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Figure above shows a plan view of a school building. It is constructed using cast in-situ
method and the slab spans 3 x 8 m each. Prepare a complete design of beam 2/A-D.
Design data:
Slab thickness = 125 mm
Loads from finishes, partitions etc. = 15 kN/m
Characteristic live load, qk = 10 kN/m
Nominal cover, c = 25 mm
Concretes characteristic strength, fck = 30 N/mm2
Steel characteristic strength (main), fyk = 500 N/mm2
Beam size, bw x h = 250 x 450 mm
Solution
kN/m
2. Draw the shear force (SFD) and bending moment diagram (BMD).
The coefficients from Table 3.5 can only be applied to continuous beam analysis when
all this provisions are fulfilled.
a) Qk Gk = 10 < 17.81 OK!
b) Loads should be uniformly distributed over 3 or more spans = 3 spans OK!
c) Variation in span length should not exceed 15% of the longest =same span OK!
Beam 2/A-D
w = 39.04 kN/m
8m
8m
0.45F
0.55F
8m
0.6F
0.6F
0.11FL
0.09FL
0.55F
0.45F
0.11FL
+
0.07FL
+
0.09FL
kN
w = 39.04 kN/m
8m
8m
140.54
171.78
8m
187.39
187.39
+
224.87
171.78
140.54
274.84
274.84
174.9
224.87
Assume bar = 20 mm
link = 8 mm
d = h c - link - bar/2 = 450 25 8 - 20/2
= 407 mm
3000 mm
3000 mm
bw = 250 mm
bw = 250 mm
Section A-A
Lo values
Mid span A-B & C-D => lo = 0.85 (8000) = 6800 mm
Mid span B C => lo = 0.7 (8000) = 5600 mm
bw = 250 mm
, = . + . .
1 = 2 = (3000 250)/2 = 1375
,1 = ,2 = 0.2 (1375) + 0.1(6800) = 0.2 (6800) = 1360
,1,2 () = 1,2 (1375) => !
= , + , + = (955 + 955) + 250 =
< = 1375 + 1375 + 250 = 3000 !
Flanged beam
125
= 0.567(30)(2160)(125) 407
= 1582
2
2
224.87 106
= 2
=
= 0.02 <
2160 4072 30
0.167
= 0.5 + 0.25
use = 0.95d
0.02
= 0.5 + 0.25
= 0.98 > 0.95
1.134
1.134
224.87 106
=
=
= 1337 2
0.87 500 0.95 407
0.87
Provide: 5H20
0.26
0.0013
, =
=
0.26 (2.9)(250)(407)
= 153 2 0.0013 (250)(407) = 132 2
500
!
0.04 = 0.04 250 450 = 4500 2
< <
=
= 0.22 > 0.167
250 4072 30
2
= 0.5 + 0.25
Calculate d
= + +
= 0.82
1.134
20
= 25 + 8 +
= 43
2
2
( ) 2
=
0.87 ( )
Provide: 3H16
( 0.22 0.167)(30)(250)(407)2
0.87 ( 500 )(407 43 )
= 416 2
2
0.167(30)(250)( 407 )2
+ =
+ 416 = 1845
0.87
0.87(500)( 0.82 407)
Provide:
3H25
0.26
0.0013
, = 153 2
= 4500 2
< <
, = . + . .
1 = 2 = (3000 250)/2 = 1375
,1 = ,2 = 0.2 (1375) + 0.1(5600) = 0.2 (5600) = 1120
,1,2 () = 1,2 (1375) => !
= , + , + = (835 + 835) + 250 =
< = 1375 + 1375 + 250 = 3000 !
Flanged beam
= 1582
= 2
=
174.9 106
= 0.02 < 0.167
1920 4072 30
= 0.5 + 0.25
=
0.02
= 0.5 + 0.25
= 0.98 > 0.95
1.134
1.134
174.9 106
=
= 1040
0.87 500 0.95 407
0.87
Provide: 4H20
0.26
0.0013
, = 153 2
= 4500 2
< <
1963
=
= 0.02
250 407
1
, = 0.12(100 )3
1
VRd.c = 81.26 kN
Calculate VRd,max
@ 22,
, =
250
( + )
0.36 1
(22 45)
30
0.36 (250)(407) 1
(30)
250
=
= 335.88
( 22 + 22)
0.78 cot
187.39 103
= 0.48
=
0.78(500)(407)(cot 22)
101
= 210 < 0.75 = 0.75 (407) = 305.25
0.48
,
1337
=
= 0.013
250 407
> o
= 11 + 1.5
+
12
From table 7.4N, K = 1.3 (end span of continuous beam) where the moment is
maximum
= (1.3) 11 + 1.5 (30)
(5.48 103 )
1
0
(30)
= 18.8
+
(5.48 103 )
12
0.013 0
(i)
500
500
=
= .
,
1337
500
1570
,
bf/bw = 2160/250 = 8.64 > 3, therefore the modification factor (flange) = 0.8
c) Modification factor for span length more than 7 m
Effective span length 8 m > 7 m, therefore modification factor span length = 7/l eff
= 7/8 = 0.88
d) Calculate (L/d)allowable
= 18.8 1.17 0.8 0.88 = 15.5
a) Calculate (L/d)actual
8000
=
=
= 19.66
407
b) Compare with (L/d)actual with (L/d)allowable
(L/d)actual > (L/d)allowable
i)
ii)
4H20
S1
= ( 2 2 2 )
=
+ 0.3
= 144
500
17.81 + 0.3 (10)
= 232
1.15 1.35(17.81) + 1.5 (10)
Taking wk = 0.3 mm
230 mm
OK!
Crack check passed / failed !!
1.25 = 25 mm
dg + k2 = 20 + 5 = 25 mm
20 mm