Model Project On Improved Rice Mill11

ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR
CHAPTER-1
DISHA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
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MODEL PROJECT ON IMPROVED RICE MILL
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Introduction:
Rice is the staple food for 65% of the population in India. It is the largest consumed calorie source among the food grains. With a per capita availability of 73.8 kg it meets 31% of the total calorie requirement of the population.India is the second largest producer of rice in the world next to China. The all India area, production, and yield of rice in the year 2001-02 was 44.62 million hectares, 93.08 million tonnes and 2086 kg/ ha respectively. In India paddy occupies the first place both in area and production. The crop occupies about 37 % of the total cropped area and 44% (2001-02 position ) of total production of food grains in India. West Bengal is the leading producer of paddy in the country. It accounts for 16.39% of the total production, and the other leading states are Uttar Pradesh (13.38%), Andhra Pradesh (12.24%), Punjab (9.47%), Orissa (7.68%) and Tamil Nadu (7.38%); the remaining states account for 33.45% of the production. India is also one of the leading exporters of rice in the world market. India's export of rice stood at 23.89 lakh MT in 1997-98. The corresponding value of foreign exchange earned was to the tune of Rs. 3371.00 crore in 1997-98. Indian Basmati Rice has been a favorite among international rice buyers. Following liberalization of international trade after World Trade Agreement, Indian rice will become highly competitive and has been identified as one of the major commodities for export. This provides us with ample opportunity for development of rice based value-added products for earning more foreign exchange. Apart from rice milling, processing of rice bran for oil extraction is also an important agro processing activity for value addition, income and employment generation. Many of the rice processing units are of the traditional huller type and are inefficient. Modern rice mills are having high capacity and are capital intensive, although efficient. Small modern rice mills have been developed and are available in the market but the lack of information is a bottleneck in its adoption by the prospective entrepreneur. The present model will go a long way in bridging the information gap.
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Description of Rice Milling Operation: Paddy in its raw form cannot be consumed by human beings. It needs to be suitably processed for obtaining rice. Rice milling is the process which helps in removal of hulls and barns from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice forms the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products. The basic rice milling processes consist of:
Process Definition 1. Pre Cleaning : Removing all impurities and unfilled grains from paddy 2. De-stoning : Separating small stones from paddy 3. Parboiling (Optional) : Helps in improving the nutritional quality by gelatinization of starch inside the rice grain. It improves the milling recovery percent during deshelling and polishing / whitening operation 4. Husking : Removing husk from paddy 5. Husk Aspiration : Separating the husk from brown rice/ unhusked paddy 6. Paddy Separation : Separating the unhusked paddy from brown rice 7. Whitening : Removing all or part of the bran layer and germ from brown rice 8. Polishing : Improving the appearance of milled rice by removing the remaining bran particles and by polishing the exterior of the milled kernel 9. Length Grading : Separating small and large brokens from head rice 10. Blending : Mixing head rice with predetermined amount of brokens, as required by the customer 11. Weighing and bagging : Preparing the milled rice for transport to the customer The flow diagram of the various unit operations are as follows:
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Status of Rice Milling Units in India: Rice milling is the oldest and the largest agro processing industry of the country. At present it has a turn over of more than 25,500/- crore per annum. It processes about 85 million tonnes of paddy per year and provides staple food grain and other valuable products required by over 60% of the population. Paddy grain is milled either in raw condition or after par-boiling, mostly by single hullers of which over 82,000 are registered in the country. Apart from it there are also a large number of unregistered single hulling units in the country. A good number (60 %) of these are also linked with par-boiling units and sun -drying yards. Most of the tiny hullers of about 250-300 kg/hr capacities are employed for custom milling of paddy. Apart from it double hulling units number over 2,600 units, underrun disc shellers cum cone polishers numbering 5,000 units and rubber roll shellers cum friction polishers numbering over 10,000 units are also present in the country. Further over the years there has been a steady growth of improved rice mills in the country. Most of these have capacities ranging from 2 tonnes /hr to 10 tonnes/ hr.
Need for improved rice mills: The recovery of whole grains in a traditional rice mill using steel hullers for dehusking is around 52-54%. There is excessive loss in the form of coarse and fine brokens. Further loss of large portion of endosperm layers during the dehusking operation further accentuates the problem. Against it, the recovery percent of whole grains in modern rice mills using rubber roll shellers for dehusking operation is around 62-64%. The whole grain recovery percent further increases to 66-68% in case of milling of parboiled paddy. Thus it can be seen that there is an overall improvement of recovery of whole grains by about 10-14% if one uses rubber roll shellers for rice milling operations. The conversion ratio ( i.e. recovery % of various final product and byproduct for every 100 kg feed of raw paddy) for these improved rice mills are can be as follows:
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1. Percent of milled rice : 62-68% 2. Percent of rice bran : 4-5% 3. Percent of rice husk : 25% 4. Percent of germ wastages : 2%-8% It has been observed that dehusking using rubber roll shellers reduces the risk of breaking the grain because husk is pulled off almost at once and pressure is applied by means of resilient surfaces across the width of the grain, where kernels, generally are much more uniform than they are by length. Moreover, the process does not remove the internal epidermis of the husk. Thus the deshelled grains with their silver skin envelope are protected against scratches and keep longer and better while the silver skin and the germ increases the quantity of bran which is produced while whitening. The improved rice mills have a better husk and rice bran aspiration system. The same prevents mixing of fine brokens with rice bran. Therefore the quality of rice bran obtained is better. It has also been observed that the location of rice mills are confined to a few selected production centres. Their development as a village level agro processing unit is yet to take a proper shape. In the absence of village level rice milling unit, the farmers have to travel great distances for milling the rice. This leads to increased transportation and handling losses. Thus there is a need to develop improved rice mills as a village level agro processing unit for bringing about technical upgradation and development of the sector. Value addition and generation of gainful and sustainable employment opportunities are the other possible benefits arising out of this agro processing industry. The Central Govt. is also providing a big boost towards the development of this industry. It has since repealed w.e.f. May 27, 1998 the Rice Milling Industry (Regulation) Act, 1958 and Rice Milling Industry (Regulation and licensing) Rules , 1959. Further, rice milling sector which was earlier reserved for the small scale sector, have now been dereserved. As such, no license/ permission is now required for setting up a rice mill.
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CHAPTER-2
INVESTMENT
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Investment components of an improved rice mill: The various investment components are as follows: Land, layout plan and site development requirement: The land requirement for establishing an improved rice milling unit will depend upon 1. Whether the unit will be using a parboiling unit for pre-treatment of paddy before commencement of milling operation or it will be directly milling raw paddy. 2. Whether a single pass or a multipass milling unit is to be installed. Generally 2.00 to 2.50 acre of land is required for establishing an improved rice milling unit having an installed processing capacity of 2 MT/ hr; operating for single shift / day of 8 hr duration; 300 days per annum; i.e. 4800 MT /annum. The land should be with proper elevation. Low lying areas should be avoided. Else proper land filling, compaction and consolidation should be done. Drainage and linkages with road and other communication should also be ensured. The layout of the rice milling plant should be done in a manner that helps in smooth operation of various unit operations in tandem to bring about optimal capacity utilization and economizing power consumption. The tentative cost of land and land development charges for the model project has been considered at Rs. 5.00 Lakh ( Rs. 3.75 Lakh being the cost of the land @ Rs. 1.50 Lakh per acre for 2.50 acre and the remaining Rs. 1.25 Lakh being the cost for site development such as construction of boundary wall, internal roads and drainage system etc.)
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Civil construction: The various construction requirement of an improved rice milling unit are as follows: 1. Raw paddy godown 2. Cleaning unit 3. Drier and necessary supporting structures such as, boiler /blower system etc. 4. Milling section 5. Finished product stores 6. Machine rooms 7. Auxiliary structures such as office, watch and ward etc. The size and civil cost of these structures depend on the production capacity of the project . The tentative civil structures and estimated cost are as follows:
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Civil Structures
(Amt. Rs.)
S.No.
Item
Size / Specifications
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Raw paddy godown- RCC framed 80' x 35' superstructure with 10'' thick brick walls, IPS flooring with damp proof treatment with 1.62 kg DPC /sq.m of floor area and base of the side walls, roofing consisting of ACC sheets
Rs. 300 / sq. ft
840000
affixed with J hooks, bolts and other accessories to steel truss made of MS angle of desired section
Cleaning Shed - Similar to the raw 25' x 32' paddy godown
Rs. 300 / sq. ft
240000
Milling
shed
-RCC
framed 80' x 35'
Rs. 300 / sq. ft
840000
superstructure with brick walls , IPS flooring and roofing consisting of ACC sheets affixed with J Hooks and nuts to steel trusses made of MS angle of desired section and strength bearing capacity.
Finished product or Milled rice storage 30' x 35' shed
Rs. 300 /sq.ft
315000
Machine shed - with masonry structure 40' x25' with ACC sheet roofing on lean truss
Rs. 300 /sq. ft
300000
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Auxiliary structures
Office unit
10' x 15'
Rs. 300 / sq. ft
45000
Labor quarters
30 ' x 15'
Rs. 300 / sq.ft
135000
Machine Room for auxiliary machines 40' x 15' like blowers/ generator set etc.
Rs. 300 / sq.ft
180000
Bore well and water connections
L.S.
100000
Sanitary and plumbing charges
L.S.
50000
Miscellaneous charges
L.S.
50000
Total for Civil Construction Cost
3095000
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Technology: It is better to use rubber roll shellers for dehusking of paddy in the unit for better performance. Plant and machinery and electricals: The details of the nature and type of plant and machinery, their capacity, power consumption, level of automation varies upon the market needs, nature and type of the end products and the investment capacity of the entrepreneur. Whenever paddy is required to be parboiled prior to deshelling, a parboiling unit with steam boilers has to be installed by the milling unit. The same will increase the P&M cost. The details of plant and machinery for the rice milling unit are as follows: 1. Paddy cleaner 2. Rubber Roll Paddy Shellers 3. Paddy Separators 4. Blowers , Husk and Barn Aspirators 5. Paddy Polishers 6. Rice grader/ aspirator 7. Bucket Elevators
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Plant & Machinery
(Amt. Rs.) S.No. 1 Item and Description Total Cost
Raw paddy cleaner cum aspirator consisting of large aspiration of 650,000 desired suction width fitted with double fans with necessary damper controls. The precleaner is also provided with a magnetic separator for removing iron particles ( for avoiding damage to other machines in the rice mill) feed hopper and other accessories viz. bearngs, block sockets, shafting pulley, holding bolt etc.
2 3
One rubber roll paddy sheller
98,000
Paddy Separator for separating undeshelled paddy from deshelled paddy. 45,000
Blowers, husk and barn aspirators for aspiration of light particles, 35,000 separating husks from dehusked kernels and for separating bran from milled rice. 3 nos. of cone type paddy polishers of suitable capacity for polishing and 600,000 whitening rice grains to the desired degree
Rice grader/ aspirator for purification and grading of polished rice grains 50,000 and for separation of the fine brokens, coarse brokens from whole rice.
Bucket elevators for bulk transport and conveyance of raw paddy, milled 90,000 rice from 1 unit operation to another in a rice milling unit
Electricals (AC-3 phase induction motors for each of the machine, DOL 250,000 starters, control panel, internal wiring and lighting)
9 10
Subtotal
1,818,000
Insurance , freight, erection and commissioning charges @20% of the 363,600 subtotal Total 2,181,600
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The specifications and capacity of the various equipment has to be judged properly for deciding upon their cost and appropriateness for the rice milling unit.
DISHA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Page 14
Electrical and other items: The tentative power requirement for various equipment for the rice milling unit is as follows:
Electricals
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 Equipment Paddy cleaner Rubber Roll Paddy Shellers Paddy Separators Blowers , Husk and Barn Aspirators Electric Motor (HP) 5 15 5 7.5
Paddy Polishers ( 3 nos. in series each with 15 45 Hp motor)
6 7 8 9
Rice grader/ aspirator Bucket Elevators Internals Subtotal
5 7.5 10 100
A provision of Rs. 2.50 lakh has been considered towards electrical and internal lighting purpose. Since each of the machine used for undertaking various rice processing operations is provided with it own independent power source (AC-3 phase induction motor), the cost of electrical motors have been included as part of the plant and machinery cost.
Miscellaneous fixed assets: A provision of Rs. 2.00 Lakh under miscellaneous fixed assets has been considered for meeting the expenses for office furniture, fixtures, steel ladders and platforms for cleaning of machines, fire fighting arrangements etc.
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CHAPTER-3
UTILITES
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Utilities: Power: The total power requirement for the model project will to the tune of 75 KW . The essential power requirement of the unit is about 90 HP and accordingly suitable standby generator provision is made. Water: Water is required for parboiling and domestic comsumption purpose. Suitable arrangements for continuos water supply of desired quality and quantity should be ensured while appraising the proposal. Standby diesel engines, generator sets and other utilities: Suitable standby D.G. set is required to be installed in the unit. Thus for the project, a DG Set of 100 KVA capacity with a cost of Rs. 3.75 lakh has been considered. However, it is an optional item and the need is to be assessed depending upon the power supply position in the area. Contingencies: A 5% contingency provision may be made for the unforseen expenses. Organizational setup: The unit may require a plant supervisor, one accountant cum store keeper, three machine operators, one peon and two security staff. Apart from this, three skilled workers and twelve unskilled workers may be required for managing the day to day operation of the unit. Depending upon the size of the unit, the manpower requirement may be modified. Insurance: The rice milling units should go in for adequate insurance to cover the fixed assets and stocks.
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Eligibility of borrowers: The borrowers can be proprietary and partnership firms, cooperatives, joint stock companies, corporations, APMC board, growers associations, NGOs etc. Repayment: The repayment schedule has been calculated considering the tenure of the term loan to be 9 years inclusive of a grace period of 2 years. However, banks are free to decide upon the repayment schedule depending upon the net cash flow assessed. Interest rate for ultimate borrowers: Banks are free to decide the rate of interest within the overall RBI Guidelines. However, for working out the financial viability and bankability of the model project we have assumed the rate of interest as 12% p.a. Interest rate for refinance from NABARD: As per the circulars of NABARD issued from time to time. Security: Banks may take a decision as per RBI Guidelines Results of financial analysis are as under: The financial analysis of the investment on an improved rice mill having an installed capacity of 4800 MT/ annum has been attempted and is placed from Annexures I to VII. The project has a margin money component of 25% with the rate of interest on term loan and working capital as 12% p.a. and 13% p.a. respectively. For this project, the financial indicators of the investment are as under: Net Present Value @ 15% DF (NPW) = Rs. 34.14 lakh
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Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 28.22% Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) = 1.03:1 Average Debt Service coverage Ratio (DSCR) = 1.64:1
Annexures
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CHAPTER-4
MINI RICE MILL
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MINI RICE MILL
1. INTRODUCTION
India is the second largest producer of rice in the world. The major portion of the paddy is being processed through hullers. The hullers are usually low capacity mills. In these hullers, both shelling and polishing operations are carried out simultaneously. Hence, there is no control on the polishing of rice, bran adn a higher breakage of rice occurs. To overcome all these a mini rice mill was designed to meet the needs of the villagers and a substitute for a huller mill, to get polished rice, rice bran and paddy husk.
2. MARKET
Rice being the staple food of majority population, no problem is envisaged in arketing. Besides, the mill can be utilised as a service unit for custom milling. It also noticed the tribals are going for long distance to convert paddy to rice for domestic consumption. Thus, there exists demand for non-trading rice mill in some important centres.
3. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The mini rice mill consists of a paddy cleaner, sheller, separator and a polisher. The most important feature of the mill is that the shelling and polishing are kept separate. Because of the low capacity, a centrifugal sheller is most commonly employed. Different units could be used as polisher. For maximum advantage, it is necessary also to use a paddy separator, whereby need of a high polish can be avoided thus avoiding unnecessary loss of rice
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4. PRODUCTION CAPACITY PER ANNUM
Sale of rice, husk, bran
Rs. 1600000 per annum
5. PROJECT COST/CAPITAL INVESTMENT
S.No. Description 1) 2) 3) Fixed Capital Working Capital for 1 month(s) Preliminary & Preoperative Expanse Total Project Cost
Amount Rs. 450000 109700 5000 564700
6. MEANS OF FINANCE
S.No 1 2 3
Description Promoter Contribution Subsidy/Soft Loan Term Loan Total
%age 15% 20% 65%
Amount Rs. 84705 112940 367055 564700
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7. FINANCIAL ASPECTS
A. FIXED CAPITAL i. Land and Buildings
Land Buildings
Rs.50000 Rs. 200000
ii. Machinery and Equipment S.No 1 Description Total plant and machinery Qty. LS Rate Amount Rs. 200000
Total
200000
B. WORKING CAPITAL
i.
Salaries & Wages (per month) S.No 1 2 3 Description Supervisor/Entrepreneur Skilled worker Unskilled worker Total Nos 1 1 1 Sal/mon. 2500 2000 1500 Amount Rs. 2500 2000 1500 6000
ii.
Raw Material (per month) S.No 1 Description Paddy tons Total Unit Qty. Rate 1 LS Amount Rs. 100000 100000
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iii. S.No 1 2
Utilities (per month) Description Power Water Total Unit LS LS Amount Rs. 1000 200 1200
iv.
Other Expenses (per month)
S.No. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Description Postage, Telephones & Stationery Expenses Transportation & Conveyance Expenses Consumeble Stores Reparis and Maintenance Expenses Miscellaneous Expenses Total
Amount Rs. 200 1000 300 500 500 2500
V.
Total Working Capital (per month)
S.No. 1) 2) 3) 4)
Description Salaries and Wages Raw Material Utilities Other Expenses Total
Amount Rs. 6000 100000 1200 2500 109700
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8. COST OF PRODUCTION (PER ANNUM) S.No. 1) 2) Description Total Working Capital Depreciation - Buildings 5% 10000 30000 44047 1400447 Amount Rs. 1316400
- Plant and machinery 15% 3) Interest on term loan @ 12% Total
9. TURNOVER (PER YEAR) S.No 1 Description Sale of rice, husk, bran Total Qty. LS Rate 1600000 Amount Rs. 1600000 1600000
10.FIXED COST (PER YEAR) S.No. 1) 2) 3) 4) Description Depreciation Interest Salaries & Wages @ 40% Other Expenses incl. Utilities @ 40% Total Amount Rs. 40000 44047 28800 17760 130607
11.PROFIT ANALYSIS & RATIOS 1 Net Profit 2 Percentage of Profit on Sales 3 Percentage of Return on Investment 4 Break Even Point Rs. 199553 12% 35% 40%
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CHAPTER-5
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RESEARCH MATHODOLOGY
RESEARCH
Research seeks answer to certain questions which have not been answered so for & which detained upon human efforts research answers only those question, of which the answer can be given on the basic of cevailabic facilities. It is simply the process of arriving of dependable solution to problem through the planed & systematic collection , analysis & interpretation of data it is the most important process for advancing knowledge for promoting progress & to enable man to relate more effectively to his environment to accomplish his purpose & to resolve his conflict. It is one of the more effective ways of solving scientific problems.
Research is devoted to find the condition under which a certain phenomena occurs & the condition under which it does not occurs in similar circumstances. The research consist of words Re + search, Re means again & search means to find out something new. Thus research is a process of which a person observes the phenomena again & again & collects the data & on the basic of data he draws conclusions. This is clear by following.
Observes Person Phenomenon Again & again
Collection data Conclusion analysis of dada
This research menace to observe the phenomena again & again from different dimensions. For example one finds many theories of learning due to the observation from diff dimensions. Research is oriented towards the discovery of relationship that exists among different phenomena of the world. Research is based on the fundamental assumption that invariant relationship exist between contain antecedents and certain consequents can be expected to follow the introduction or given antecedent.
3.1.1 DEFINITION According to R. Rusk: -
Research is a point of view, an altitude of inequity of frame of mind.
According to C. Francies Rummel:-
Research is an endeavourer to discover, develop and verify knowledge, it is an intellectual process that has developed hundreds of years, ever changing in purpose & form & always searching for truth.
According to Fames Harvey Robinson
Research is but diligent search which enjoys am high flavor or primitive hunting
According to P.M.Cook:-
Research is on honest: - Exhaustive, intelligent searching for facts and their meaning or implications with reference to a given problem. The product or findings of a green piece of research should be an authentic, verifiable & contribution to knowledge in the field studied
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METHODOLOGY
Survey method was adopted to collect data structured questionnaire was prepared for respondent to ensure accurate response. Since question are formulated in advanced, the required in an orderly & systematic manner.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
WebStar has defined methodology as the science of method or arrangement this is not a useful definition. Method is as orderlies or regularity or habitual practice of them in action. By placing stress on arrangement orderliness regularity & habitual practice, the methodologies derive their substance essentially from the classically idea controlled experiments which permeates in the literature of of educational research or the type of inquiry. Research method involves systematic procedures starting from in initial identification of the problem to its final conclusion. Its role is doing carry a research works in a scientific & wailed manner. It provides tools & techniques for conducting a study. It is of little value unless used properly. Proper use must be learnt by the research or it involves such general activities as identifying problems, review of the literature, formulating hypotheses, procedure for testing hypotheses, measurement, data collection , analysis of data, interpreting results & drawing conclusions. Thus, it consists of all general & specific activities of research. Mastery in it enhances understanding of the research activities. Thus, research design & methodology have the identical meaning of mapping strategy of research.
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3.1.2 RESEARCH PROCESS IN FLOW CHART
Define Research Problem

Review Previous Research Findings Review Concepts & Theories
II
Formulated Hypothesis
FF
III FF
Design Research (Sampling Design)
IV
Data Collection (Executive)

F
Data Analysis (Test Hypothesis)

F
Interpreted Report
VII
Where F = Feedback (help in controlling the subsystem to which it is transmitted.)
Where FF = feed forward (serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation.)
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(1) OBJECTIVE
1- Opportunity of rice mill in janjgir district. 2- Legal requirement for establishment of rice mill. 3- Availability of raw material for rice mill in janjgir district. 4- Cost /expenditure incurred for establishment of rice mill. 5- Information of machine and technology require for rice mill 6- Man power requirement for rice mill. 7- Competition of rice mill in janjgir district. 8- Time and money requirement establishment of rice mill. 9- To know license procedure for open rice mil.
(2) RESERCH DESIGN

The type of research design is exploratory or formulates research study, because the major emphasis in such studies is the discovery of the idea & though knowledge the method of design is experience survey, because it provides opportunity of survey of experience research problem.
(3) PURPOSE OF SAMPLINGE

Sampling is an only total which helps to know the characteristics of population by examining by only a smart part of its. The law of statistical regularity says a moderately large no. of its items chosen at random from a large group is almost sure on the average posses the characteristics of large group.
(4) Sample Design:For doing this survey, the sampling technique used for this is convince sampling technique.
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(5) Size of the sample:The appropriate sample for a study may be defined as that sample which fulfills the requirement of efficiency, representativeness, reliability and flexibility that is the sample must be sample enough to avoid sample error beyond the limit of tolerance. The sample should yield the information with the required label of reliability at minimum cost.
(6) Segmentation:The whole janjgir region was divided into various different areas for the purpose of data collection..
NAME OF REGION
AKALTARA SHAKTI JANJGIR PAMGARH MALKHARODA BAMNINDIH CHAMPA BIRRA BALODA
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TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH: -
It includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The main purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at present.
2. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH: -
Analytical research has to use facts or information already available and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.
3. APPLIED RESEARCH: -
Applied research aims at finding solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization The certain aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some pressing practical problem.
4. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH: -
It is mainly concerned with generalization and with the formulation of a
theory. Basic
research is directed towards finding information that has abroad base of application and adds to the already existing organized body of scientific knowledge.
5. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: That can be expressed in terms it is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is application to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity Of quantity.
6. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: It is concerned with qualitative phenomenon that is phenomenon relating to or involving quality or kind.
7. CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH: Conceptual research is that related to some abstract ideas or theory. Philosophers and thinkers to develop new concept or to reinterpret existing once generally use it.
8. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH: Empirical research relies on experience or observation alone, often without due regard for system and theory. It is database research, coming up with conclusions, which are capable of being verified, by observation or experiment.
STEP INVOLVE IN RESEARCH PROCESS 1. Problem Definition:First step in research process is problem definition firstly define problem.
2. Research Design:
The type are research design is exploratory or formulate research study because the major emphasis in such studies is on the discovery or ideas & though knowledge the method of design is experience surveys, because it provides opportunity of survey of experience research problem.
3. Field Work: After research has finalized the problem definition & research design, he goes for collection of data called the fieldwork. He may face number of problems during the fieldwork.
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4. Data analysis & Interpretation:Data analysis & interpretation is carried out is extract meaning full information from in data collected conclusions are derived.
5. Report Sanitation:After analysis & interpretation to data is presented in a systematically typed or printed from.
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3.1.4 COLLECTION OF DATA
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Sources of data
1. Sources of primary data A. Direct observation B. Questionnaire C. Schedule D. Interview 2. Sources of Secondary data:A. Published Sources a. International parboil b. Grover parboil c. Report of Commission & Connive d. Semi Government parboil e. Commercial, Research, Educational Institution, organization, etc.
f. News paper magazine & letter to editor.
B. Unpolished Sources: a. Personal records b. Official records c. Other Severely Many other Sources like film T.V. Radio, Public Spume etc. info. some or the important Sources or
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SOURCES OF DATA
Primary data
I have collected Primary data during the course doing experiment in an experimental research. But in case, I have done research for the descriptive type and perform survey then, I can obtain primary data through observation or through direct communication with respondent in one from another or through or personal interview.
Secondary Data
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e. the data, which have already been collected, and analyzed by someone else. When the researchers utilizes secondary data he to look where he can obtain then this data may either we publish. Usually published data are available in various publications.
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CHAPTER-6
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Survey findings
Survey of tourists
As part of study, a major project on establishment of rice mill in janjgir was undertaken. In survey interviewed 15 rice mill in janjgir dist. During the field visit, it was observed that the rice miller purchase paddy from government and processing than again rice send to the government. The responses from the field survey have been discussed below:
Rice miller
Q.1-> Demographic profile.
Figure: Demographic profile

65-75 5% 55-64 years 23% 15-24 years 2% 25-34years 13%
35-44 years 25%
44-54 years 32%
Fig-6.1 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we analyzed that the age of entrepreneur (rice mill)are- 15-24 2%, 2534 13%, 35-4425%, 44-54325, 55-64 23%maximmum is 32% which is 44-54.
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Q.2-> From how long you are in this business/how much old is your rice mill?
how much old is your rice mill?

01-05 year 05-10 year 10-20year 20-30 year more than 30
6% 20%
13%
32% 29%
Fig-6.2
INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the how much old rice mill in janjgir district - 0105 20%, 05-10 32%, 10-20 29%, 20-30 20%, more than 30 year is 6%. maximmum is 32% which is 05-10 year.
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Q.3-> How much time you require to establish this rice mill?
How much time you require to establish this rice mill?
00-01 year
01-02 year
02-03year 2% 8% 20%
03-04 year
more than 4
10%
60%
Fig-6.3 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed tha How much time is require to establish the rice mill are- 00-01 year 20%, 01-02 year 60%, 02-03 year -10%, 03-04 year 8%, more than 4 year is 2%, maximmum is 60% which is 01-02.
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Q.4-> What is the capacity of your rice mill?
What is the capacity of your rice mill?
01 ton
02 ton
03 ton
04 ton
more than 4
9% 16%
8%
36% 31%
Fig-6.4
INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the What is the capacity of your rice mill in janjgir region - are- 01ton-8%, 2 ton-36%, 3 ton-31%, 4ton-16%, more than 4 ton 9% maximmum is 36% which is 2 ton.
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Q.5-> How much land you require to established this rice mill?
How much land you require to established this rice mill?
>01 acre
01-02 acre
02-03 acre 0% 0% 15% 25%
03-04 acre
more than 4
60%
Fig-6.5 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that, How much rice miller require to established the rice mill injanjgir district are- >1acre 25%, 01-02 acre 60%, 02- 03 15%, 03-04- 0%, more than 4 acre 0%maximmum is 60% which is 01-02 acre.
Page 43
Q.6-> How much money or capital you require to establish this rice mill?
How much money or capital you require to establish this rice mill?
>05 lac 06-15 lac 16-30 lac 31-50 lac more than 50
5% 8% 37% 15%
35%
Fig-6.6 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that How much money or capital rice miller require to establish this rice mill in janjgir district are- >5 lac 5%, 06-15 lac 8%, 16-30 15%, 31-50 lac 35%, more than 50 lac 37%maximmum is 37% which is more than 50 lac.
Page 44
Q.7-> How much human power you require for run your rice mill?
How much human power you require for run your rice mill?
01-05 person 06-10 persom 11-15 person 15-20 person more than 20
4% 12% 19%
28% 37%
Fig-6.7 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the How much human power rice miller require for run rice mill are- 01-05 19%, 06-10 37%, 11-15 28%, 15-20 12%, more than 20 4%maximmum is 37% which is 06-10 human being.
Page 45
Q.8-> From where you collect/purchase the paddy/grain?
From where you collect/purchase the paddy/grain?

government broker former import retail shop
0% 6%
11%
10%
73%
Fig-6.8 INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the From where rice miller collect/purchase the paddy/grain for run rice mill in janjgir district are from- goverment 73%, from broker 10%, from former 6%, from import 0%, from retail shop 11%, maximmum is 73% which is from govrment.
Page 46
Q.9-> Do you daily achieve your processing target (output)?
no 12%
yes 88%
Fig-6.9
INTERPRETATION:-
From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the rice miller daily achieve there processing target (output) or not are- yes 88%, no 12%, maximmum is 88% which is no.
Page 47
Q.10-> What kind of logistic you use for supply your product?
mode of transport
road train train/road
14% 4%
82%
Fig-6.10
INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can analyzed that the What kind of logistic you used by rice miller for supply there product are- road 82%, train 4%, by road and train 14%, maximmum is 82% which is by road.
Page 48
CHAPTER-7
Page 49
CONCLUSION Janjagir district is come under the Chhattisgarh state, and Chhattisgarh is famous for produce paddy. Chhattisgarh paddy is vary popular in India and also export to other country. Because of Chhattisgarh government policy to provide rice in 1 rs. 2 rs to bellow poverty line people the consumption of rice, paddy is high and government need to process the paddy because they provide rice to BPL people. Thats why in Chhattisgarh there is no any problem regarding the raw material for the rice mill it is easily available. And in janjgir champa because of new district the no of rice mill is less compare than the other district.and it is also centr of Chhattisgarh. So there there is big opportunity for rice mill.
Page 50
CHAPTER-8
Page 51
1. Search new market 2. Use new and latest technology 3. Increase the capacity 4. Purchase raw material from other sources also 5. Government should make awareness program for promote rice mill. 6. Also sell finished good in packed to retailer. 7. Export the finished goods
Page 52
CHAPTER-9
Page 53
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
Kotlar Philip, Marketing Management, New Delhi, Pearson Education (P) Ltd., Indian Branch, 2004.
Kothari C.R., research Methodology, New Delhi, New Age International (P) Ltd.
WEBLIOGRAPHY-
Seven step of consumer satisfaction(2006), available at www.customermath.com Research methodology(2005), available at www.wiziq.com Step involve in research process(2008), available at www.indianmba.com
Page 54
CHAPTER-10
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR FORMER

Questionnaire for former, to establishment of rice mill in janjgir district.
Name of the Respondent Contact no.
State of origin
Demographic profile Sex Age
Male 10-20 years 31-40 years 50-60 years
Female 21-30years 41-50 years Above 60 years
Occupation 3
How much land you use for agriculture /cultivating crop?
Professionals Job(gov. private) Entrepreneur, business Agriculture 01-05 acre 05-10 acre 10-20 acre 20-30 acre More than 30 acre (please specify)
Which grain you Paddy cultivate in your Wheat land?
Pulses
Other (please specify)
How many times 1 time you cultivate this 3 time crop in a year? Other (please specify) How much crop. Paddy Paddy you sell in Wheat market every year? Other (please specify)
2 time 4 time
Pulses
Where you sell your Mandi crop/ what Is your Retail shop Other (please specify) preference?
Broker Rice mill
How for market is, > 5 km. where you sell your 9 15 km crop/paddy product? More than 20 km.(please specify)
5 8 km 16 20 km
Page 56
ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR 9
Aare you satisfied Yes with the price and services which you get from purchaser? your expectation from purchase?
No
10 If no, than what is
11
Yes
No
Will you prefer mill to sell your crop paddy?

12 If no , than why?
Other (please specify) 13 Suggestion improvement rice mill of for the
Date
Name of interviewer(capital) ->
SHUBHAM PANDEY
Date
Name and signature of the investigator
Page 57
QUESTIONNAIRE RICE MILLER

Questionnaire for former, to establishment of rice mill in janjgir district.
1 Name of the organization & entrepreneur Contact no. Demographic profile Sex Age State of origin
Male 15-25 years 31-40 years 50-60 years
Female 21-30years 41-50 years Above 60 years
05-10 years From how long you are in 01-05 years 20-30 years this business/how much old 10-20 years More than 30 acre (please specify) is your rice mill?
How much time you require 0-01 years to establish this rice mill? 02-03 years
01-02 years 03-04 years
What is the capacity of your 1 ton rice mill? 3 ton

Other (please specify) How much land you require >1 acre 2-3acre to established this rice mill? Other (please specify)
2 ton 4 ton 1-2 acre 3-4 acre
How much money or capital > 5,00,000 you require to establish this 16,00,000-30,00,000 Other (please specify) rice mill? What is working hour in a day in your rice mill?
6,00,000-15,00,000 30,00,000-50,00,000
> 5 hour 5 8 hour 9 15 hour 16 20 hour More than 20 hour.(please specify) 10-15 20-25
How much human power 5-10 you require for run your rice 15-20 mill? Other (please specify)
Page 58
ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR 10 From where you
purchase machine and technology?
11
What is cost of machine and technology which you are use?
12 Do you require technical Yes
No
person to operate machine and technology or rice mill?
13 Q 11. What you do for
maintained machine and plant? 14 What is interval for the maintained or servicing of your rice mill?
15
From where collect/purchase paddy/grain?
you Government the Broker

Import Other (please specify)
Former Retail shop
16 Do you daily achieve your Yes
No
processing target (output)?

17
What is a processing cost for (10 ton)? How much working capital you require to operate rice mill? Where you product? sell your
19
19
Page 59
ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR 20 Do you packed your product
in small packet or other kind of packaging for selling in retail shop?

21 What kind of logistic you use
for supply your product?
22 What
about competitor?
market
23 Through which you sell your
product? 24 What kind of legal problem you face to operate the business ? Any suggestion
13 Suggestion for improvement of the rice mill
Date
Name of interviewer(capital) ->
SHUBHAM PANDEY
Date
Name and signature of the investigator
Page 60

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ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR

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ESTABLISH A RICE MLL IN JANJGIR