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A B C D E F

TENSION DEVELOPMENT Bar_# 7 0.88" dia. bar size Fy 60 ksi/f'c 4.0 ksi see below top bar 1 0/1 yes no / yes more than 12" concrete below bar L available 63 in available space for embed or hook (for flag) fy 60 k/in2 rebar yeild strength f'c 4 k/in2 concrete compressive strength cover spacing a 3 0 4 1 1.3 in logic in !! logic unit concrete side cover

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

9.63" compression embed 31.29" tension embed 46.94" tension embed other cases

Figure 52-1 Reinforcing embed lengths.

6" c-c spacing & 3" min. side cover required 1+ top_bar * 0.3

Coating per 99 ACI 12.2.4 Epoxy coated bars and wire w/ less than 3 db cover or 6 db spacing Other epoxy coated wire Uncoated reinforcement

1.5 1.2 1.0 row 30

for epoxy bars use 1.5 b 1 factor coating factor for plain and/or epoxy coated rebar ACI 12.2.4 not to exceed a * b = 1.7 =MIN(b * TOP, 1.7) Figure 52-2 Reinforcing embed lengths. bar size factor #3 to #6 = 0.8, #7 and larger = 1.0 for lightweight concrete = 1.3 or fct factor, normalweight concrete = 1.0 area of transverse reinforcing at spacing row 40 s 99 ACI 12.2.4 yeild strength of transverse reinforcement, ties, and stirrups spacing of transverse reinforcement number of bars being developed =A tr * f yt /(1500 s* n) K tr may = 0 for simplification even when transverse reinforcing is present

ab g l A tr f yt s n K tr

1.3 1.0 1 0.6

unitless unitless factor in2

40 ksi 6 in 2 quantity 1.333 unitless

Calculation 1 where spacing > db, clear cover > db, and stirrups or ties throughout ld at or better than code minimum ld/db fy * a * b * l / (25 * f'c ) 49.3 ld/db fy * a * b * l / (20 * f'c ) 61.7 Calculation 2 Other cases ld/db 74.0 ld/db 92.5 3 * fy * a * b * l / (50 * f'c 3 * fy * a * b * l / (40 * f'c

tension for #3 - #6 tension for #7 and larger ) tension for #3 - #6 ) tension for #7 and larger

Figure 52-3 Reinforcing clearances in a beam.

Calculation 3 minimum for calculations 1 and 2 where minimum embed = 12" 99 ACI 12.2.3 =min((cover + K tr) /(bar/8), 2.5) 2.5 ld/db = 3/40 *f y / f' c * ab * g * l / min((cover + K tr) /(bar/8), 2.5) 37.0 As req / As 58 % 0.58 fraction As required / As provided flexural reinforcing except: member is a part of primary load resisting system 99 ACI 12.11.2 required shrinkage and temperature reinforcement 99 ACI 7.12.2.3 bottom bars within the column strip 99 ACI 13.3.8.5 fc*1000 )

row 60

37.9 tension for #3 - #6 =fy*1000/(25* 47.4 tension for #7 and larger

row 70

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A B C D E F

TENSION DEVELOPMENT -- Continued DEVELOPMENT TABLE Based Upon Fy 60 ksi, f'c 4 ksi, Beta 1.0, Bar Tension Tension Size# Area Calc 1 Calc 2 in2 Basic Other cases K tr 0 0 0 3 0.11 18.5 21.5 27.7 21.5 4 0.20 24.7 21.5 37.0 21.5 5 0.31 30.8 21.5 46.2 26.8 6 0.44 37.0 21.5 55.5 32.2 7 0.60 54.0 31.3 80.9 46.9 8 0.79 61.7 35.8 92.5 53.6 9 1.00 69.4 40.2 104.1 60.4 10 1.27 77.1 44.7 115.6 67.1 11 1.56 84.8 49.2 127.2 73.8 14 2.25 107.9 62.6 161.9 93.9 18 4.00 138.7 80.5 208.1 120.7 Area ld_table ld_table 0.60 in2 31.3 in 46.9 in

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4 reinforcing above 12" of the bottom of the pour Compression ldb ldb_c Calc 3 minimum in in 92.5 0 0 2.500 37.0 6.94 4.13 2.500 37.0 12.33 5.50 2.500 37.0 19.27 6.88 2.500 37.0 27.75 8.25 row 80 2.500 37.0 47.21 9.63 2.500 37.0 61.66 11.00 2.500 37.0 78.04 12.38 2.500 37.0 96.35 13.76 2.500 37.0 116.58 15.13 2.476 37.4 188.85 19.26 1.926 48.0 312.18 24.76

for #7 bar ldb basic bar development length ldb bar development length for "other casses"

row 90

. Tension embedment 31.3 required <63.00" allowed . Tension embedment 46.9 required <63.00" allowed for other cases COMPRESSION DEVELOPMENT ldb_c =0.02 * bar /8 * fy / f'c*1000 16.6 in =0.0003 * bar /8 * fy * 1000 15.8 in As req / As 58 % 0.58 fraction 1 factor 9.6 in ldb_c is the basic compression development length without factors. 99 ACI 12.3.2

* 1000

As required / As provided compression reinforcing

Spiral / tie ldb

where reinforcing is confined per 99 ACI 12.3.3.2 use 0.75 -- when reinforced with spirals or ties (per code)

61.02" tension lap 26.25" compression lap Figure 52-4 Reinforcing lap distances. Fy f'c fct

60 ksi 3 ksi 1 ksi 1.0 factor 1.0 factor 32.4 k_ult

l Pt

yeild strength of reinforcing compressive strength of concrete average splitting tensile strength of lightweight aggregate concrete =MAX (6.7 * f'c / fct, 1.0) for lightweight concrete = 1.3 or fct factor, normalweight concrete = 1.0 0.9 * Fy * area Figure 52-5 Compression reinforcement in a column. row 130

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A B C D E F

FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DEVELOPMENT Mn 16.3 k-ft/ ft Unfactored moment capacity Vu required 6.5 k_ult / ft Required ultimate shear d 9 in depth of reinforcing compression 0 0/1 no no / yes confinement by compressive reaction [Vn'] %_cont 12 k ult . 0 % 54% Provided shear capacity phi*Vn % of reinforcing after cutoff

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

61.0" tension lap 26.3" compression lap

FLEXURAL DEVELOPMENT at la 10.5 in Mn_ 16.33 k-ft Vu_ 6.5 k ult [Mn/Vu] 30.1 in compression 1.00 unit ld positive 40.6 in ld' 31.3 in 1 logic

row 139 SUPPORTS and POINTS OF INFLECTION MAX(d, 12 * Bar_# / 8) at inflection point length beyond point of inflection or Unfactored moment capacity embedment length beyond the center of the support Required shear Mn / Vu * 12 1+ comp * 0.30 0/1 no confinement by compressive reaction compression * [Mn / Vu] + la 99 ACI 12.11.3 (12-2) ld <= ld positive OK The 1.3 factor is useable la = 10.5" Mn/Vu = 30.1" only when the reaction row 149 confines the end of the reinforcement

99 ACI 11.1.1 (11 - 1) input the value for FVn Figure 52-6 Reinforcing lap distances.

.Positive Moment Development 31.29 required < ld 31.29" provided The 1.3 factor is useable only when the reaction confines the end of the reinforcement

la + 1.0 * Mn/Vu = 40.6" max ld Figure 52-7 Reinforcing development at supports. la = 10.5" n/Vu = 30.1" M

point of inflection Embedment la + 1.0 * Mn/Vu = 40.6" max ld .Positive Moment Development 31.29 required < ld 40.65" provided Figure 52-8 Reinforcing development at supports. row 169 Flexural reinforcement terminated in a tension zone must satisfy: [Vu/Vn] Cond_1 Av_excess #11_max %_cont' [Vu/Vn]' Cond_3 tens_emb 0.542 . 1 logic 0 1 0 1 0 logic logic logic logic Required Vu/ (provided F Vn) <= 2/3 99 ACI 12.10.5.1 99 ACI 12.10.5.2 not included here #11 and smaller bars % after cutoff >= 2*Mu required Required_Vu / phi*Vn_allow <= 3/4 [Vu/Vn] * #11_max * %_cont' ld = 31.3" row 179 Tension zone development / embedment used in rebar cut-off where reinforcing is not required to resist moment.

Figure 52-9 Flexural reinforcing in a tension zone. ACI 12.10.5.3

1 = tension zone embedment allowed for this / (phi * Vn) Vu 54% configuration Mu_req'd / Mu_provided 0% Condition 1, .. has been met Tension embedment permitted Tension embedment permitted Condition 1, .. 0 row 189

1 logic

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A B C D E F

BAR DEVELOPMENT and HOOKS Bar_# 7 # referenced from above fy 60 ksi rebar yield strength f'c 4 ksi concrete compressive strength 1 unit As % 0.00 - 1.00 As_required / As_provided = 100%99 ACI 12.5.3.4 cover cover_ext tie L 3 3 0 63 in in 0/1 no in concrete side cover concrete cover beyond end of bar or hook no/yes ties -- see notes available space for embed or hook for flag

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

row 199

TENSION HOOK ldb 31.3 ldh_min 7.0 lhb 16.6 fy_factor 1.00 cover cover_ext cover' tie' As_% ldh [ldh<=L] Area T T_ult

in in in unit

ld_Table basic case MAX(bar_#, 6) 1200 * Bar_# / 8/ f'c for fy = 60 ksi fy / 60000 99 ACI 12.5.3.1 concrete side cover

Hooks cannot be applied in compression 99 ACI 12.5.5 lhb is the basic development length of a hook in tension. ldh is development length of a standard hook. This value must be the max of 8 bar diameters, 6", or lhb * (applicable modification factors). Ties along ldh at 3*Bar_# /8 spacing ACI 12.5.4 row 209

2 in 2 1.00 1.00 1.00 16.6 1 unit unit unit in logic

1 - (bar_#<=11) * (cover>=2.5) * (cover_ext>=2)*0.3 1 - (bar_#<=11) * (tie)*0.2 As_required / As_provided MAX(ldh_min, lhb * fy_factor * cover * tie * As %')

0.60 in2 36.1 k 32.5 k-ult 2 1/2"

As_% & Area*Fy 0.9*T

Note: Iterate As_% to make tension hook length equal to or less than length allowed.

row 219

4db for #3 through #8 5db for #9, #10, #11 6db for #14, #18

63.0" -- L = Embed Provided db = 0.88"

63.0" -- L = Embed Provided

db = 0.88" T 3.5" T

3.5" row 229 3.5"

10.5" straight

3.5" 16.6" hook ldh to outside edge Figure 52-10 Tension hook dimensions. For ties, #3, #4, #5 inside bend diameter = 4 db Tie hook extension = 6 db . Tension hook 16.6 required < 63.0" allowed

2.5"

3.5" row 239

row 249

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A B C D E F

LAP SPLICE in TENSION Class A lap splice Factor 1.0 unit Lap 31.3 in 1 logic

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

factor * ld

99 ACI 12.15.1 Use Class B splices, factor of 1.3 ld, for: Lap splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension. Except, Class A splices, factor of 1.0 ld, may be used when: (1) the area of reinforcement provided is at least twice that required by analysis row 259 over the entire length of the splice and, (2) one half or less of the total reinforcement is spliced within the required lap length. Otherwise, use Class B splice.

Class B lap splice Factor 1.3 unit Lap 61.0 in [Lap<=L] 1 logic

factor * ld

. Tension Class A lap splice 31.3 required < 63.00" allowed . Tension Class B lap splice 61.0 required < 63.00" allowed 31.3" tension Class A lap row 269 61.0" tension Class B lap reinforcing stressed to less than 50% As req / As provided 50% 100% Up to 50% splicing A B Greater than 50% splicing B B no more than 50% splicing in one plane

24" minimum for staggered splices

CLASS A SPLICE row 279

Figure 52-11 Class A and B splices.

LAP SPLICE in COMPRESSION [f'c<3] 1 + (f'c<3) * 0.333 1.00 unit 0.0005 * Fy * Bar_# /8 min_c1 26.3 unit fy <= 60 ksi 1 logic min_c2 26.3 unit 0 logic 26.25 in 1 logic (0.0009 * Fy - 24) * Bar_#/8 for Fy > 60 fy <= 60 ksi

99 ACI 12.16.1 Compression splices - ties throughout lap splice length with an effective area of row 289 0.0015*(thickness of member)*(spacing of ties).

Lap_c [Lap<=L]

. Compression lap splice 26.25 required < 63.00" allowed

26.3" compression lap Figure 52-12 Lap splice in compression. row 299

row 309

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For BAR USED IN SHEAR FRICTION Bar Avf fy n l u Vn Vu_shear 6 0.44 36 0.7 1 0.7 unit in^2 ksi unit unit unit bar number 0.750" diameter area of bar in shear

121854005.xls.ms_office M N # 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

n UBC 1911.7.4.3 1.4 monolithic concrete 1.0 concrete placed against roughened-hardened concrete 0.6 against un-roughened hardened concrete 0.7 against as-rolled structural steel lambda 1 0.85 0.75 UBC 1911.7.4.3 normal weight concrete sand light weight concrete all-light weight concrete

n*lambda = u Avf * Fy * n * l 0.85*Vn allowable (11-26) row 319

11.088 k 9.425 k-ult

For net tension across shear plane, add As_tension + As_shear friction Tu_tension T_tension V_shear factor Tu_required Vu_required 14.256 k-ult 0.5 k 3.32 k 1.43 0.715 k-ult 4.748 k-ult 0.9* fy * A_bar allowable required tension required shear 1.43E

UBC 1911.1.1

row 329 shear plane

Tu_req'd / Tu_tension + u_req'd / Vu_shear V 0.715 / 14.256 4.748 / 9.425 0.050 0.504

Unity = 0.554 Unity. Figure 52-13 The shear friction plane. row 339

PHOTOGRAPH

Because this is a pile cap, there are no vertical bars at the face. Vertical bars are usually used to limit unsightly cracks (temperature reinforcing). The appearance of cracks won't affect this buried face. row 349

Hooked reinforcing The straight bar running through the hook provides "confinement." More concrete than just that used by the hook is added by the perpendicular bar. row 359

Figure 52-14 Use hooked reinforcing where embedment of straight bars cannot be achieved in the space provided.

ICE
HELP

INDUSTRY CONSULTING ENGINEERS

4334 S.W. WASHOUGA AVENUE PORTLAND, OREGON 97201

Units are inches and ksi. Factors are designated as unit or unitless. Logic values are unitless and usually 0 or 1 (no or yes). This module is designed to be replicated columnwise for applications where several development values must be determined. Move units and documentation columns to the right -- do not use column insert because that command will destroy the tables.

Bar size numbers are located in the Table_1. Bar sizes are in 1/8" increments (i.e. #5 => 5/8" diameter). Top bar 1 = yes 1.4 multiplier for conc. below > 12" ACI 12.2.3.1. Spacing 1 = un-reduced development length where bars closer than 6". To use spacing factor, edge distance to face of concrete must be >= 3". As_% As_req'd/As_allowed is the ratio of required reinforcing versus the reinforcing provided or, in most cases, the required Mu versus the design allowable Mu ACI 12.2.4.2 / UBC 1912.2.1. Splice_% amount of splicing at one point determines whether the splice will be an A, B, or C splice. Staggered splicing reduces the stress on a lap splice ACI 12.15.1 / UBC 1912.15.1. For splice class and factor values, see Table 2 below.

Side cover is important in the ability of hooked or spliced rebar to split the concrete. In rebar development, 3" cover is required along with 6" spacing to use the 0.8 factor (see ACI 12.2.4.1). 2 1/2" side cover with 2" end cover (cover_ext) is required at hooks to use the 0.7 factor - see ACI 12.5.3.2 / UBC 1912.5.3.2.

Ties provide confinement to lap splices and hooks when they meet the requirements of ACI 12.3.3.2 / UBC1912.3 for development and 12.5.3.3 for hooks in #11 bars and smaller. Spiral ties enclosing compression splice see ACI 12.3.3.2 / UBC 1912.3.3.2. Provided Length is the distance that a bar has available to develop ld or hook length and serves to flag those situations where insufficient room exists to develop the bar to its required allowable stress. Fy_ yield strength of reinforcing, usually 40 or 60 ksi. f'c_ ultimate compressive strength of concrete, usually 3, 4, or 5 ksi. Ldb = max 0.04 Ab fy/f'c^.5, 0.0004 db fy #11 and smaller = 0.085 fy/f'c^.5 #14 = 0.11 fy/f'c^.5 ACI 12.2.2 / UBC 1912.2.1

fy > 60 multiply by 2-60/fy ACI 12.2.3.2 / UBC 1912.2.1 spacing >= 6" multiply by 0.8 ACI 12.2.4.1 excess reinforcing multiply by As_req'd/As_allowed ACI 12.2.4.2 Ld >= 12" minimum reinforcing length ACI 12.2.5. Ld <= La + 1.3 Mn/Vu reinforcing terminates in compression zone ACI 12.11.3 La = available straight embedment length beyond the centerline of the support to the end of the bar

UBC 1909.2.1-1909.2.3 / ACI 9.2 9-1 U = 1.4D + 1.7L 9-2a U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W) 9-2b U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.87E) 9-3a U = 0.9D + 1.3W 9-3b U = 0.9D + 1.43E

Refer to: ACI 318, BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS for REINFORCED CONCRETE by the American Concrete Institute, Box 19150, Redford Station, Detroit, Michigan 48219 and the UNIFORM BUILDING CODE by the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 South Workman Mill Rd, Whittier, CA 90601

Two very good references for concrete code and design are: REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN by Chu-Kia Wang and Charles G. Salmon, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York and ACI 318R COMMENTARY on BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS for REINFORCED CONCRETE by ACI REVISIONS 10/09/90 Creation of this module. 12/20/90 General rearrangement and notes.

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ICE

INDUSTRY CONSULTING ENGINEERS

AL0623BVmj.98

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________ Holmberg 21:42 12/26/12

121854005.xls.ms_office

WELD - ANCHOR PLATE T_bolt #REF! k uplift Lat_bolt #REF! k/bolt f'c Fy fb_allow factor n lambda 3.0 ksi 36.0 ksi 27.0 ksi 1.43 0.70 unit 1.00 unit

required tension required shear concrete strength steel strength allowable bending 1.43E

TANK LEG WELD PLATE

ALLTHREAD ROD w/ ANCHOR PLATE 4 anchor plates required to anchor entire load. Tank base plate may be loaded anywhere on weld plate. Use 4 of 12 anchor plates to resist load. TYPICAL ANCHOR PLATE VIEW EXCAVATE AT ANCHORS TO MAINTAIN 3" FROM STEEL TO CONCRETE CAST AGAINST EARTH

GROUP PUNCHING SHEAR width 4.00 in length 22.00 in d 15.00 in bo Ao vu Vu Tu_sum Tu_ 82 in 1230 in^2 219 psi 269.5 k-ult

=2 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2 embedded depth in concrete =2*((width+length)+d) =bo * d punching shear 4 f'c^0.5 =vu*Ao/1000

row 40

#REF! k-ult factor*(t_tens + V_shear/(n*lambda)) #REF! k-ult per 4 plates OK as group punching

SHEAR CONE ELEVATION

row 50

WELD PLATE BENDING arm_max 2 in T_max #REF! k M #REF! k-ft trib_w trib_w t_PL S_PL fb

=Tu_sum/1.43

8 in =4*arm_max use 24" -- anchors spaced at 9" max row 60 1.35 in 7.29 in^3 #REF! ksi #REF! =24*t_PL^2/6

row 70

WELD PLATE PLAN row 80