GROUP 5 29 Lee, Stepahnie 30 Lubi, Christelle 31 Maderazo, Princess 32 Mateo, Janine 33 Mina, Cyra 34 Oconer, Jose 35 Ong, William

EXPERIMENT 4 Resultant and Equilibrant Forces

August 10, 2012

ABSTRACT Different forces may act on an object simultaneously and in order to show the vector sum of these forces, it can be added, this is called the resultant force. On the other hand, an object can be brought into equilibrium by having additional force which balances the resultant force, this is called the equilibrant. In general, since vectors may have any direction, three methods are used for adding vectors. These are, the polygon method wherein vectors can be added together by drawing them successively in a head-to-tail fashion and if the polygon is closed, the resultant is called a null vector because it has a zero magnitude and has no direction; parallelogram method wherein the vectors are translated, to a common origin and the resultant is the diagonal of the parallelogram drawn from the common origin; and the analytical method involves the application of the trigonometric ratios sine, cosine, and tangent as well as the Pythagorean theorem. In this experiment, washers with different weights were placed and balanced in a force table using a pulley system in order to observe the resultant and equilibrant forces. Based from the gathered data, computations were made using the component method. GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. Differentiate the resultant and equilibrant of two forces. - The resultant is the vector sum of all the individual vectors. It can be determined by adding the individual forces together using vector addition methods. Equilibrant is a vector that is the exact same size as the resultant would be, but the equilibrant points are exactly in the opposite direction. 2. If three concurrent forces are in equilibrium, what is the relation between any one of the three forces and the resultant of the other two forces? - Whichever among the three concurrent force is the equilibrant force of the other two forces. They have the same magnitude but are in opposite direction and their net force is zero.

3. If two forces with the same magnitude were exactly in opposite directions, what is the magnitude and direction of their resultant? What is the magnitude and direction of their equilibrium? - The magnitude of both resultant and equilibrant are zero and they will have no direction . 4. Use the component method to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the concurrent forces given below: A = 2000 N at 0 C = 1000 N at 150 B = 1500 N at 60 D = 3800 N at 225

Given A = 2000 N at 0 B = 1500 N at 60 C = 1000 N at 150 D = 3800 N at 225

x-component 2000 750 -866.03 -2687.01 -803.04

y-component 0 1299.04 500 -2687.01 -887.97 = tan-1 ( = 47.9 (QIII) = 47.9 + 180 ) 227.9

r = 803.042 + 887.972 = 1197.23 N

Resultant force = (1197.23 N, 227.9) 5. A body weighing 100 N is suspended by a rope. A second rope attached to the body is drawn aside horizontally until the suspended rope makes an angle of 30 with the vertical. Find the tension in each rope. Given T1 (120) T2 (0) Wt = 100 N Fy = 0 T1 + T2 + Wt = 0 0.8660 T1 + 0 + (-100) = 0 T1= T1 = 115.47 N X = r cos 0.5 T1 -T2 0 Y = r sin 0.8660 T1 0 -100 N Fx = 0 T1 + T2 + Wt = 0 0.5T1 + (-T2) + 0 = 0 T2 = 0.5 T1 = 0.5 (115.47 N) T2 = 57.74 N