010), Hazans (2011), Packard (2007), World Bank (2011), Miyan (2008),
and Hossain et.al. (2010).
26
Table 2.15.1 Employment in the Non-agriculture Sector by Nature of Employment, Type of Production Unit, and Sex
Nature of
Employment
Formal
Informal
Formal Enterprise
Men
Women
2,082.8
422.9
38.5
9.4
Informal Enterprise
Men
Women
2,344.5
658.1
14,559.8
2,981.4
Household
Men
Women
149.4
13.0
3,358.7
1,405.4
Total
Frequency
5,670.7
22,353.2
17.2
12.7
5.5
26.9
14.2
20.3
5.5
5.3
52.8
20.4
9.1
32.9
28.0
31.5
82.8
87.3
94.5
73.1
85.8
79.7
94.5
94.7
47.2
79.6
90.9
67.1
72.0
68.5
Employer
Self-employed
Day labor
Employee
Employer
Self-employed
Day labor
Employer
Self-employed
100%
Employee
Figure 2.15.1 Employment in the Non-Agriculture Sector by Type of Production Unit, Employment Status, and Sex
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Formal Enterprise
Informal Enterprise
Men
Source:
Women
Household
%
20.2
79.8
Chapter 3
H
H
informal employment and the informal sector. Rarely do
labor force surveys probe beyond the usual indicators
such as employment status and earnings (e.g., extent of
\/
??
what kind of risk management tools are available for the
\/>??|
?
>
the informal economy. Consequently, it is also arduous
^
?
X
'
?
H
H Z>H
Z
number of problems were encountered during data
collection and analysis. Extensive data validation,
checking, and imputations were implemented to
?
H
?
3.1
Q
Z>H
/
>
>HH>
H
to an industry and services-oriented economy. In
20092010, GVA of the manufacturing sector amounted
to Tk1,201 billion ($17 billion), whereas GVA of the
>
{ ^
H> '
>| H>
period amounted to Tk1,006 billion ($14.5 billion). The
share of the agriculture sector in the 2010 total GDP of
Z>H
{
?
|
O\
>H H
OK
HK%}~&
28
Table 3.1.1 GDP Share of Formal and Informal Sector (Tk billion)
Sector
Industry
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Agriculture
Fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water
Construction
Trade
Hotel and restaurant
Transport, storage, and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate and business activities
Public administration
Education
Health
Community and other private services
Total
GDP at current
price in
20092010
1,005.9
242.2
81.1
1,201.1
71.9
556.6
1,002.9
51.5
718.8
123.0
456.8
187.6
179.1
151.4
684.7
6,714.7
GVA of formal
sector**
63.9
132.2
80.8
743.6
70.8
373.5
333.2
30.0
536.1
119.1
341.4
181.7
161.7
147.5
528.7
3,844.1
942.0
110.0
0.3
457.5
1.2
183.1
669.7
21.5
182.7
3.9
115.4
5.9
17.4
3.9
156.0
2,870.5
15.0
3.6
1.2
17.9
1.1
8.3
14.9
0.8
10.7
1.8
6.8
2.8
2.7
2.3
10.2
100.0
1.0
2.0
1.2
11.1
1.1
5.6
5.0
0.5
8.0
1.8
5.1
2.7
2.4
2.2
7.9
57.0
Share of
informal sector
(%)
14.0
1.6
0.0
6.8
0.0
2.7
10.0
0.3
2.7
0.1
1.7
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.3
43.0
The informal sector accounted for more than two'
}= Z>H
WW {#>
<| =>
\
? >
H
'
H
H
>
H
H
H
>'
>
?
{ >
> H >
>
H \ H '
| #> < H ?
43%
57%
Informal
Formal
Figure 3.1.2 Share of Formal and Informal Sectors to Gross Value Added, by Industry (%)
94
55
45
100
62
38
98
67
33
33
67
58
42
75
25
97
75
25
97
90
10
97
77
23
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Formal **
Note:
For the complete name of industries, please refer to Table 3.1.1
Source: Computations using 2010 ISS Phase 2 data.
60%
Informal
70%
80%
90%
100%
29
100%
52.5
52.4
52.5
52.8
53.0
53.5
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.4
28.2
48.7
25.2
27.9
48.7
25.8
52.6
49.1
25.1
27.2
49.5
24.9
52.4
49.1
24.6
26.6
50.0
24.3
52.0
49.9
23.8
26.3
48.1
22.5
50.9
47.9
21.7
26.4
48.3
21.5
50.0
49.9
20.5
25.9
49.0
20.7
49.2
48.0
20.3
25.3
47.7
21.0
70%
47.0
80%
20.9
90%
60%
50%
40%
30%
19.2
19.0
18.6
18.6
18.3
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
26.2
1999
19.6
25.4
1998
2006
25.8
1997
20.1
25.7
1996
2005
26.4
1995
21.0
25.6
1994
2004
26.2
1993
21.8
29.4
1992
2003
30.4
1991
22.7
30.2
1990
2002
29.6
1989
24.1
30.3
1988
2001
31.7
1987
25.5
31.2
1986
2000
32.0
10%
1985
20%
0%
Agriculture
Industry
Services
3.2
Agriculture and
Non-Agriculture
Sectors
?H
Y >
^
H
>\
?H
?
^
H
\'
?
? }=
\
H H}=
? HH
4
30
37%
41%
22%
Agriculture
Source:
Industry
Services
3.3
Labor Productivity
Q
^
\?H
H
generate economic output among informal enterprises
in Bangladesh. In general, concepts, such as the joint
>
? H ?
H
H
?
?
H ?H
measures (+ / / 0
2).
Q \
\
>?H
{| >
?
H?H
??
and (ii) the value added-based labor productivity
approach. The gross output-based approach measures
labor requirements per unit of output, while the value
HH H
H??
H
/ H\ ^
>
H
>
HH
Q
?H
HH H
H ??
?
\ HH
total GVA of the informal sector computed from survey
data by the total number of jobs in the informal sector.
To have a point of comparison, we also present labor
?H
#
we use the term 2
33 to
refer to the sum of the GVA of formal enterprises and
_?
H
Survey results suggest that, in Bangladesh, total
?H
?
H
GVA to total employment, stood at Tk191,831 ($2,756) in
WWQ
H?H
?
?
?
H
Q << \ 'H ?H
? >
?
{
>
H > '
H
and electricity, gas, and water) are high in the formal
H
H H
> ?
H >
?H
?
"?H
^
H H
^
?
?
H Q/O {OWK|
value-added terms, while an average job in the informal
sector contributed Tk53,319 ($766).
Figure 3.3.1 further illustrates the disparity of labor
?H
\
H
of the economy.
H
?H
\
<<
>
?H
?H
\
> ?H
the informal sector. On the other hand, in agriculture,
?H
\
K
>
?H H
?
support the inference that the informal sector accounts
>'
?
31
39
49
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
3,267
4
562
Manufacturing
88
1,497
17
1,029
Construction
82
Trade
150
136
168
34
593
Transportation, storage
and communication
60
689
Financial intermediation
20
1,117
Real Estate
331
Public administration
and defense
469
38
232
Education
31
Human health
and social work activities
20
Other community
and personal services
53
710
822
Formal sector**
Source:
Informal sector
Chapter 4
4.1
YV@;
?
>
>
?'
>
?
YV@;
\ H /\ H>
of the profession, while those in the rural areas were
HH#
/ >> >
?H
H
>
H\
>
H
?
H>
#>
YV@;
based on social norms and on what they know, which
/
>?'
_
>
YV@;
Q
\ 'H>
of Brooks et al. (2010), such that risk aversion and the
vulnerability to income shocks can hinder other kinds
\ ? >
H
?H
Household
Unincorporated
Enterprises with At
Least Some Market
Production
4.2
47
46
39
37
20
33
20
18
21
17
0
Family tradition
It is the profession
that I know
National
Source:
32
More stable
returns than other
products / services
It gives better
income / higher
profits than other
products or
services
Urban
Rural
Others
H>
?
>'
?
/>
small enterprises.
HH
?
YV@;
\
/ H
'
>
H
\
YV@;
H '
>
\
>
{%<|H
{|
H X}
{!W| Q ?? YV@;
\ \ /
H
H>
has increased by 6 percentage points, while those who
borrow from NGOs has increased by 5 percentage points
{Q |Q
>'
H
YV@;
Z>H
Q
??YV@;
\\X}
>>
that (i) HUEMs know that NGOs provide ample support
to small enterprises, which encourages them to start and
expand their businesses which could, in turn, help the
H{| ?
informal arrangements in expanding their businesses.
Q
?? YV@;
\ \
/
H
H>
hand, suggests that (i) HUEMs are knowledgeable that
/
H
H>
?H
enterprises and that they have access to the available
H {| ?
expanding their businesses.
Q
H
when applying for loans and, thus, very small informal
enterprises are hindered from applying. In terms of
number, almost nine in 10 loan seeking HUEMs are
?
\ '^ H
^
H> Q/WWWW {| >
?
\'^ H
\Q/WWW{KO%|
?
\ >?
H ?
OW YV@;
?? H
for loan in the country.
Figure 4.2.1 Proportion of HUEMs which Applied for a Bank Loan for
Ongoing Business Activity, by Industry (%)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Financial intermediation
Real Estate
Public administration and defense
Education
Health and social work
Other community, social and personal services
Total
0
Initial Capital
Banks
Micro lending facility
Cooperative
Non Government Organization
National/Local Government Project
Family/Relative
Neighbor/Friends
Employer/Landlord
Private moneylender
Own Source /Saving
Others
5.8
3.9
0.5
12.0
0.3
24.9
3.5
0.2
2.6
45.2
1.2
Financing
(if required)
10.7
5.1
0.6
17.0
0.6
24.4
6.6
0.2
4.6
29.3
1.1
33
Source:
10
15
20
25
Z/??
>YV@;
\
% Q
\ YV@;
?? H
H
H
process. Thus, the HUEMs that did not apply were also
asked for the reasons for the non-availment of loans. The
most common reason cited for not applying for a bank
\
?
H ?
H
??
{#> | > O YV@;
that did not apply cited bank-related reasons for the
/
?
%
YV@;
H?
H
?
HK
H
> H
/
H !
H
are too high, maturity period is too short, and that the
> _
H
* YV@;
\
/
%W YV@;
did not avail of the loans since they believed that
procedures are too complicated and, if they hurdle the
?
H
H
Q
?H
?
/>
in that while HUEMs are aware of the availability of
?
?{ ?
H
34
/??
H< YV@;
HH
\
'H
?
H ? H> YV@;
#
' {|YV@;
>> H'
>
{\
/??
\
H|
H
\
H H H>
{#> | HH K YV@;
>> H
H
of capital as the reason why banks rejected their loan
??
Figure 4.2.4 Reasons for Loan Rejection (%)
Incomplete papers
Insufficient guarantee/deposit
Others
Others
10
20
30
40
50
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
%
Source:
Source:
Q
\
?
HYV@;
??>/
?
H
>\ ?
H
Q
H \?
> {%|YV@;
\
actually applied for bank loans.
4.3
Increase production
Increase volume of sales
Diversification of production
Improvement of competitiveness
Working less time
Source:
10
20
30
40
%
50
60
70
Financial difficulties
Supply of raw materials
Lack of space, adapted premises
Lack of machine or equipment
Sale of products-lack of customers
Sale of products-too much competition
Organization, management difficulty
Too much control, taxes
Others
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
35
Access to loans
Others
0
Source:
10
20
30
40
50
*
H
H
Q
H
?
? >
and rural areas. HUEMs in urban areas are mainly focused
on the services sector, while those in the rural areas
H
?H
H
In general, organizing enterprises in the informal
economy is not an easy task and, as the survey results
suggest, only one in 10 HUEMs is associated with a
> Q
? \
>>
{<|
\ %YV@;
? H
\
>
Training in organization
Communication with the Government
Competition for Litigation
Others
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
Source:
H
H ?
?
?
?
&
H / ??
?
\
\
problems are more prevalent. HUEMs in the urban
sector have hinted that most businesses are engaged
in the services sector, while those in the rural areas
>> H ?H
>
>?H
HH
may be more focused on the rural sector, while marketdriven trainings could be focused on urban areas. Policy
H
H
?H H H > '
H
?
Chapter 5
H
> H
and skills, and where the scope of employment is very
H HH
?
?
migrant workers. Thus, it is believed that most of those
who migrated from the rural areas were employed in
the informal sector. It is in this thread that the informal
? H
>'
? H
H
Z>H
WWO Z>H
Z
(BBS) collaborated with the Asian Development Bank
through regional technical assistance (RETA) 6430:
Measuring Informal Employment and the Informal
Sector. Through this technical assistance, the 2010
round of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) was expanded to
H
H ? H
?H
\ \
H
unincorporated enterprises with at least some market
?H
{YV@;
|
{|\
H
H
H H?H
H
^? H H
H ' HYV@;
Q ZZ > >
that is responsible for collecting, compiling, and
H
>
H >
Z>H
H
>
LFS since 1980 to provide data on civilian labor force,
employment, unemployment, underemployment, and
? H
Q H"#
however, does not provide detailed data on the informal
H
to generate disaggregated data of the informal sector,
\
>??? ?
H
36
37
Modification
An Economic Census will be conducted in 2013; the
results of the census will be useful in preparing the
sampling frame in conducting the ISS.
Justification
Relevance
Using the census information as the sampling frame, Economic census contains comprehensive data
identifying households/institutions engaged in informal on the economic activities of Bangladesh, using
sector activities can help in the conduct of future ISS. the sampling frame for the ISS from the census
ensures that the economic data are in line with the
employment data.
Users of the LFS and ISS need data at a shorter
The scenarios of economy and employment are
This is relevant to the mandate of the NSO to provide
interval than at the current interval of 34 years.
changing rapidly in Bangladesh; thus, data (at a
up-to-date data to planners and policy makers for
Therefore, these surveys should be done every other shorter interval) on informal employment and the
evidence-based policy making.
year.
contribution of the informal sector to GDP is needed.
Involvement of National Accounts personnel in the
Information from the ISS-2 is very relevant and useful The objective of ISS-2 is to determine the contribution
ISS and in the estimation of GVA from the informal
for estimating GVA from the informal sector thus,
of the informal sector to the countrys GVA. Therefore,
sector.
getting the National Accounts personnel involved in
the involvement of National Accounting Wing staff will
the design and processing of information gathered
help in institutionalizing the system.
from the ISS-2 can assist them in properly estimating
GVA of the informal sector.
Inclusion of some questions on ISS in the LFS will
The information on informal employment and the
Integrating the ISS into the LFS (by including
not overburden the LFS but will provide valuable
contribution of the informal sector to the countrys
questions or modules on informal economy in the
economy is relevant to Bangladesh.
LFS) can provide valuable information on the extent of information that will be very useful for Bangladesh.
informal employment arrangements and the informal
economy.
HUEM may be identified by using the ISS Form 1 and
The enumerator should have a clear concept about
The enumerator should understand the objectives
by asking questions 2.22.4.
of the survey and the reasons for using ISS Form 1
the employment status of the population and
to be reflected from section-4 of the LFS module.
exhaustive training of enumerators is needed to
properly identify HUEM using ISS Form 1 to be copied The question on employment status (no. 4.9) of the
LFS should be the same with the employment status
from the LFS.
reflected in the ISS Form 1.
Short-term and long-term training programs for
The BBS, which encountered difficulties in conducting A team of experts from the Industry and Labor Wing
officials from the Industry and Labor Wing and
the pilot study, still lacks the capability to conduct the and the National Accounting Wing trained specifically
the National Accounting Wing on the conduct of
ISS using the same sampling frame as the LFS.
for the ISS and the LFS will improve the data
specialized surveys such as the ISS can enhance
collection and the survey results.
the capacity of BBS officials in data collection,
The BBS has very few personnel who can conduct
Improving the capabilities of BBS officials also
processing, and analysis.
specialized surveys such as the ISS, more so with
improves the quality of data collected for the informal
personnel who have experience in conducting the
sector.
LFS. Thus, a team of officials from the Industry and
Proper training prepares statisticians and enumerators
Labor Wing and the National Accounting Wing should in collecting, handling, and processing data.
be trained for future surveys.
BBS = Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, GVA = gross value added, HUEM = household unincorporated enterprises with at least some market production, ISS = Informal Sector
Survey, ISS-1 = Informal Sector Survey Phase I, ISS-2 = Informal Sector Survey Phase 2, LFS = Labor Force Survey, NSO = national statistics office.
Chapter 6
38
*
?
\/>
H
between formal and informal workers were explored,
H HH
?
\
\/
are at a disadvantage. For instance, in terms of income,
those in the formal economy earn, on the average, at
<K
H
Q
H
?
>
wherein informal workers receive less than formal
\/
HH ?H
?
worker in an informal enterprise is only about one-sixth
?H
?
of the economy.
?
?
the informal economy and thus a major source of
?
>
?
\
the total gross value added of all informal enterprises
H
>>>
H{<%|/\ H>
{<!|Q
?
\
H HH
\ '
_
>
{K| _
{%|H> >
{X}
|{| \{W|
?H
applied for a bank loan, while it may be noted that as high
%? H HH??/
since the procedures are too complicated. Problems of
?
\
HH?H
H
?
H
loans and technical training and modern machineries.
V H
?
H
by household unincorporated enterprises with at least
/ ?H
{YV@;
|
H
in the report whereby urban HUEMs needed more credit H
?
\
H H ?H
H
their problems. To address these problems, policies of
> H ?? >
/>
?
'
YV@;
?
>
?
6.2
Importance of
Measuring Informal
Employment and
Informal Sector
?
mechanisms, and the circumstances of the informal
enterprises since the informal economy has become a
growing concern in Bangladesh.
* \
\ \/
?
?
?
of informal workers in Bangladesh seem to be in the
informal economy involuntarily. The survey data provide
evidence that workers under informal employment
arrangements or those working in informal enterprises
\?H
H
\
H
are more vulnerable to economic and social shocks.
Moreover, the results presented in the previous chapters
\
H \
\/
HH
/H
\
>>
H\ ?
?
>???
?
H?
> >
In general, with globalization leading to less
H ^ ? >
39
\
?>
>H
H
??
' H
and regularly conducted in Bangladesh, government
policies that support the informal sector and informal
employment can be prepared and executed to help
H
6.3
Other Issues
?H H '
Q
H '
YV@;
HH>
H
HH?
>
>
Q
/
^?
H
H
H
>
H
H
/
H
> \ ?
> H
"#H
?
\
\
H ?
>
?
\
H
that enumerators and supervisors who have had prior
^?
H
>
\
useful in administering the ISS.
Appendix 1
{|
&H
H ?
Q '^ HH
HH >
?H
\
Q
>>
or enter into contracts with other units, nor incur
\ Q \
'
\
/
and are personally liable, without limit, for any
H
>
H ?H
process. Expenditure for production is often
H
>
H ^? H
Similarly, capital goods such as buildings or vehicles
H H
>
H
household purposes.
{<|
=
? H ?H
informal sector are not necessarily performed with
H H> ?
^
>>
labor or other legislations or administrative
provisions. Accordingly, the concept of informal
H H
>
H
?
HH H >H
economy.
40
41
Own-account workers
Informal
3
9
Formal
Employers
Informal
4
Members of producers,
consumers cooperatives
Informal
Formal
8
(a) As defined by the Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (excluding households employing paid domestic workers).
(b) Households producing goods exclusively for their own final use and households employing paid domestic workers.
Sources: 17th ICLS Final Report and Hussmann, R. 2004a.
{H
H
??H
annual or sick leave, etc.) for reasons such as nonH
?
H
H
\
\/\>
\
?
' H
H
{ >
| ?
by unincorporated enterprises or by persons in
H
\ ?
?
\/
H ?
?
enterprise (e.g., outworkers without employment
|
\
>
not applied, not enforced, or not complied with
for any other reason.
{|
workers and employers can hardly be separated
from the type of enterprise, which they own. The
informal nature of their jobs thus follows directly
?
{| \
{|
{| \
42
Appendix 1
2.
Predominantly
Men
Low
Industrial Outworkers/Homeworkers
Predominantly
Women
Note: The informal economy may also be segmented by race, ethnicity, or religion.
Source: Chen, Martha A. 2007.
Appendix 2
Q ^ H
??
H
'
?
H YV@;
of which will be sampled for the second phase survey
YV@;
?>
of the labor force survey (LFS) are the adults in sampled
H
H
H
employment, the LFS is the most appropriate household
'
?
=
"#
most frequently conducted household survey and hence,
?
\ ?H Q
"#
^?H HHH>
H YV@;
?
? '
HH\/>
H
\/
The graphical description of the mixed survey
approach is shown in Figure A2.2. Phase 1 or expanded
"#
HH
' H
into three categories namely, i) informal employment
module, ii) informal sector enterprise module, and iii)
YV@;H '
H Q ?
module will determine the extent of informal employment
H
>
> \/
The data to be collected will be used to analyze the
\/
?
H \/>
H
Q
module, when combined with the informal enterprise
module, will further enrich the examination by
determining informal employment in the informal sector.
The informal sector enterprise module will determine if
?
_
?H \/
Q
>'
?
informal employment also covers the people working
in the formal sector who are informally employed. The
YV@; H '
H H
^
? YV@;
HHH '
respondent in phase 2 of the survey. Meanwhile, phase
?
H
?H
?H>
H >
?H
H
H \
HH
H
?
YV@;
\
?
sample design.
HUEM
identification
module
Phase II:
HUEM Survey
+
Informal employment
module
IS enterprise
identification
module
Informal sector
GDP
44
Appendix 2
+&+
"'97
The mixed survey is a variant of double phase sampling
in which the second phase survey is usually a subset
'
?
? H
?
?>
^ H
\
?>
H \
H
_HH
"#?
HYV@;
in the second phase. The LFS is usually designed such
that all the relevant geographical areas and household
_
\ ?
HY\
mechanism has been incorporated into the LFS design
\
be well represented in phase 2. Some sectors may
be overrepresented and some, with very few HUEMs.
Y
>>
than those from independent informal sector surveys
in which the sampling frame of HUEMs is the result of
> ?
H
H
??
It is, therefore, important that the phase 2 sample be
carefully designed to address this issue.
The high turnover of HUEMs is another issue that has
to be considered in designing the second phase survey.
To control for unit nonresponse (e.g., cannot be located,
closed) in the second-phase HUEM survey, the interval
between the two phases should be kept short. In fact,
?
H
> H
\
phases can be done almost simultaneously. This would
not only reduce the ineligible HUEMs and those that
cannot be located but would also save some travel costs
for the enumerators and supervisors. This, of course, is
>\H YV@;
H ' H "#
will also be enumerated in the HUEM survey. Otherwise,
^ ?
needed. For example, if the sample primary sampling
units (PSUs) in the LFS are the same or very similar in
?
H
\
H
self-employed individuals in the survey can be a good
auxiliary variable that can be used as measure of size
'
?>&V
Q ?
' H ?
there are several options in designing the second
phase: (i) a subsample of the PSUs of the household
sample survey can be taken, in which all the informal
\ H {|
?
YV@;
\ H ' H\ \ H
H?
H{|YV@;
H ' H\ \ H~
\
??? H ? H
\>
? H HH
{
|
is available for each domain, then PSUs can be selected
accordingly. Subsampling HUEMs for the second phase
\H
' H ?
to subsample, a list frame is needed and, hence, results
'
?
'
?
H#
since HUEMs are likely not distributed evenly across
> >?
> \/H ' H
?
\
>>
?>
YV@;
?
H?
?
Chittagong
Dhaka
Khulna
Rajshahi
Sylhet
Stratum
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
TOTAL
ISS 1
57
49
39
37
86
74
46
40
132
117
63
58
63
64
41
42
94
88
69
63
50
51
39
38
1,500
"
!
Given that the ISS has two phases, the survey
? H \
Q
following table describes each form:
Table A2.2 Survey Questionnaires: Informal Sector Survey
LFS and ISS Form 1
Questionnaire
ISS Form 2
(Phase 2) Questionnaire
45
Q
#{&
|
(i)
{|
Q
reference period used are the previous week, previous
month, and 12 months ago.
On the other hand, the primary purpose of the ISS
#{YV@;|
> H
46
Appendix 2
H
?H
The results of the HUEM Survey will provide the basis for
> benchmark gross value added (GVA) for
H
>
H
?H
{}~&|
Q
YV@;
?H H
?
'
for the informal sector.
Q #
^{|
=
Z
$
D.
E.
F.
>Z
@? H$?
@^? H &H
H
Capital Expenditures
Banks, Micro-Finance Services, and Other
Support Structure
Problems and Prospects
Q
>'
}=
Z>~; \
@H#
HH H
H?
/>
+
":;
72
For the first phase, the mixed survey approach
administered in Bangladesh used ISS Form 1 to screen
the respondents for the second phase. The following
\
?H
?
It should be noted that, as a rule, the respondent
interviewed for the HUEM Survey should be the owner
?
Q
H? H
because the respondent must have extensive knowledge
of the revenues and expenditures, as well as the
?H
?
?
\
YV@;
Legal Status
Marketed Production
Single proprietorship/ individual business or farm
&
&
&
Others
Yes
Do not know
Appendix 3
Sampling Errors
Table A3.1 Informal Employment Rate
Item
Bangladesh
Urban
Rural
Male
Female
Informal
Employment
Rate
11.45
24.00
7.68
13.18
7.39
Linearized
Std. Error
0.38
1.13
0.24
0.39
0.49
Proportion
13.21
0.25
17.26
14.59
24.43
3.09
13.15
11.16
2.86
12.36
0.19
16.64
14.05
23.79
2.69
12.47
10.54
2.62
Proportion
48.58
0.19
11.92
0.17
0.05
4.78
13.14
7.15
1.48
0.09
0.67
0.06
0.22
0.93
1.00
2.29
0.74
0.12
4.40
2.02
0.00
Appendix 4
Q
H
H ? H
H ?
H
employment decision matrix. The whole process of
H > ??
H
H
assessment that the reliable variables to use in classifying
the informality of employment for own- account and
employers are the employment status and bookkeeping
?
?
\?
\
|\
|
H
H
<|
?' H
>?
H
employees, the employment status and type of contract
>'
H
??
Informal Enterprises
H H
H >
the households in Bangladesh is the query Does the
?
\
>H
H
H ' H \/
?H
>
^
\
? Y\
Table A4.1 Combination of Questions from the 2010 Bangladesh ISS Used for the Cross Tabulation Analysis
Question
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q2.1 (ISS1)
Q4.23 (LFS)
Q4.8 (LFS)
Q4.8 (LFS)
Q2.4 (ISS1)
Q2.2 (ISS1)
Q4.24 (LFS)
Description
Employment status
Employment status
Employment status
Employment status
Employment status
Employment status
Type of contract
Place of work
Place of work
Bookkeeping practice
Legal status of enterprise
Type of pay slip
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
Question
Q4.10 (LFS)
Q2.2 (LFS)
Q2.4 (ISS1)
Q4.23 (LFS)
Q4.24 (LFS)
Q2.3 (ISS1)
Q4.24 (LFS)
Q4.10 (LFS)
Q2.2 (ISS1)
Q2.2 (ISS1)
Q4.24 (LFS)
Q4.11 (LFS)
Description
Type of enterprise
Legal status of enterprise
Bookkeeping practice
Type of contract
Type of pay slip
Market enterprise (sell goods or services)
Type of pay slip
Type of enterprise
Legal status of enterprise
Legal status of enterprise
Type of pay slip
Employment size
Table A4.2 Decision Matrix for Determining Formal and Informal Employment
Nature of Employment
Employment Status
Formal Employment
1 regular paid employee
6 irregular paid worker
7 day laborer (agri)
8 day laborer (non-agri)
9 Domestic worker in a private household
2 employer
3 self-employed (agri)
4 self-employed (non-agri)
Informal Employment
1 regular paid employee
6 irregular paid worker
7 day laborer (agri)
8 day laborer (non-agri)
9 Domestic worker in a private household
5 unpaid family worker
2 employer
3 self-employed (agri)
4 self-employed (non-agri)
48
Contract
Records of Accounts
1 written contract
1 complete bookkeeping
2 verbal contract
or
3 no contract
2 simplified accounts
3 informal records
4 no written records
5 others
>>
H
> Q
results imply that there may be respondents who did
H
H
type of work. For example, the respondents who work
?
H
H H ?
?
? H
?\
\
of the employee, does not sell any tangible product.
Technically, the company sells its services to the
>
_? ? _
?
Z
an ordinary employee, this concept may not easily be
grasped. Hence, when asked if the enterprise sells any
of its products or services, the respondent may have
answered No. The same reasoning is hypothesized
to those own-account workers and employers who
\ H X ^
owning market-producing enterprises, such as 1) the self ? H\/ ?
>
H>
49
Table A4.3 Decision Matrix for Classifying Production Units: Own-Account Workers, Employers, and Unpaid Family Workers
Production Unit
Employment Status
1 regular paid employee
6 irregular paid worker
7 day laborer (agri)
8 day laborer (non-agri)
Formal Enterprise
2 employer
3 self-employed (agri)
4 self-employed (non-agri)
5 unpaid family worker
1 regular paid employee
6 irregular paid worker
7 day laborer (agri)
8 day laborer (non-agri)
Informal Enterprise
2 employer
3 self-employed (agri)
4 self-employed (non-agri)
5 unpaid family worker
9 Domestic worker in a private hhld
Household
3 self-employed (agri)
4 self-employed (non-agri)
Payslip
1 Complete
information
1 complete bookkeeping
1 On a regular basis
or
2 From time to time
2 Simple payslip
or
3 No
1 Single proprietorship
2 Partnership
5 Others
6 Do not know
Appendix 5
3.
4.
5.
6.
rel
3
1
2
sex
1
1
2
age
10
43
35
Z \ ' H'
ct
4
4
4
4
4
1
reg
15
15
15
15
15
15
Dist upza un mza rmo psu_no hhno lineno s4_1 s4_2 s4_3
15 9 43 480 2
265
176
3
2
2
5
15 9 43 480 2
265
176
1
1
0
0
15 9 43 480 2
265
176
5
1
0
0
15 9 43 480 2
265
176
6
1
0
0
15 9 43 480 2
265
176
2
2
2
2
15 43 9 480 2
265
176
50
51
zila
upazila
union
mauza
rural_urban
psu
hhld
sl
occ
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
2
7
13
24
30
47
53
64
70
81
87
92
104
109
115
126
132
143
149
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
7
1
7
Inconsistencies in Q.2.3 Does the enterprise you own / where you work (including work in the farm) sell or barter its goods and/or services?
region
zila
upazila
union
mauza
rural_urban
psu
hhld
sl
occ
q_2_3
q_2_7
q_2_9
10
10
62
65
65
65
84
84
84
84
10
10
61
51
51
51
84
84
84
84
94
94
31
65
65
65
25
25
25
25
79
79
94
47
47
47
76
76
76
76
767
767
363
156
156
156
696
696
696
696
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1038
1038
658
393
393
393
424
424
424
424
60
76
80
30
38
88
52
58
81
81
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
X
X
O
O
O
O
O
Notes:
Q.2.3 Does the enterprise you own / where you work (including work in the farm) sell or barter its goods and/ or services? --> 1. Yes, at least some part
of it on a regular basis; 2. Yes, at least some part of it from time-to-time; 3. No; 4. Dont know.
Q.2.7 If entry in Column 2.3 is either code 1 or 2, enter O. Otherwise, enter X.
Q.2.9 Put a check mark (/) if the entries in Columns 2.5 to 2.8 are all O and go to Column 2.10.
Inconsistencies in Q.2.4 How does your enterprise / business maintain its records or accounts?
region
46
62
62
62
Notes:
zila
46
61
61
61
upazila
65
31
31
31
union
31
94
94
94
mauza
459
363
363
363
rural_urban
1
1
1
1
psu
378
658
658
658
hhld
10
21
49
62
sl
1
1
1
1
occ
1
1
1
1
q_2_4
1
1
1
1
q_2_8
O
O
O
O
q_2_9
O
X
X
O
Q.2.4 How does your enterprise / business maintain its records or accounts? --> 1. Complete bookkeeping (balance sheet and operating statements);
2. Simplified legal accounts; 3. Only through informal records of orders, sales, purchases; 4. No written records are kept; 5. Others, specify.
Q.2.8 If entry in Column 2.4 is either code 2, 3, or 4, enter O. Otherwise, enter X.
Q.2.9 Put a check mark (/) if the entries in Columns 2.5 to 2.8 are all O and go to Column 2.10.
52
Appendix 5
O
9.
2010 LFS/ISS
148,600,000
38,100,000
110,500,000
2005 LFS
8,773,479
28,806,089
49,951,042
16,077,125
35,412,317
9,579,948
Labor Force
Men
Women
46,775,568
41,141,330
5,634,239
49,494,263
36,988,972
12,505,291
Employed
Men
Women
45,264,773
40,327,349
4,937,424
47,356,591
36,079,828
11,276,763
1,510,796
813,981
696,815
2,137,672
909,144
1,228,528
Unemployed
Men
Women
W V
>
H H
?
H
\ ^ HHH
to classifying jobs according to the nature of
employment arrangement, each job is to be
> H
\
H H
5
53
Appendix 6
Statistical Tables
Table A6.1 Population and Labor Force Characteristics by Sex and Urban/Rural
Population
Total Population
Labor Force
1524 years
2529
3064
6575
Unemployed
Employed
Agriculture
(in primary job)
Non-agriculture
(in primary job)
Formal enterprise
(in primary job)
Informal enterprise
(in primary job)
Household
(in primary job)
Men
75,321.1
39,505.4
7,416.8
4,648.7
23,946.7
1,856.7
1,655.8
37,849.6
15,479.1
10,733.8
3,066.1
22,195.3
5,474.7
2,202.0
% to Total
Women
Urban
49.3
22.9
30.3
23.6
38.2
24.2
36.0
22.8
27.1
23.4
5.9
14.3
37.6
33.2
30.0
23.2
Total
148,708.8
56,714.0
11,991.8
7,267.6
32,853.2
1,973.7
2,652.9
54,061.2
Men
50.7
69.7
61.8
64
72.9
94.1
62.4
70.0
Rural
77.1
76.4
75.8
77.2
76.6
85.7
66.8
76.8
23,146.8
26,212.8
59.1
40.9
11.7
88.3
9,428.6
18,241.4
27,670.0
80.2
19.8
34.1
65.9
451.5
1,314.9
1,338.6
2,653.5
83.0
17.0
49.6
50.4
28,967.9
12,681.2
10,003.7
31,645.5
41,649.2
69.6
30.4
24.0
76.0
6,509.4
3,075.7
1,178.6
8,406.4
9,585.1
67.9
32.1
12.3
87.7
Rural
7.7
91.5
0.0
0.1
0.7
100.0
Total
11.4
87.8
0.0
0.1
0.6
100.0
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, = magnitude equals zero.
Total Number of Employed (1,000 persons) % to Total Number of Employed of the Corresponding Group
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
4,978.1
1,195.8
6,173.9
13.2
7.4
11.4
32,477.0
15,005.9
47,482.9
85.8
92.6
87.8
5.9
5.9
0.0
0.0
48.1
2.1
50.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
340.4
7.8
348.2
0.9
0.0
0.6
37,849.6
16,211.6
54,061.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, = magnitude equals zero.
54
Statistical Tables
55
Total
Employed
Persons
25,757.3
Employees
Total
Formal Job Informal Job Employers
7,330.8
470.2
6,860.6
14.9
4,329.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4,329.4
n/a
21,427.9
27,633.8
2,533.0
20,337.8
7,330.8
15,730.6
2,380.3
12,242.6
470.2
5,447.0
2,335.3
2,985.3
6,860.6
10,283.6
45.0
9,257.3
15.0
70.7
27.0
43.6
3,791.6
8,853.3
125.7
5,072.3
10,290.5
2,979.2
2,979.2
3,655.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3,655.3
n/a
1,107.7
53,391.0
1,107.7
23,061.4
126.4
5,917.2
981.3
17,144.2
n/a
85.7
n/a
16,974.2
n/a
13,269.7
Numbers may not sum precisely because of rounding and data limitations. For example, the number of employed persons in agriculture (in primary job) plus the
number of employed persons in the non-agriculture sector is less than the estimated total number of employed persons. This is because there are instances
when respondents with multiple jobs classified as secondary jobs, in such occasions, these were excluded in estimating the numbers presented in the table
above. Moreover, there were about 14,547 in the agriculture sector and 36,229 in the non-agriculture sector who reported that they were employers but
were classified as working in private households. We suspect that they were own-account workers and not employers. In addition, there were also 441,039
in the agriculture sector who reported that they were paid domestic workers but were identified as working in households producing agricultural goods for
own consumption. Again, we suspect that they were own-account workers and not paid domestic employees. This is discussed further in the Appendix 5 of
this report.
Formal
100.0
5.8
19.5
43.6
9.8
17.0
4.4
Informal
100.0
5.9
16.2
30.2
12.5
29.3
5.9
All
100.0
5.9
16.6
31.8
13.3
27.9
5.8
OwnContributing
account
family
workers
workers
8,121.0
10,290.5
56
Appendix 6
1,000 persons
Women
6,654.6
3,733.0
2,495.8
1,686.6
893.9
415.0
199.4
118.9
12.3
10.8
7.1
16,227.3
Men
15,568.8
8,838.6
5,237.4
3,072.0
2,376.2
1,398.7
975.0
637.8
81.0
61.0
19.2
38,265.7
Total
22,223.3
12,571.7
7,733.1
4,758.7
3,270.1
1,813.7
1,174.3
756.6
93.3
71.8
26.3
54,493.0
Men
40.7
23.1
13.7
8.0
6.2
3.7
2.5
1.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
100.0
% to Total Employment
Women
41.0
23.0
15.4
10.4
5.5
2.6
1.2
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
100.0
Total
40.8
23.1
14.2
8.7
6.0
3.3
2.2
1.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
100.0
Formal
4.0
6.9
17.0
12.5
22.6
35.0
45.3
55.2
61.5
72.6
10.6
Informal
96.1
93.1
83.0
87.5
77.4
65.0
54.7
44.8
38.5
27.5
89.4
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Table A6.10 Employment by Industry, Nature of Employment, Sex, and Urban/Rural (thousand)
Sector
Industry
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Nature of Employment
Formal
Informal
571.0
25,898.2
2.4
101.5
1,975.2
4,517.8
62.1
55.4
166.6
2,439.9
516.6
6,643.5
77.5
727.6
266.3
3,679.8
285.1
82.0
386.2
267.7
444.4
99.6
918.7
329.8
151.6
252.8
363.6
2,101.2
52.4
1,049.1
1.5
1.1
6,241.2
48,246.9
Sex
Men
Women
15,732.1
10,737.0
90.0
13.9
4,666.3
1,826.6
111.0
6.5
2,379.1
227.3
6,269.5
890.6
752.5
52.7
3,747.3
198.8
311.8
55.4
581.6
72.3
508.3
35.7
938.0
310.5
261.1
143.2
1,750.5
714.3
158.9
942.6
2.7
0.0
38,260.8
16,227.3
Area
Urban
3,102.2
21.9
2,565.9
58.9
808.4
2,031.9
250.5
1,177.6
232.4
387.2
257.1
423.5
147.8
715.9
418.7
1.5
12,601.4
Rural
23,366.9
82.1
3,927.0
58.5
1,798.1
5,128.2
554.7
2,768.5
134.7
266.7
286.9
824.9
256.5
1,749.0
682.9
1.1
41,886.7
Statistical Tables
57
Employee
Employer
Self-employed in agriculture
Self-employed in non-agriculture
Unpaid family worker
Casual/irregular paid worker
Day labor in agriculture
Day labor in non-agriculture
Domestic worker in private household
Total
1,000 jobs
Employment Status
Urban
3,598
60
658
2,339
2,412
742
492
1,915
390
12,606
Rural
3,601
77
8,750
5,610
10,903
943
6,672
4,164
1,170
41,890
All
7,199
137
9,408
7,949
13,314
1,685
7,165
6,080
1,560
54,496
% to Total Number of
Employed
Urban
Rural
28.5
8.6
0.5
0.2
5.2
20.9
18.6
13.4
19.1
26.0
5.9
2.3
3.9
15.9
15.2
9.9
3.1
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
19.6
80.4
25.1
74.9
2.9
97.1
5.0
95.0
3.9
96.1
7.9
92.1
12.1
87.9
3.0
97.0
13.2
86.8
7.4
92.6
5.2
3.8
4.3
2.7
100.0
Informal
5.4
0.3
22.3
20.1
10.6
3.2
19.4
15.8
2.9
100.0
Formal
83.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
7.4
2.1
4.1
1.1
100.0
Women
Informal
2.6
0.1
12.7
7.7
65.2
1.8
3.2
3.8
2.9
100.0
Total
employment
0.1
1.2
2.8
1.6
1.8
16.3
14.2
8.8
5.7
47.6
100.0
Formal
Informal
0.6
2.9
15.8
7.0
8.8
12.7
1.4
8.5
21.8
20.4
100.0
0.0
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.9
16.8
15.8
8.9
3.6
51.1
100.0
Formal
Men
0.7
Women
0.0
% to Total Employment
Informal
Men
Women
0.0
0.0
All
Men
0.1
Women
0.0
3.3
1.5
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.5
14.9
7.0
9.6
15.1
1.6
8.7
18.7
20.4
100.0
19.7
7.1
5.2
2.8
0.8
8.0
34.5
20.4
100.0
1.3
1.0
1.2
20.2
21.6
9.5
4.2
39.8
100.0
0.6
0.5
0.2
9.3
3.0
7.5
2.4
76.1
100.0
3.1
1.8
2.3
19.5
19.0
9.4
6.1
37.2
100.0
2.0
1.0
0.6
8.8
2.8
7.5
4.7
72.0
100.0
58
Appendix 6
Formal
Informal
Enterprise Enterprise Household
84.4
11.8
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.5
2.3
8.9
57.2
4.0
12.5
26.4
0.0
31.7
0.0
4.5
3.7
0.0
1.3
17.0
0.0
2.3
14.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
Employment Size
Less than 10 workers
Oct-49
50149
150 and more
All
Informal
Enterprise
88.4
5.6
2.8
3.3
100
Household
95.1
3.7
0.0
0.0
100
Table A6.17 Formal Employment by Employment Size of Establishment and Nature of Employment
Employment Size
Less than 10 workers
1049
50149
150 and more
All
Employee
27.8
20.9
8.7
23.5
80.9
Employer
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
Selfemployed in
agriculture
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
Selfemployed
in nonagriculture
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
Casual/
irregular paid Day labor in
worker
agriculture
1.8
1.1
0.9
2.0
1.7
0.3
0.8
0.1
5.2
3.4
Day labor
in nonagriculture
1.9
1.2
0.5
0.5
4.1
Domestic
worker in
private
household
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
All
36.4
26.5
11.6
25.5
100.0
Table A6.18 Informal Employment by Employment Size of Establishment and Nature of Employment
Employment Size
Less than 10 workers
1049
50149
150 and more
All
Employee
3.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
4.6
SelfSelfemployed employed
in
in nonEmployer agriculture agriculture
0.2
18.5
15.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
19.3
16.2
Unpaid
family
worker
27.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
27.7
Casual/
irregular
paid
worker
1.9
0.4
0.5
0.1
2.8
Domestic
Day
Day labor worker in
labor in
in nonprivate
agriculture agriculture household
14.1
10.4
2.8
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.3
12.0
2.9
All
93.6
3.7
1.8
1.0
100.0
Statistical Tables
59
Barisal
94.9
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.3
100.0
Chittagong
91.7
2.5
0.2
0.3
0.8
4.5
100.0
Dhaka
95.7
2.0
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
100.0
Khulna
93.9
1.0
0.2
0.1
1.3
3.5
100.0
Rajshahi
94.9
2.8
0.2
0.1
1.0
0.9
100.0
Sylhet
93.1
2.7
0.5
0.5
1.2
2.1
100.0
Bangladesh
94.4
2.2
0.3
0.3
0.9
1.9
100.0
Legal Status
Single proprietorship/ individual business/farm
Partnership
Corporation (stock or non-stock; nonprofit)
Registered cooperative
Others, specify
Do not know
Simplified
accounts
7.9
18.0
7.3
50.1
13.8
2.9
Informal records
12.4
12.7
10.7
3.8
6.3
7.3
No written
records
66.4
48.6
46.6
38.0
46.9
75.8
Others
11.7
14.5
4.9
20.1
13.5
All
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Table A6.21 Average Weekly Hours Worked by Employment Status and Nature of Employment
Employment Status
Employee
Employer
Self-employed in agriculture
Self-employed in non-agriculture
Unpaid family worker
Casual/irregular paid worker
Day labor in agriculture
Day labor in non-agriculture
Domestic worker in private household
All
51.4
48.9
40.6
49.3
35.3
53.9
50.3
52.8
48.3
Formal
50.8
51.3
43.8
52.7
53.0
51.3
52.3
51.4
Men
51.5
49.3
40.6
50.4
41.2
54.4
50.4
53.2
47.6
Women
51.2
47.0
40.6
42.6
33.2
51.9
49.5
49.7
49.9
Agriculture
Formal
Informal
2,534.8
1,353.6
3,321.6
1,041.6
1,516.0
1,583.7
Non-Agriculture
Formal
Informal
2,319.5
1,710.0
5,497.2
3,079.6
4,339.1
1,862.7
Informal
52.9
48.1
40.6
49.2
35.3
54.1
50.3
52.9
47.9
60
Appendix 6
Table A6.24 Employment in the Non-agriculture Sector by Nature of Employment, Type of Production Unit, and Sex
Nature of
Employment
Formal
Informal
Formal Enterprise
Men
Women
2,082.8
422.9
38.5
9.4
Informal Enterprise
Men
Women
2,344.5
658.1
14,559.8
2,981.4
Household
Men
Women
149.4
13.0
3,358.7
1,405.4
Total
Frequency
5,670.7
22,353.2
%
20.2
79.8
Table A6.25 GDP share of formal and informal sector (Million Tk.)
Industry
Agriculture
Fishing
Mining & Quarrying
Manufacturing
EGW
Construction
Trade
Hotel & restaurant
Transport, storage, and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate and business activities
Public administration
Education
Health
Community and other private services
Total
GVA of formal
sector**
63,904
132,246
80,812
743,588
70,780
373,455
333,233
30,011
536,073
119,084
341,448
181,665
161,679
147,509
528,661
3,844,147
GVA of informal
sector
941,976
109,983
329
457,493
1,165
183,126
669,713
21,490
182,723
3,914
115,382
5,904
17,405
3,915
155,994
2,870,513
Share by sector
(%)
15.0
3.6
1.2
17.9
1.1
8.3
14.9
0.8
10.7
1.8
6.8
2.8
2.7
2.3
10.2
100.0
Share of formal
sector** (%)
1.0
2.0
1.2
11.1
1.1
5.6
5.0
0.5
8.0
1.8
5.1
2.7
2.4
2.2
7.9
57.0
Share of informal
sector (%)
14.0
1.6
0.0
6.8
0.0
2.7
10.0
0.3
2.7
0.1
1.7
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.3
43.0
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, GDP = gross domestic product, GVA = gross value added.
Table A6.26 Formal** and Informal Sector Gross Value Added (in Million Taka) and Number of Jobs in Bangladesh by Industry
Industry
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishery
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Hotels, accommodation and food service activities
Transportation, storage and communication
Finance
Real estate and other business activities
Public administration and defensel compulsory social security
Education
Human health and social work activities
Other community and personal services
Number of jobs
Formal sector**
Informal sector
5,016,345
21,452,762
24,734
79,233
1,322,879
5,170,042
47,266
70,179
363,067
2,243,364
2,225,275
4,934,800
178,676
626,444
904,475
3,041,626
172,749
194,395
305,781
349,104
387,195
156,779
695,458
553,025
207,759
196,619
643,403
2,925,657
Formal sector** actually refers to the joint contribution of formal sector enterprises and private households. Its contribution to total gross domestic product (GDP)
is computed as a residual of the contribution of informal enterprises that was directly measured using the informal sector survey.
Table A6.27 Formal** and Informal Sector Gross Value Added (in Thousand Taka) and Number of Jobs (in millions) in Bangladesh by Industry
Industry
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishery
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Hotels, accommodation and food service activities
Transportation, storage and communication
Finance
Real estate and other business activities
Public administration and defensel compulsory social security
Education
Human health and social work activities
Other community and personal services
Formal sector** actually refers to the joint contribution of formal sector enterprises and private households. Its contribution to total gross domestic product (GDP)
is computed as a residual of the contribution of informal enterprises that was directly measured using the informal sector survey.
Statistical Tables
61
Table A6.28 Labor Productivity in the Formal** and Informal Sector (in million Taka)
Labor Productivity in million taka
Formal sector**
Informal sector
39,102.2
49,036.1
3,267,243.5
4,152.3
562,098.3
88,489.2
1,497,482.3
16,600.4
1,028,611.8
81,630.1
149,749.1
135,712.3
167,963.2
34,304.7
592,689.7
60,074.1
689,347.0
20,134.3
1,116,642.3
330,509.0
469,182.2
37,658.1
232,478.5
31,472.4
710,000.5
19,911.6
821,663.9
53,319.3
Industry
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishery
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels, accommodation and food service activities
Transportation, storage and communication
Finance
Real estate and other business activities
Public administration and defense
Education
Human health and social work activities
Other community and personal services
Formal sector** actually refers to the joint contribution of formal sector enterprises and private households. Its contribution to total gross domestic product (GDP)
is computed as a residual of the contribution of informal enterprises that was directly measured using the informal sector survey.
Table A6.29 Labor Productivity in the Formal** and Informal Sector (in thousand Taka)
Labor Productivity in thousand taka
Formal sector**
Informal sector
39.1
49.0
3,267.2
4.2
562.1
88.5
1,497.5
16.6
1,028.6
81.6
149.8
135.7
168.0
34.3
592.7
60.1
689.4
20.1
1,116.6
330.5
469.2
37.7
232.5
31.5
710.0
19.9
821.7
53.3
Industry
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishery
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels, accommodation and food service activities
Transportation, storage and communication
Finance
Real estate and other business activities
Public administration and defense
Education
Human health and social work activities
Other community and personal services
Formal sector** actually refers to the joint contribution of formal sector enterprises and private households. Its contribution to total gross domestic product (GDP)
is computed as a residual of the contribution of informal enterprises that was directly measured using the informal sector survey.
Table A6.30 Distribution of HUEMs by Main Reason for Choosing Business Activity
Reason for choosing business activity
Family tradition
Relative know this activity better
For better income/higher profit than other
More stable returns/income
Others
Total
National
No.
Percent
3,745,682.0
38.8
3,574,402.0
37.0
1,741,185.0
18.0
109,564.0
1.1
496,348.0
5.1
9,667,180.0
100.0
National
5.8
3.9
0.5
12.0
0.3
24.9
3.5
0.2
2.6
45.2
1.2
100.0
Urban
6.4
3.9
0.5
9.8
0.3
27.9
4.8
0.2
2.3
42.5
1.4
100.0
Rural
5.5
3.9
0.5
12.9
0.3
23.8
3.0
0.1
2.7
46.2
1.1
100.0
Urban
No.
553,451.0
1,305,986.0
587,542.0
57,044.0
247,950.0
2,751,973.0
Rural
Percent
20.1
47.5
21.4
2.1
9.0
100.0
No.
3,192,231.0
2,268,416.0
1,153,643.0
52,519.0
248,398.0
6,915,207.0
Percent
46.2
32.8
16.7
0.8
3.6
100.0
National
10.7
5.1
0.6
17.0
0.6
24.4
6.6
0.2
4.6
29.3
1.1
100.0
Urban
10.5
7.0
0.7
13.6
0.3
28.0
7.1
0.1
3.1
28.3
1.2
100.0
Rural
10.8
4.4
0.5
18.3
0.7
22.9
6.3
0.2
5.2
29.7
1.0
100.0
62
Appendix 6
Table A6.33 Percentage Distribution of HUEMs which Applied for a Bank Loan for Ongoing Business Activity by Industry
Industry
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Financial intermediation
Real Estate
Public administration and defense
Education
Health and social work
Other community, social and personal services
Total
Applied
11.1
11.8
9.0
7.6
0.0
7.5
7.8
2.7
5.8
23.1
7.3
1.8
10.2
5.5
5.5
8.9
National
Did not apply
88.9
88.2
91.0
92.4
100.0
92.5
92.2
97.3
94.2
76.9
92.7
98.2
89.8
94.5
94.5
91.1
Applied
10.4
13.0
100.0
10.0
0.0
8.9
8.6
3.1
5.8
30.6
5.9
4.3
6.3
3.1
6.0
8.4
Urban
Did not apply
89.6
87.0
0.0
90.0
100.0
91.1
91.4
96.9
94.2
69.4
94.1
95.7
93.7
96.9
94.0
91.6
Applied
11.2
11.4
0.0
5.5
0.0
5.5
7.1
2.5
5.9
0.0
9.9
0.0
11.7
7.7
5.0
9.1
Rural
Did not apply
88.8
88.6
100.0
94.5
100.0
94.5
92.9
97.5
94.1
100.0
90.1
100.0
88.3
92.3
95.0
90.9
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, HUEMs = household unincorporated enterprises with at least some market production.
Rural
22.5
0.0
5.5
5.5
7.1
2.5
5.9
0.0
9.9
0.0
11.7
7.7
5.0
9.1
Table A6.35 Percentage Distribution of the Main Reasons for HUEMs that never Applied for Bank Loan
for Ongoing Business Activity by Industry
Main reason for having never applied for a bank loan
Amount
Guarantee/
Not
of Loan
Procedures Interest collateral Maturity interested
Dislike
offered is
are too
rates are required is period is in getting
to pay
Industry
insufficient complicated too high too much too short
a loan
interest
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
15.1
48.9
7.0
4.5
4.1
7.4
1.2
Fishing
11.8
57.0
7.9
3.2
3.9
5.2
0.0
Mining and quarrying
42.2
21.2
0.0
0.0
18.3
18.3
0.0
Manufacturing
16.8
48.4
7.8
5.9
7.6
5.3
1.5
Electricity, gas and water supply
0.0
44.3
0.0
8.8
25.8
7.4
6.7
Construction
12.7
44.5
15.1
6.4
3.6
4.6
1.1
Wholesale and retail trade
16.4
48.2
6.6
4.7
6.5
6.3
1.1
Hotels and restaurants
11.2
54.6
9.3
3.7
4.8
7.0
0.0
Transport, storage and communications
10.5
53.5
5.9
5.4
7.3
4.7
1.3
Financial intermediation
0.0
21.4
8.6
34.2
8.7
0.0
0.0
Real Estate
18.3
48.0
4.9
2.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
Public administration and defense
17.4
46.0
8.4
0.0
8.4
7.5
2.8
Education
12.8
51.9
6.6
3.4
2.8
6.9
3.4
Health and social work
8.1
53.0
4.2
6.9
3.2
6.6
0.0
Other community, social and personal services
12.8
51.3
9.9
2.4
4.7
8.7
0.4
Total
14.8
49.4
7.2
4.6
5.3
6.7
1.1
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, HUEMs = household unincorporated enterprises with at least some market production.
Did not
need a
loan
11.2
11.0
0.0
6.1
6.9
11.4
8.0
5.8
9.7
27.1
14.5
9.5
11.0
18.0
8.7
9.7
Others
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.6
2.2
3.5
1.6
0.0
3.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.1
1.2
Statistical Tables
Proportion (%)
1.1
1.2
4.6
5.3
6.7
7.2
9.7
14.8
49.4
National
Has Impact
66.2
37.2
48.0
35.2
20.6
23.8
18.0
18.7
14.7
86.5
Urban
No Impact
33.8
62.8
52.0
64.8
79.4
76.2
82.0
81.3
85.3
13.5
Has Impact
56.4
27.0
52.7
44.3
21.4
26.8
19.0
25.7
16.3
85.8
Rural
No Impact
43.6
73.0
47.3
55.7
78.6
73.2
81.0
74.3
83.7
14.2
Has Impact
69.8
41.0
46.2
31.7
20.2
22.7
17.6
16.1
14.1
86.8
No Impact
30.2
59.0
53.8
68.3
79.8
77.3
82.4
83.9
85.9
13.2
Proportion (%)
66.2
48.0
37.2
35.2
23.8
20.6
18.7
18.0
14.7
Industry
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage and communications
Financial intermediation
Real Estate
Public administration and defense
Education
Health and social work
Other community, social and personal services
Total
Incomplete
papers
30.4
7.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.8
21.2
20.4
0.0
34.0
11.7
23.2
Complete but
not convincing
63.9
69.9
100.0
92.3
55.2
80.3
78.8
79.6
100.0
66.0
88.3
71.4
0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed, = magnitude equals zero.
Insufficient
guarantee/
deposit
1.7
0.0
0.0
7.7
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
Insufficient
initial capital
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
Activity /
enterprise
deemed not
viable
0.0
22.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
Others
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
63
64
Appendix 6
Proportion (%)
71.4
23.2
2.2
1.4
1.1
0.7
Table A6.41 Types of Problems Faced by HUEMs to Run the Business Activity (%)
Type of problem/difficulties
Supply of raw materials
Sale of products-lack of customers
Sale of product- too much competition
Financial difficulties
Lack of space, adapted premises
Lack of machine or equipment
Organization, management difficulty
Too much control, taxes
Others
Total
National
Problem Faced
Did not face
31.8
68.2
17.4
82.6
17.3
82.7
39.1
60.9
23.8
76.2
19.5
80.5
13.5
86.5
7.5
92.5
7.1
92.9
70.8
29.2
Urban
Problem Faced
Did not face
26.9
73.1
16.0
84.0
18.7
81.3
34.3
65.7
29.2
70.8
14.8
85.2
12.6
87.4
6.9
93.1
7.1
92.9
67.8
32.2
Rural
Problem Faced
Did not face
33.8
66.2
17.9
82.1
16.7
83.3
41.0
59.0
21.6
78.4
21.4
78.6
13.9
86.1
7.7
92.3
7.2
92.8
72.1
27.9
Proportion
39.1
31.8
23.8
19.5
17.4
17.3
13.5
7.5
7.1
70.8
Need Help
27.1
11.9
24.8
26.0
47.2
25.4
15.2
9.0
8.1
6.5
71.7
National
Did not need help
72.9
88.1
75.2
74.0
52.8
74.6
84.8
91.0
91.9
93.5
28.3
Need Help
18.8
7.6
24.7
17.1
40.7
28.4
19.4
10.0
7.9
5.4
67.4
Urban
Did not need help
81.2
92.4
75.3
82.9
59.3
71.6
80.6
90.0
92.1
94.6
32.6
Need Help
30.4
13.6
24.9
29.5
49.8
24.1
13.5
8.5
8.1
6.9
73.4
Rural
Did not need help
69.6
86.4
75.1
70.5
50.2
75.9
86.5
91.5
91.9
93.1
26.6
Proportion
47.2
27.1
26.0
25.4
24.8
15.2
11.9
9.0
8.1
6.5
71.7
Proportion
52.9
27.2
25.6
25.5
18.2
18.1
17.5
17.3
15.7
14.0
13.7
11.6
NAME
1 - Complete
1 - Complete
Time Ended
Time Started
DPC No.
Code No.
Confidential
(Personal information will not be disclosed)
Signature
2 - Incomplete
2 - Incomplete
Date
3 - Refused
3 - Refused
Code
visit
Date
2nd visit
st
Respondents Name
DESCRIPTION OF THE VISIT
Visit
PSU No.
Mouza/Mohalla
Union/Ward
Upzila/Thana
Zila
Region
Name
Quarter:
Round:
Team:
ISS FORM 1
Appendix 7
HH members ID
numbers
N
U
M
B
E
R
J
O
B
2.1
1. Employee
2. Employer
3.Self-employed in agriculture
4. Self-employed in non-agriculture
5. Unpaid worker/ family member
6. Casual/Irregular paid worker
7. Day labor in agriculture
8. Day labor in non-agriculture
9 .Domestic worker in a private household
2.2
2.3
2.4
66
Appendix 7
HH members ID
numbers
N
U
M
B
E
R
J
O
B
2.5
If the entry in
Column 2.1 is
either code 2,
3, or 4, enter
O.
Otherwise
enter X.
2.6
If the entry in
Column 2.2 is
either code 1,
2, 5, or 6, enter
O. Otherwise,
enter X.
2.7
If entry in 2.3
is either
code 1 or 2,
enter O.
Otherwise
enter X.
2.8
If entry in
Column 2.4 is
either code 2,
3, or 4 enter
O.
Otherwise
enter X.
2.9
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
2.10
If this is the last person or job, proceed with ISS Form 2 interviews for each
IS identified and marked in Column 2.9.
67
Fuel and lighting (firewood, cow dung, jute stick, kerosene, agriculture products fuel,
gas, electricity, pit coal, etc)
Miscellaneous expenses
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
Item
Previous Month
(taka)
(b)
12 Months Ago
(taka)
(c)
68
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Name
Code No.
Region
Zila
Upzila/Thana
Union/Ward
Mouza/Mohalla
Area (Rural-1, Urban-2)
PSU No.
Sample Household No.
HUEM Owner
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE VISIT
Visit
Date
st
visit
1 - Complete
2 - Incomplete
3 - Refused
nd
visit
1 - Complete
2 - Incomplete
3 - Refused
1
2
Enumerator
Supervising Officer
Editor / Coder
Signature
Date
Code
70
Appendix 8
ISIC
2. No
OB.4. If yes, your business is registered with which of the following? Put a Tick Mark in the appropriate box.
OB.4.1. City Corporation
OB.4.2 Union Parishad
OB.4.3 Pourashava
OB.4.4. NGO/Co-operatives
OB.4.5. Others (Specify).
OB.5. Do you have a bank account in the name of this business?
1.Yes
2.No
OB.6. What type of bookkeeping and account practices do you keep for this business?
(Copy from ISS Form 1, Question 2.4)
1. Complete bookkeeping (balance sheet and operating statements)
2. Simplified legal accounts
3. Only through informal records of orders, sales, purchases
4. No written records are kept
5. Others, specify
OB.7. In which type of premises do you conduct this business activity?
(Copy from ELFS-1 Section 4, Question. 4.8)
Fixed premises
1.
At home with no special workplace
2. At my homeworh space inside/attached to the the home
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Proceed to OB.7.1
No fixed premises
11. Transport vehicle
12. No fixed location (e.g. mobile, door-to-door, street w/o fixed post)
13. Others (specify) ____________________
OB.7.1. If you were to rent an office space for your business, how much do you think will be your
monthly rental cost?
Taka
2
71
OB.8. Do you have other places of business where you also conduct your main activity?
1.Yes
2.No
OB.9. Do you have any other business activity aside from this business activity?
1.Yes
2.No
No.
Including yourself, list the characteristics of those who worked regularly in the business you operated.
(last 6 months of operation for agriculture; last month of operation for non-agriculture) (below 15 years
old are not included)
Total
Payment
Wages / salaries
Sex
Age Status Contract
working
Name
(Code)
(In Taka)
(Code) (yrs) (Code) (Code)
hours
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(Taka)
1 Male
2 Female
1. Employee
2. Employer
3. Self-employed in agriculture
4. Self-employed in non-agriculture
5. Unpaid worker/ family member
6. Casual/Irregular paid worker
7. Day labor in agriculture
8. Day labor in non-agriculture
9 . Others (specify)
1 Operator/Owner
2 Written contract without
fixed duration
3 Written contract with fixed
duration
4 Verbal agreement
5 On trial/probation
6 No contract
7 Others (specify)
72
Appendix 8
EC.3.
Workers Benefits (last 6 months of operation for agriculture; last month of operation for nonagriculture)
(Taka)
(Taka)
EX.2. For products sold without transformation, how much did you spend to buy your stocks?
AGRICULTURE
NON-AGRICULTURE
Total value
No.
Kind/Name of item
Qty Unit
No. Kind/Name of item Qty
Unit
(Taka)
1
Total value
(Taka)
73
1.
NON- AGRICULTURE
(Last month)
2.
Social insurance
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Water
8.
Electricity
9.
Name of product
Qty
NON-AGRICULTURE
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
No.
Name of product
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
74
Appendix 8
Name of item
Qty
NON-AGRICULTURE
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
No.
Name of item
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
No.
AGRICULTURE
Kind of services
Qty
Total value
(Taka)
No.
NON-AGRICULTURE
Kind of services
Qty
Total value
(Taka)
Name of product
Qty
NON-AGRICULTURE
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
No.
Name of product
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
Name of product
Qty
Unit
NON-AGRICULTURE
Total value
(Taka)
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
Name of product
Qty
Unit
NON-AGRICULTURE
Total value
(Taka)
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
Name of product
Qty
Unit
NON-AGRICULTURE
Total value
(Taka)
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
75
76
Appendix 8
PIS.9.
No.
Name of product /
raw materials
Qty
Unit
Total value
(Taka)
No.
NON-AGRICULTURE
Name of
product / raw
Qty
Unit
materials
Total value
(Taka)
PIS.10. How did your business activity fluctuate within the past 12 months?
Month
JAN
(a)
FEB
(b)
MAR
(c)
APR
(d)
MAY
(e)
JUN
(f)
JUL
(g)
AUG
(h)
SEP
(i)
OCT
(j)
NOV
(k)
DEC
(l)
Activity
code
Activity codes:
0 No activity
1 Minimum
2 Average
3 Maximum
(TAKA)
CE.1.
What are the Capital/Fixed assets and their present status used for your business activity during the
past 12 months?
Code
Initial Value
(Current
Price)
Repair &
Preservation
Change /
Addition
Transfer /
Loss / Sale
Land
2
1
Land Development
Machinery Equipment
Depreci
ation
Value of Net
Assets
(3+4+5-6-7)
(In Taka)
Software
Transport Equipment
Small Tools
10
Family tradition
It is the profession that I know
It gives better income/higher profits than other products or services
More stable returns than other products/services
Others (specify) _____________________________________________
BMF.2. What is the source of your business activitys the initial capital?
1. Banks
2. Microlending facility
3. Cooperatives
4. NGO
5. National/Local government project
6. Family/relative
7. Neighbor/friends
8. Employer/landlord
9. Private money lender/pawnshop
10. Ownsource / savings
11. Others, specify
BMF.3. If you need financing for your business activity, what is the source of the financing?
1. Banks
2. Microlending facility
3. Cooperatives
4. NGO
5. National/Local government project
6. Family/relative
7. Neighbor/friends
8. Employer/landlord
9. Private money lender/pawnshop
10. Ownsource / savings
11. Others (specify) .
BMF.4. Have you ever applied for a bank loan for your business?
1.Yes
BMF.4.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.No
77
78
Appendix 8
2.No
BMF.4.3. What was the main reason your application was rejected?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Incomplete documents
Complete but not convincing documents
Insufficient guarantees/collateral
Insufficient initial capital
Activity/enterprise was deemed not viable
Others (specify) _________________________
BMF.4.4. What was the impact of the loan on your business activity?
(Multiple answers are allowed)
BMF.4.4.1 Increase in the volume of production
BMF.4.4.2 Diversification of production
BMF.4.4.3 Increase of the volume of sales
BMF.4.4.4 Improvement of competitiveness/profitability
BMF.4.4.5 Recruitment of additional staff
BMF.4.4.6 Working less time
BMF.4.4.7 Utilization of less staff
BMF.4.4.8 Financial difficulties
BMF.4.4.9 Others (specify) _________________________
PP.2.
10
To solve your present problems, do you wish to have help in the following areas?
Enter 1 if YES, enter 2 if NO. (Multiple answers are allowed)
1. Technical training
2. Training in organizational and financial management
3. Assistance in obtaining supplies
4. Access to modern machines
5. Access to loans
6. Access to information on the market
7. Access to large business orders
8. Registration of business
9.
PP.3.
If NO,
2.No
PP3.1 IF YES, For which type of difficulties does this organization help you?
Enter 1 if YES, enter 2 if NO. (Multiple answers are allowed)
Technical training
Training in organizational and financial management
3. Assistance in obtaining supplies
4. Access to modern machines
5. Access to loans
6. Access to information on the market
7. Access to large business orders
8. Problems/linkages with government
9. Litigation with the competitors
10. Security problems
11. Interactions with employees
12. Others (specify) _____________________________
1.
2.
END
Thank You!!!
END
79
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*
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X
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