Fourier Series A periodic function f ( x) is defined by

2, 0 x < 2, f ( x) = x, 2 x < 4, f ( x) = f ( x + 4),

which it can be written as a Fourier series

f ( x) =

a0 n n x + bn sin + an cos 2 n =1 L L

x .

(a) (b) (c)

Sketch the graph of f (x ) over 4 x 8. Calculate the Fourier coefficient, a0 . For n = 1, 2, 3, K , show that (i) (ii)

(cos 2n cos n ). n 2 4 (cos n cos 2n 1). bn = n an =

2

(d)

By using answer in Q1 (b) and Q1 (c), obtain the Fourier series expansion for f (x ) .

A periodic function f (x ) is defined by 3 + x x < 0, f ( x) = 0 x < , 3 f ( x) = f ( x + 2 ). (a) (b) Sketch the graph of f (x ) over 3 x 3 . Calculate the Fourier coefficient, a 0 .

(c)

Show that (i) (ii)

an = 1 (1 cos n ), and n 2

bn =

cos n , n

for n = 1, 2, 3, K

(d)

Hence, determine a Fourier series expansion for f(x).

Given 3 x < 0, 2 x f ( x) = 0 x < 3, 2 x f ( x) = f ( x + 6). (a) (b) Sketch the graph of f(x) for 10 x 10 . Determine whether f(x) is an odd, even or neither function. Give your reason. Find the Fourier coefficients; a 0 , a n , and bn . Obtain the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function f(x).

(c) (d)

A periodic function f ( x) is defined by 4, x < 0, f ( x) = 0 x < . 4, f ( x) = f ( x + 2 ). which it can be written as a Fourier series
f ( x) = a0 + (a n cos nx + bn sin nx ) 2 n =1

(a)

Sketch the graph of f (x ) over 3 x 3 .

(b)

For n = 1, 2, 3, K , show that (i) a0 = 0. (ii) an = 0. Calculate the Fourier coefficient, bn . Show that the Fourier series expansion for f (x ) is

(c) (d)

f ( x) =

16

sin(2n 1) x . n=1 2n 1

A periodic function f ( x ) is defined by 1 , 1 x < 0, f ( x) = 1 x, 0 x < 1, and f ( x ) = f ( x + 2). (a) (b) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) over 3 x 3 . Show that the Fourier coefficients corresponding to f ( x ) are 1 2 n , n is odd 3 2 2 , n is odd and bn = . a0 = , an = n 2 1 , n is even 0 , n is even n Write the Fourier series of f ( x ) by giving your answers for the first three nonzero terms of an and bn .

(c)

Partial Differential Equations

(a)

A stretched string of length 3 cm is set oscillating. The initial state is given by a function, f ( x ) = x (3 x ) . The string has been released with an initial velocity of 1 cm/sec. By applying the wave equation, u xx = u tt , the subsequent displacement of the string is
n c n c u ( x, t ) = An cos t + Bn sin L L n =1

n t sin x. L

(i) (ii)

List the initial and boundary conditions. Calculate the value of An and Bn .

n 2 L 2 Hint : An = L 0 f ( x) sin L x dx, Bn = n c

(b)

L 0

g ( x) sin

n x dx L

The temperature distribution, u(x, t) in a 4 m long metal rod governed by ut = 16u xx , (0 < x < 4, t > 0) where

u ( x, t ) = e
n =1

n c L

n n An cos L x + Bn sin L

x .

If u (0, t ) = 0 and u (4, t ) = 0 , show that the solution for temperature distribution, u(x, t) at any point in the rod at time t is

u ( x, t ) = e n t Bn sin
2 2

n =1

n x. 4

A rod of length m is fully insulated along its sides and its ends are dipped into ice and held at a temperature of 0 o C. At t = 0, it has an initial temperature x( x) o C . This heat problem is expressed by u 2u =3 2 , t t where u ( x, t ) is the temperature of the rod at a distance x m from one end at time t seconds.

(a)

Complete the formulation of the heat problem by filling in the blanks below. Heat Equation:
(0 < x < , t > 0),

u 2u =3 2 , t t
u (0, t ) = _______, u ( , t ) = ______,

Boundary Conditions:
(t > 0),

Initial Condition: (0 < x < ). (b) (i)

u ( x,0) = _________,

Show that the solution to the heat problem is u ( x, t ) = Dn (sin nx)e 3n t

2

where Dn and n are arbitrary constants. (ii) Also, show that its general solution is
u ( x, t ) = Dn (sin nx )e 3n t .
2

n =1

(c)

After applying the initial condition to u ( x, t ), Dn can be evaluated by using

Dn = 2 l nx 0 x( x) sin l dx, l 4(1 cos n ) . n 3

where l is the length of the rod. Show that

Dn =

(d)

Hence, show that

8 (sin x)e 3(1) t (sin 3 x)e 3( 3) t (sin 5 x)e 3( 5) t u ( x, t ) = + + + K 3 3 3 1 3 5
2 2 2

(a)

The temperature distribution, u(x, t) in a 5 m long metal rod governed by u t = 25u xx , (0 < x < 5, t > 0), u (0, t ) = u (5, t ) = 0 u ( x, 0) = 20 sin x Determine the solution for temperature distribution, u(x, t) at any point in the rod at time t if

u ( x, t ) = e
n =1

n c L

An sin

n x. L

(b)

A stretched string of length 3 cm is set oscillating. The initial state is given by a function, f ( x ) = x (3 x ) . The string has been released with zero initial velocity. By applying the wave equation, u xx = u tt , the subsequent displacement of the string is
n c n c u ( x, t ) = An cos t + Bn sin L L n =1

n t sin x. L

(i) (ii)

List the initial and boundary conditions. Calculate the value of An and Bn .

n 2 L 2 Hint : An = L 0 f ( x) sin L x dx, Bn = n c

L 0

g ( x) sin

n x dx L

A uniform string of length is fastened at both of its ends x = 0 and x = . The string is set oscillating with initial velocity given as g ( x ) = x, 0 x and initial state of the string is defined by f ( x ) = x (2 x ), 0 x . By applying the wave equation, utt = 4u xx , the subsequent displacement of the string is
u ( x, t ) = [ An cos 2nt + Bn sin 2nt ] sin nx .
n =1

(a)

Write down (i) the initial conditions and (ii) the boundary conditions of the given problem.

(b)

Using the fact that 2 1 An = f ( x) sin nx dx and Bn = 0 n find An and Bn .

g ( x) sin nx dx ,

First Order ODE

(a)

Solve these first order differential equations by using the appropriate method. (i) (ii)

2x + 1 . 5 y 4 + 4e 4 y 2 y + y = e x ; y (1) = 0. x y =

(b)

A body at a temperature of 40o F is placed outdoors where the temperature is 100o F . After 6 minutes the temperature of the body is dT = k (T Tm ) , find 70o F . By using Newtons law of cooling formula dt (i) how long it will take the body to reach a temperature 85o F , (ii) the temperature of the body after 30 minutes.

(a)

Given the first order ordinary differential (t 4) y 4 dt t 3 ( y 2 3)dy = 0 . (i) (ii) Show that the differential equation is separable. Hence, solve the equation. Show that the differential equation
x dy + y = e2x dx

(b)

(i)

is exact.

(ii)

Hence, show that its solution is 2 xy e 2 x = A, where A is an arbitrary constant.

(c)

Solve the following initial value problem,

(cos x) dy + (sin x) y = 2 cos 3 x sin( x 1), y = 3 2, 0 x < . dx 2 4

Second Order ODE Given y + 4 y + 3 y = f ( x ). (a) (b) Solve for f ( x ) = 0 . Solve for f ( x) = ( x 3) 2 by using the method of undetermined coefficients. Solve for f ( x) =
x ex

(c)

by using the method of variation of parameters.

Laplace Transform 1 (a)

s+6 Find L-1 2 . s + 8s + 12

(b)

Consider the function

e 3t f (t ) = t 1
(i) (ii)

0 t < 1, t 1.

Write the function f (x ) in the form of unit step functions. Then, find the Laplace transform of f (t ) .