REVISION LOG SHEET NOTE NO. 1 PAGE 4 DESCRIPTION / REMARKS Deleted: 1.

(Substitution) IPPCN (Industria Petrolera, Petroqumica y Carbonfera Nacional) to RDP in the 2nd paragraph. Substituted: 10045D-000-CS-AD-A251(RDP-IB-000-CS-AD-A251 Overall Drainage System to 10045D-000-PR-DB-004(RDP-IB-000PR-DB-004 Design Basis for Overall Drainage System Section 6.1 Changed: (AOC) to (COC) Added: 6.1.3 (Deletion) Entire Section Added: 7.4.3 (Modification) Section 7.9.5 Changed Paragraph Section 7.10 Changed Paragraph

N/A

4, 5

1 1 N/A 1 1

5 5 6 6 7

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 4 2. MODIFICATION ..................................................................................................................... 4 3. ATTACHMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8

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1.

SCOPE PDVSA Specification HE-251-PRT Rev. 2, dated Sep. 1995, Drainage Systems, is adopted for the Refinery and Petrochemical Complex of the Ecuadorian Pacific Project owned by Refinera del Pacfico (hereinafter RDP) and used with the revisions noted in this addendum.

2.

MODIFICATION Paragraphs shall be revised as shown below to indicate the type of change: (Addition) New paragraph or supplemental requirements/clarifications to an existing paragraph. Paragraph deleted. A decision has been made as required. Paragraph superseded in its entirety Shall indicate specific revisions as noted in this specification

(Deletion) (Decision) (Substitution) (Modification)

(Substitution) PDVSA shall be changed to RDP throughout the specification. (Substitution) IPPCN shall be changed to RDP throughout the specification. The following requirements are defined as new, addition, deletion, and revisions to Specification PDVSA HE-251-PRT Rev. 2, dated Sept. 1995.

3.

(Deletion) IR-S-00 IR-G-01 IR-P-01 0602.1.472 AG-211-PRT AG-212-PT (Addition)

Delete as follow Definitions Design Criteria for Offshore Facilities Emergency Stop, Block, Depressurization and Plant & Equipment Systems Dike for Storage Tanks Dike for Storage Tanks Concrete Curbed Walls for Storage Tanks Add as follow

10045D-000-PR-DB-004 (RDP-IB-000-PR-DB-004)
REFINERIA DEL PACIFICO SK ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION RDP-IB-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT 10045D-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT Rev. Date 0 17-Aug2011 Pag e 4 of 8

Design Basis for Overall Drainage System CPE INEN 005-Parte 9-2:97. Ecuadorian Building Code. Plumbing Design. Code of practice for the design of running water supply systems, excreta and liquid residues disposal in rural areas 4. 6.1. (Deletion) (Substitution) Entire section 4. Definitions Substitution as follow Drain systems for water not contaminated by hydrocarbons to Drain systems for Non-contaminated water by hydrocarbons (NCW) Drain systems for waters contaminated by hydrocarbons to Drain systems for accidently oil contaminated water (AOC) (Addition) Add as follow Continuously Oil Contaminated Wastewater (COC) Sanitary Sewage Wastewater (SSW) 6.1.1. (Substitution) Drain systems for waters not contaminated by hydrocarbons to Drain systems for Non-Contaminated water by hydrocarbons (NCW) Drain systems for waters contaminated by hydrocarbons to Drain systems for accidentally oil contaminated wastewater (AOC) PDVSA QA-201-POT Hydrostatic Test for Pipes to 10045D-000-PI-AD-PI020801 (RDP-IB-000-PI-AD-PI020801) Addendum to Inspection Procedure PDVSA PI-02-08-01 Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Test for Piping Systems 6.1.3. (Deletion) Entire section 6.1.3. Drain systems for waters contaminated by chemical products Substitution as follow Sewage Water Systems to Sanitary Sewage Wastewater (SSW) These systems carry waste coming from toilets, bathroom sinkholes, urinals, showers, sewers, launderers, dressing rooms, floor sinks in kitchens, sanitary and dining rooms. to This system collects domestic wastewater from toilets, urinals, washrooms, canteens and other domestic sources from
REFINERIA DEL PACIFICO SK ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION RDP-IB-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT 10045D-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT Rev. Date 0 17-Aug2011 Pag e 5 of 8

6.1.2.

(Substitution)

6.1.4.

(Substitution)

buildings, warehouses and shelters on site. The Sanitary Sewage Wastewater shall be collected in sumps and transferred to the biological treater in the Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). 7.1.1. (Deletion) the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias (National Institute of Sanotary Works), Gaceta Oficial Nro. 752 Extraordinaria of 26-02-62, For process units, catch basin must exist every 233 m2 to 2 For process units, catch basin must exist every 280 m Paved areas by asphalt or concrete 1.00 to Paved areas by asphalt or concrete 0.90 Minimum and maximum flow velocities must comply with this Guide as well as the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias; the most restrictive norms will be used. d. The floor of an open channel must have a minimum slope of 1% towards the catch basin to d. The slope of open channel shall be calculated based on 10045D-000-CS-DB-001 (RDPIB-000-CS-DB-001) Section 8.2.3 item 5. e. Sewers must be sized in compliance with the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias. to e. Sewers must be sized in compliance with CPE INEN 005-Parte 9-2:97. Ecuadorian Building Code. Plumbing Design. Code of practice for the design of running water supply systems, excreta and liquid residues disposal in rural areas e. Ventilation pipes will be placed in compliance with the norms of PDVSA IR-P-01 Emergency Stop, Block, Depressurization Systems and Plan & Equipment Ventilation. to e. The venting system design must meet the following requirements: Discharges to atmosphere must be located at least 30 meters from continuos ignition. Nevertheless, they must be located at a safe place based on a dispertion and radiation analysis result. Vent pipes must be installed on all atmospheric vessel relief valves, to discharge at least 3 meters above any working platform and a separation distance of at least 30 meters from other working platforms. Gases and vapors discharged from vent pipes must not present injury risk to personnel or risk of equipment
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7.4.3

(Modification)

7.8.1.

(Substitution)

7.8.2.

(Deletion)

7.9.5.

(Substitution)

7.9.6.

(Substitution)

7.9.8

(Substitution)

damage. In locations where vapor and gas atmospheric discharge pipes can be affected by electrical discharges (static and lightning), the vent pipe must have a coupled connection to discharge steam or any other inert gas in the vertical piping of the venting system so a fire in the discharge can be suffocated. Hydrocarbons lighter than 68 API that is with relative density of 0,709 at 15C (59 F) and 1,03 kg/cm2 (14,7 psi) must be vented to a safe location, or to a flare or vent stack. Flammable liquids and/or combustible liquids with operating temperatures below their flash point, can discharge to closed drain systems with valves. Discharges of vapor or condensate must be through steam traps. Neither discharge must go to pathways or areas visited by personnel or close to equipment working at temperatures above 315 C (600 F). Relief device discharge piping must be supported and anchored to withstand the resulting reaction forces. All vertical vent piping must have a drain or weep hole at its base to eliminate water that could accumulate within the piping. All relief valves venting liquid or twophase fluid must discharge through a separator, except relief valves installed to release liquid thermal expansion.Vent headers designed to receive liquids or condensibles must beselfdraining to avoid liquid accumulation in the piping. Residual light ends in vessels with volumes less than or equal to 0,1 m3 (26 gallons) can be vented to atmosphere when equipment is out of service or for major maintenance. 7.10. (Substitution) Design of dikes or containment walls around storage tanks will have to comply with the requirements indicated in Guide PDVSA 0602.1.472 Earth dikes for storage Tanks and PDVSA AG-212-PT Concrete Walls for Storage Tanks to Design of dikes or containment walls around storage tanks will have to comply with the requirements indicated in 10045D000-CS-DB-001 (RDP-IB-000-CS-DB-001) Section 8.1.2 Drain systems of offshore platforms must be designed
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8.1.1.

(Deletion)

REFINERIA DEL PACIFICO SK ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

according to what is established in document PDVSA-IR-G-01 Design Criteria for Offshore Installations. 8.5.2. (Deletion) The drain system must be designed in compliance to what is established by the Gaceta Oficial de la Republica de Venezuela No. 752 Guias Sanitarias para Proyectos, Construccion, Reparacion y Reforma de Edificios (Sanitary Guide for Projects, Construction, Reparation and Reform of Buildings). Entire section 9.1.

9.1.

(Deletion)

3.

ATTACHMENT PDVSA HE-251-PRT Drainage Systems

REFINERIA DEL PACIFICO SK ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

RDP-IB-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT 10045D-000-CS-AD-HE-251PRT

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ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL VOLUME 18-I ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

PDVSA No.

TITLE

HE-251-PRT

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

2 1 0 REV

SEP.95 MAY 93 DIC. 85 DATE

GENERAL REVISION GENERAL REVISION APPROVED DESCRIPTION DATE May 93

31 29 29 PAG

L.T.

E.J.

A.N. J.R. J.R. APPROV DATE May 93

REV

APPROV

APPROV.

Luis Hernandez

APPROV. Carlos Corrie

PDVSA, 1983

SPECIALISTS

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INDEX

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

SCOPE ....................................................................................... 2 APPLICATIONS.......................................................................... 2 REFERENCES ............................................................................ 2 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................. 3 BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT ........................................................ 3 GENERAL ASPECTS ................................................................. 3 6.1. Types of Drainage Systems ............................................ 3 6.2. Basic Components of Drainage Systems ...................... 6 6.3. Design Considerations .................................................... 8 6.4. Water Control and Containment Methods ..................... 9 7. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 11 7.1. Sanitary Drainage............................................................. 11 7.2. Storm Drainage ................................................................ 11 7.3. Main Industrial Drainage Outside Process Areas ......... 12 7.4. Drainage Area Delimitation ............................................. 12 7.5. Pump Drainage ................................................................. 12 7.6. Heater Drainage................................................................ 12 7.7. Equipment Drainage ........................................................ 12 7.8. Calculation Procedure ..................................................... 13 7.9. Basic Components of the Drain System ........................ 14 7.10. Dikes or Containment Walls ......................................... 21 7.11. Determination of Design Flows .................................... 24 8. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ........................................................ 25 8.1. Production Areas ........................................................... 25 8.2. Furnace and Boilers ...................................................... 26 8.3. Truck Loading shelters ................................................. 26 8.4. Docks .............................................................................. 24 8.5. Buildings ........................................................................ 27 9. INSTALLATION .......................................................................... 31

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1. SCOPE This guide defines the minimum design requirements of drain systems in facilities of the IPPCN (Industria Petrolera, Petroqumica y Carbonfera Nacional) in order to avoid propagation of fires originated as a consequence of inflammable or combustible liquid spills. Requirements established by laws, regulations, decrees or official norms in force will prevail over what is referred to in this Guide, except when the latter is more demanding. By and large, this Guide is based on the application of the latest techniques and practices of fire prevention established by organizations nationally and internationally recognized as well as IPPCNs own experience. This Guide must be applied in new IPPCNs new installations and for expansions or modifications to be done on existing facilities. This guide will have retroactive application to existing installations, whose current risk level (determined based on criteria indicated in Section 5) for risk tolerance established in document IR-S-02 Criteria for Quantitative Risk Analysis. 2. APPLICATION This Guide applies to IPPCN installations processing, storing or handling inflammable or combustible liquids. In general, requirements of this Guide are not applicable to offshore and lake facilities unless specified. 3. REFERENCES PDVSA Petrleos de Venezuela, S.A. Definitions Criteria for Quantitative Risk Analysis Location of Equipment and Facilities in Relation to Third Parties Firewater Systems Design Criteria for Offshore Facilities Emergency Stop, Block, Depressurization and Plant & Equipment Systems 0602.1.472 Dike for Storage Tanks AG-211-PRT Dike for Storage Tanks AG-212-PT Concrete Curbed Walls for Storage Tanks IR-S-00 IR-S-02 IR-M-02 IR-M-03 IR-G-01 IR-P-01 NFPA National Fire Protection Association NFPA 15 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

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API American Petroleum Institute API RP 2001 Fire Protection in Refineries 4. DEFINITIONS See document IR-S-00 Definitions 5. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT This Guide establishes the minimum design requirements for drain systems in order to achieve a quick discharge of liquid spills which might occur in facilities. This Guide assumes that the facilities to be protected have been projected and erected complying with basic engineering principles and the best experienced practices accumulated to this date at IPPCN. On those particular cases where installations to be protected are detected to incur in deviations related to the application of engineering best practices, minimum requirements will be scaled up in relation to the ones established by this Guide. This same premise must be applied for existing facilities in which a risk analysis justifies the need to increase coverage level of such installations, mainly when it involves damage to people or third parties properties. Risk Analysis will be performed in accordance to the establishments in document IR-S-02 Criteria for Quantitative Risk Analysis 6. GENERAL ASPECTS 6.1. Types of Drain Systems Treatment process of effluent liquids of a facility requires their segregation from the source. For that purpose, liquid streams will have to be separated by different drain systems in accordance to the following classification: Drain systems for waters not contaminated by hydrocarbons Drain systems for waters contaminated by hydrocarbons Drain systems for waters contaminated with chemical products Sewage water systems

A brief description of these systems is presented below:

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6.1.1. Drain systems for waters not contaminated by hydrocarbons Rain water belongs into this classification as well as rainwater applied to areas such as: Uncultivated, undeveloped areas Perimeter roads Vehicle parking Building roofs Areas outside containment walls in tank farms Areas where the presence of hydrocarbon spills cannot be predicted Drainage of waters not contaminated by hydrocarbons will be discharged by means of open channels into catch basins. 6.1.2. Drain systems for waters contaminated by hydrocarbons Rain water and firewater from areas normally contaminated by hydrocarbons will go into this system as well as spills originated in areas where these types of products are handled. Some of them are: Service stations Process areas Truck loading shelters Docks Spaces inside containment walls and storage tanks Other areas where hydrocarbons are handled Discharge of this drainage will be performed through underground pipes in a network designed to flow by gravity. This network consists of a main drain pipe joining into catch basins located in the areas being serviced through lateral and sub-lateral piping. The main pipe of a specific area must not pass through other areas and must connect to a separator. In this case, the separator will discharge into the main system. In each area serviced by this system, enough catch basins must exist in order to discharge fire and rain water, avoiding fire propagation and floods. Effluent discharges with temperatures above 45C must be avoided in order to prevent inflammable vapor emissions. This system cannot be interconnected with the wastewater drain system. A wastewater drain system will be designed in relation to equipments location, minding the winds predominant direction for the location of the

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separator. Usually, the main pipe and its interconnection manholes are installed in the perimeter of the area to be drained. The minimum ground layer which should exist on top of any main, lateral or sub-lateral pipe will be 0.6 meters. Impermeability of drain systems is essential to avoid leaks that could cause release of hydrocarbons or other contaminants which would eventually reach the water table level after seeping into the ground. Moreover, pipe joints and manholes which allow filtration represent a load increase in effluent treatment installations since they allow for the seeping of underground water, especially on the downstream side of long straight sections of pipes placed at low inclinations. Before being covered, all underground drain pipes must be hydrostatically tested at a pressure equal to one and a half (1.5) times maximum operating pressure. The way in which this test is performed as well as its duration and acceptable tolerances will be based on the accepted engineering practices as per document PDVSA-QA-201-POT Hydrostatic Test for Pipes. 6.1.3. Drain systems for waters contaminated by chemical products Storm water and fire water are considered contaminated with chemical products, as well as water spill or runoff from areas where products such as acids, caustics and others not allowed discharging to the sanitary sewer or any other sewer in the plant. High concentrations of acid or alkaline materials, COD or BOD. Chemical laboratory waste Sulfurous waste waters from separators 6.1.4. Sewage water systems These systems carry waste coming from toilets, bathroom catch basins, urinals, showers, drain, launderers, dressing rooms, floor sinks in kitchens, sanitary and dining rooms.

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6.2. Basic Components of Drain Systems They are: Catch Basins Sub-lateral drain pipes Lateral drain pipes Main drain pipes Open channels Manholes Hydraulic seals Ventilation pipes Oil traps Separators Figure 1 shows an example of the typical arrangement of a process areas drainage system. 6.2.1. Catch Basins They collect liquids which could exist above the terrains surface and from process equipments effluents. They can also trap sediments avoiding clogging of the drainage system. 6.2.2. Sub-lateral Drain Piping Pipes connected to catch basins; they discharge into lateral drain pipes. 6.2.3. Lateral Drain Piping Piping collecting effluents coming from two or more sub-lateral drain pipe systems. Discharges to the main drain piping. 6.2.4. Main Drain Piping Collects runoff from the lateral drains and discharge them to a separator or effluent-treatment plant. 6.2.5. Open Channel A continuous open duct discharging into a catch basin or directly into a separator or an effluent-treatment plant. 6.2.6. Manhole A concrete structure used as a joint point between underground pipes and as a sediment trap. Also serves to provide access for inspection work and maintenance to pipes discharging into it.

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FIG 1. PROCESS AREA TYPICAL DRAIN SYSTEM

TYPICAL CATCH BASIN ARRANAGEMENT

= Catch Basin

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6.2.7. Hydraulic Seal A device designed to isolate the different parts of a hydrocarboncontaminated water drain system with the objective of avoiding inflammable vapor motion and the eventual propagation of a fire and/or explosion 6.2.8. Ventilation Pipes It is a device over the top of manhole cover to maintain atmospheric pressure inside and prevent it from lifting due to increase of the pipe pressure. 6.2.9. Oil trap A device designed to contain floating oil only. At first, it is not designed for the segregation of emulsion oil. 6.2.10. Separator A device designed to eliminate small oil particles found in suspension. This separation is generally done by gravity, limiting flow speed and overflow rate. 6.3. Design Considerations In the design of a full drain system for a facility, the following factors, among others, must be considered: Equipment placement Terrain topography Predominant direction of the wind Drainage requirements during facilitys construction Requirements to ease effluent segregation Future expansion of installations and/or changes in process technology or effluent treatment requirements Facilitys operability and safety Environmental control regulations Over load effects during emergency situations Sufficient conduction capacity to handle firewater draining in accordance to section 6.2 from document PDVSA IR-M-03 Firewater Systems plus maximum effluent stream. Facilities built over low areas usually require filling in order for rain water, firewater and hydrocarbon spills to flow to a safe place. In these cases, pumping the effluents to the separator is necessary, which represents

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additional costs. Frequently, natural floor slope can be effectively used in the design of drain systems as a mechanism for fire prevention.

6.4. Water Control and Containment Methods Five (5) methods or basic systems exist for the water control and/or containment of spills, rain water and firewater, as described below. 6.4.1. Floor Slope Main method to runoff of effluents to safe places minimizing the risk to equipment and structures; floor slope must be such that it guarantees quick outflow of spills. 6.4.2. Curbs Curbs can be installed where necessary to contain or direct the flow of spilled liquids. They must, within possibility, have a concave shape in order to return sudden liquid spills back to the surrounded area. Maximum height will depend on design conditions. Figure 2 shows typical details of their configuration. 6.4.3. Dikes or Containment Walls Dikes or containment walls are used in storage tank areas to contain spills that could originate in the tanks or related equipment. The area enclosed by containment walls can drain to pipes going through the wall and discharge to open channels or through a closed drainage system. On both cases an ascending stem valve (OS & Y) must be installed at the downstream end of the drain pipe, outside the wall, in order to control the exiting of effluents.

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FIG 2. CURB CONFIGURATION

On those cases in which space limitations exist or where there is an advantage to be taken from terrain topography, a remote dam system can be used to contain and conduct hydrocarbon spills. 6.4.4. Open Channels This effluent disposal method is basically used to remove and conduct rain and fire water in a quick and effective way. These channels shall not be used neither as part of a hydrocarboncontaminated waste water system except on the cases mentioned in section 6.2.5, nor where its use allows for a fire to affect other equipment as in the case presented by battery limits inside process areas. Therefore, location in relation to facility equipment and piping must be carefully studied. Pipelines carrying hydrocarbons must not be laid down over adjacent sleepers and / or open drain channel with fire water or service water lines. In case no other option exists and pipelines must cross these channels, they shall not have joints, threaded or flanged accessories. Crossing will only be allowed for pipes with welded joints. These pipes must be protected against possible action by flames by means of a concrete slab or bridge, or fireproof coating. In cases where its necessary for the equipment drain system to discharge into an open channel, the discharge will have to be through the grating. 6.4.5. Underground Pipe Network Sub-lateral, lateral and main pipe networks form one of the top methods for effluent direction. Underground pipes are amply described in sections 7.9.2, 7.9.3 and 7.9.4 in this Guide.

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7. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Process areas must be designed and operated preventing combustible and inflammable liquid discharges into public waters, municipal drainage and/or third parties properties. A process plants floor must have a slope such that it guarantees quick outflow of spills into catch basins. Drainage from ovens, pump groups, exchanger banks, towers and the sort must flow to catch basins in order to prevent fire propagation to an adjacent area. The highest floor level must go below the longitudinal axis of the process pipelines in order to avoid leaks and inflammable or combustible liquid spills to collect below them. The public areas surrounding a plant or process unit, will have to be elevated above the highest point of the tallest plant floor, at a height such that it forbids flooding from either rain or product waters. Oil interceptors, traps and catch basins cannot be placed at a distance less than 9 meters from access paths, control rooms, hydrogen compressors and hydrotreaters. Units in the process area must be subdivided in individual drain areas. Each one of these areas will have a maximum surface of 280m2 in paved zones. In the case of non-paved zones, each individual drain area will have to occupy a maximum surface of 465m2. Figure 6 shows the typical arrangement within an individual drain area. 7.1. Sanitary Drainage 7.1.1. The design and installation of sanitary drains must comply with the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias (National Institute of Sanitary Works), Gaceta Oficial Nro. 752 Extraordinaria of 26-02-62, and the Engineering Specification of PDVSA PA-204-PT Sewage Disposal Systems 7.1.2. Sizing of sanitary drains will be determined by drain loads in compliance to the applicable code. 7.2. Storm Drainage Storm drainage will be sized for cases of rain or fire, whichever is the largest.

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7.3. Main Industrial Drainage Outside Process Areas Main industrial drains outside of process units receiving the combined flow of tank farms, process units, street drainage, etc. must be sized to satisfy the most demanding requirements from the ones mentioned below. 7.3.1. Waste water of the whole process plus estimated rainfall (both must be cumulative along the system) 7.3.2. Waste water of the whole process plus a simple tolerance value for firewater. Such tolerance will be the largest quantity of fire water which can be supplied in a single step and which can be discharged in the main drainage from any service or process unit, but can never be less than 7,566lt/min (454m3/h). 7.3.3. Loads in sub-paragraphs 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 must not include loads from chemical drainage until after some means of neutralization. Also, they will not be included in case separate waste treatment is required. 7.4. Drainage Area Delimitation 7.4.1. Arrangements of drain areas must be the most convenient to prevent fire propagation from an area into another. Whenever practical, pavement or surface must have a slope for water to run far from process equipment, containers, heaters, piping supports and sleepers. 7.4.2. Drainage of areas must flow to catch basins or fireproof sealed manholes. 7.4.3. For process units, catch basins must exist every 233 m2 of an area. Slope of pavement must be 150mm at its maximum and end in a catch basin. 7.5. Pump Drainage Each pump must be installed with an open drain. Connect not more than four pump drains at a manhole with a cleanout circulation trap used as a seal against fire. 7.6. Heater Drainage Arrangement of drain areas around heaters must be done in such a way that dry catch basins are installed adjacent to the heater but not under it. Lines starting at dry sumps must be sealed at the catch basin, sewer or circulation trap at no less than 10 meters away from the heater. 7.7. Equipment Drainage Drains coming from equipment must discharge at an open drain joint.

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7.8. Calculation Procedure 7.8.1. General Basic parameters for the design of an underground or open drain system are: the location of equipment inside facilities and flow rate. Setting of the drain system will derive from the terrains topography and full arrangement of the facilities, and will develop considering the individual placement of equipment on the different areas. Flow rate through channels and pipes will have to be established for the most unfavorable conditions. Process water flow rate will be strictly determined based on process considerations. Firewater flow will be determined according to the requirements established in Guide PDVSA IR-M-03 Firewater Systems. Rain water flow rate is a function of its maximum intensity, the individual drainage areas and the characteristics of their surfaces. This flow rate will be obtained in the following way: Design rain flow rate will be based on paragraph 1.4 of Specification PDVSA-SD-251 Site Data Peak precipitation must be converted to velocity or peak discharge using the equation: Q = 0.0166 (Cia) Where: Q = C = Flow Quantity, L/min. Runoff coefficient measured as follows: Paved areas by asphalt or concrete 1.00 Joined Paths 0.70 Clay or other non-paved surfaces 0.50 Loose rocks and lawns 0.40 Rainfall Intensity in mm/h, for the selected frequency and duration. Equal to: Concentration Time A minimum of 10 minutes must be used Drain area, in square meters, tributary to the point being designed.

i = Tc = Tc = a =

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7.8.2. Determination of Flow Rate and Velocity Drain systems are considered to operate at atmospheric pressures. pipes are designed to be free flowing by gravity and sized so that velocities lie within admissible range by the materials in use. Design will specify for a full cross-section, equivalent to seventy percent (70%) of the pipess diameter, flow rate will be the maximum estimate, including future requirements for additional capacity. Drainage pipes whose flow depends on gravity do not run full at normal conditions. Therefore, their hydraulic design is made considering partially full pipes, with minimum and maximum flow rates within the expected range. Flow velocities between 1 and 1.3m/s are recommended. Minimum velocity will be 0.61m/s while maximum will be 2.1m/s. Minimum and maximum flow velocities must comply with this Guide as well as the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias; the most restrictive norms will be used. 7.9. Basic Components of the Drainage System 7.9.1. Catch Basins Design of a catch basin will comply with the following requisites: a. Internal minimum dimensions will be 0.60m x 0.60m on each side. Bottom of the catch basin will need to be at 0.30m as a minimum, under the discharge pipe. These dimensions must allow for efficient flow of the design flow rates established in section 7.11 b. Individual or multiple drainage pipes discharging into a catch basin will do so by submerging the outlet by a minimum of 0.15 meters under its water level c. The catch basin must be fitted with a seal at discharge d. Catch basin covers will be a honeycomb shape in all non-paved areas or where sediment or considerable debris can exist. Straight slot and grill type covers will be used for streets and avenues. e. Drainage joints discharging into catch basin must be sealed joints. Requirements for their placement will be the following: a. Cannot be placed under equipment, stairs or under pipelines. b. No catch basin can be directly connected to another catch basin. c. Each catch basin will have to be placed in the lowest point of its individual drain area.

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d. In process areas the maximum distance of a liquid in open air will need to be the minimum possible and in no case longer than 15 meters. e. Catch Basins must be installed inside each individual units area for the efficient drainage of storm, process and fire waters. 7.9.2. Sub-lateral Drain Piping Sub-lateral drain pipes must comply with the following requirements: a. Sub-laterals must be sized based on 1900L/min starting from each catch basin. Internal nominal diameter cannot be smaller than 150mm, except for sanitary lines outside specification, which will need to be 200mm. as a minimum. b. Construction material can be carbon steel, cast iron or concrete. For its selection different factors will be considered such as: static and dynamic loads, corrosion in soils and physicochemical characteristics of the effluents. c. Its intersection with other drain systems will be done through Y joints or manholes. Pipes will be preferably installed in a straight line. When changes are made to the direction of the pipe layout, use elbows with a maximum angle of 45 or manholes. 7.9.3. Lateral Drain Piping Design for lateral drain pipes must be done in compliance with requirements indicated in section 7.9.2 7.9.4. Main Drain Piping Main drain pipes must comply with the design requirements mentioned in section 7.9.2 a & b. 7.9.5. Open Channels Open channels can be used to drain waters not contaminated by hydrocarbons (firewater, rainwater) and waters contaminated by hydrocarbons when the presence of inflammable vapors and, by consequence, a risk of fire are very improbable. Such conditions occur in areas handling Class III-A and III-B hydrocarbons and wherever spill temperature is less than 60C. Open channels can also be used on those areas, especially production areas, where the volume of liquids to drain are large enough where use of pipe may not be possible.

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In the same way, these channels can be used when the products to be drained are so viscous they can cause obstructions in the pipes (paraffin plants). Discharge of water vapor or condensate will not be allowed into open channel systems for hydrocarbon-contaminated waters. Channels will be covered only where required by personnel protection. Sealed firewalls will be placed on open channels in order to prevent fire propagation among areas. Firewalls must be designed in such a way that their maintenance and debris/sediment cleanout can be easily performed. Open channels will need to comply with the following requirements a. Open channels must be built from reinforced concrete. b. Dimensions of the channels will be determined in accordance to the corresponding hydraulic calculations. Whenever possible, depth will be more than width. c. Open channels must be monolithically poured together with the catch basin in which it discharges. In the case of fill joints at the base of a tank with an open channel, they will need to be impermeable. d. The floor of an open channel must have a minimum slope of 1% towards the catch basin. 7.9.6. Manhole Design must comply with the following aspects: a. Sizing must allow for the entrance of personnel for maintenance work. b. They will be built from reinforced concrete c. Their top slab will be designed in such a way that allows for its removal in order to permit maintenance works. The slab must be placed at ground level in paved areas and at a minimum height of 5cm. in non-paved areas. d. Discharge point into the manhole must be placed at a lower level than the lowest pipe conducting effluents into it. e. Sewers must be sized in compliance with the norms of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias

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Manholes will be placed according to the following criteria: a. At the blind end of a main drain pipe. b. At intervals no longer than 90m. for main drain pipes with a diameter less than 600mm, or at intervals no longer than 150m. for main drain pipes with a diameter equal or larger than 600mm. c. At the joint of the main pipe of an area with other main pipes from different areas. d. On main pipes where changes of direction angles larger than 45 exist e. On integrated plants, drainage systems of each process will necessarily be joined on to the main drain pipe through hydraulicallysealed manholes. f. In order to drain large process units, which will be subdivided in individual areas of surfaces no larger than 5000m2, separating the systems through manholes fitted with a seal. g. Where alignment in elevation undergoes changes larger than 10. In Figures 3 and 4, details for manholes fitted with hydraulic seals are shown. 7.9.7. Hydraulic seal The preferred method to seal drain lines is to seal the inlet of the catch basin or manhole placed downstream. This method allows for the travel of accumulated oil inside the drain system. The seal must be installed by submerging it no less than 150mm under liquid level.

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FIG 3. MANHOLE FITTED WITH HYDRAULIC SEAL DETAILS

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FIG 4. MANHOLES FITTED WITH HYDRAULIC SEALS DETAILS

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a. b.

Hydraulic seal will have to be kept at maximum and minimum flow conditions Height of seal will be minimum 15cm.

Requirements for the location of hydraulic seals are the following: a. Where main or lateral pipes from storage tank areas, individual process units, integrated plants or equipment located just outside process areas, join into the main installation drain pipe. At each catch basins discharge point Between process units In the last manhole joined to a main drain pipe before entering a separator.

b. c. d.

7.9.8. Ventilation pipes

All sealed sections of a sewer system will have to be ventilated to prevent seal blasts due to inflammable gas pressure increase. The ventilation hole must have a minimum 10 cm diameter and placed on the manhole cover. Manhole ventilation holes will have to comply with the following requirements a. They will be installed at both sides of the seal if the manhole is equipped with a deflector-type seal. b. When seals are set up by submerging pipe inlet joints, ventilation holes with seals will need to be installed at the manhole and also at the next manhole upstream the drain pipe. c. On the highest manhole or the highest point of each individual drain pipe section endowed with a seal, a ventilation shaft will have to be placed. d. Ventilation holes cannot be placed under pipe ways or other equipment e. Ventilation pipes will be placed in compliance with the norms of PDVSA IR-P-01 Emergency Stop, Block, Depressurization Systems and Plant & Equipment Ventilation

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7.9.9. Cleanout a. Cleanouts must be supplied where the sewer diverts 90. They are also required for when the sewer diverts 45 and is preceded by a straight line section 15.2m or more in length. b. Cleanouts will be installed to ease cleaning in the direction of flow. c. Drain line can be considered cleaners if the extension of the head is less than 15.2m. The total sum of redirections does not exceed 135. This includes the 90 vertical to horizontal shift. d. In the absence of a manhole or catch basin, a cleanout must be supplied for each 30 meters of straight line sections for piping 12 and less. e. Cleanout must be the same size than the size of the pipeline for sanitary sewers and 6 minimum for all other sewers. 7.9.10. Vents a. In process areas where inflammable vapors could be present close to fire sources (such as boilers), manholes and barometric condenser sump with sealed covers must be supplied, and must be vented to a safe place. Minimum size for the ventilation shaft will be 4in. (100mm.) and must end: a. At least 2.4 meters above any adjacent service platform b. A minimum of 3.0 meters above level when found in a safe and open area and will be protected against accidental damages caused by mobile equipment. c. Vents shall not be placed within 30 horizontal meters from another boiler or ignition source. When elevated (15m.) above level, they can be placed within 15 horizontal meters from boilers or other ignition sources. b. Ventilation lines will be oriented towards personnel risk prevention. c. Vents cannot end below pipes or any other equipment. This can require underground extension to a safe location after securing the vent to pipe supports or some other structure. 7.10. Dikes or Containment Walls Design of dikes or containment walls around storage tanks will have to comply with the requirements indicated in Guide PDVSA 0602.1.472 Earth dikes for storage Tanks and PDVSA AG-212-PT Concrete Walls for Storage Tanks. Pipes going through containment walls must be designed to prevent excessive efforts caused by fire or soil settlement.

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In Figure 5, details or a storage tank area with containment walls are provided.

7.10.1. Remote Dam System A remote dam system will be used when construction of containment walls is not possible. For the case of liquid storage which boiling point is above 25C, the following requirements will be applied: a. A remote dam system can be designed to serve a maximum of ten (10) tanks. b. The volume of any remote dam system cannot be less than 110% the largest tank capacity draining into it. c. A slope which guarantees quick flow of effluents to the containment wall. d. Minimum distance between remote dam and the closest tanks wall will be calculated in function to the radiation produced by fire in the dam assuming it is full up to nominal capacity. Distance of the dam in relation to the limits of third parties properties will need to be established in compliance to what is defined in document PDVSA IR-M-02 Location of Equipment and Facilities in Relation to Third Parties e. Drainage line routes will need to be located in such a way that if spilled liquid is ignited, tanks or adjacent property will not be exposed to the fire

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FIG 5. TANK AREA WITH CONTAINMENT WALLS DETAILS

SUMP FOR DRAIN

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7.11.

Determination of Design Flows

7.11.1. Process and Service Areas Flow rates to be used for drain systems will be the highest value determined by the following combinations: a. Rain water plus process water b. Firewater plus process water Firewater will be included in the following way: a. Flow rate of firewater to drain will be sixty percent (60%) the value calculated according to section 6.2 in guide PDVSA IR-M-03 Firewater Systems b. For each sub-lateral pipe: flow from each catch basins c. For each lateral pipe: flow accumulated from catch basins draining through it d. Through main drain pipe, flow accumulated from lateral pipes draining through it 7.11.2. Main Drain Duct External to Process Areas Ducts receiving the combined flow of tank and storage areas, process units, public road drainage and others, will need to be sized for the total quantity of water from process areas plus estimated rain water, or the total quantity of water from process areas plus flow rate of firewater required for the highest risk in the facilities, using the largest value. Estimated rain water quantity is cumulative in the facilities. The flow rate to use for design will not include waters contaminated with chemical products which have not been neutralized or which require different treatment. 7.11.3. Loading shelters and Pump Stations Located outside Process Areas Sub-lateral and lateral piping serving these areas should be designed to drain estimated water flow, or firewater flow, using the highest value. Firewater will be 60% of the value calculated according to point 6.2 in Guide PDVSA IR-M-03 Firewater Systems and will be included in the following way: a. For each sub-lateral pipe: flow coming from each catch basin b. For each lateral pipe: flow accumulated from the catch basin draining into it.

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7.11.4. Atmospheric Storage Tank Area The Drain system for tank within dike area will have to be designed based on rainwater quantity gathered in 24 hours, which will need to be drained within 6 hours at most. For anchorless tanks the system must be designed so that, with a fully open drain valve, the maximum water level contained by the dikes does not cause tank floatability. In the case of cooled tanks, the internal containment area must be designed with a slope such that the spilled liquids are directed towards an internal sump placed in a safe location. 7.11.5. Pressurized Tank Area In pressurized storage tanks, the volumetric capacity of the area surrounded by curbs does not need to be equal to the tanks volume, due to the high volatility of storage products. Curbs built around pressurized tanks must have a height such that it allows for the dispersion of gas and vapor from possible spills. Spherical storage tanks cannot be installed in low places where hydrocarbon spills might accumulate under them. Ground under and around spheres is required to be paved, impermeable and with a minimum slope of two and a half percent (2.5%) leading to a sump or safe place. Gathering capacity of the sump or safe place must be determined in function to the quantity of liquid that would not vaporize in the worst possible leak scenario. This sump or safe place must be located at a distance such that flames and radiation originating in it do not affect the tank, adjacent equipment or third parties. 8. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 8.1. Production Areas 8.1.1. Offshore, Lake and Shallow Water Platforms Drainage system to be installed must safely and quickly direct liquid spills that might occur. Drains must be located around equipment whose operational nature can cause leaks or liquid hydrocarbon spills. Drain systems of offshore platforms must be designed according to what is established in document PDVSA-IR-G-01 Design Criteria for Offshore Installations

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8.1.2. Inland Facilities Drainage systems must be designed for the safe removal of liquid hydrocarbon leaks away from the affected area. All drained liquids must be sent into a remote containment dam. As an alternative, drained liquids can be discharged into a safe location if and only if equipment and third parties property are not exposed and it does not cause an adverse impact on the environment. 8.2. Furnace and Heaters Each furnace or heater must be surrounded with a curb of a height given by design conditions when the possibility of liquid hydrocarbon spill exists. Area surrounded by the curb must be provided with a drain pipe to direct effluents to the drain system of waters contaminated with hydrocarbons. The floor below each furnaces or heater must have a slope so that no liquid spill builds up there or flows to other heaters or process equipment. As an alternative, furnaces and heaters can be partially surrounded with a curb that, along with terrain inclination allows for the spills to be directed to a safe place. Interceptors, oil traps and open catch basins with discharges endowed with hydraulic seals, cannot be at a distance less than 9 meters from furnaces or heaters and other permanent ignition sources. Only dry catch basins are allowed to be placed at distances less than indicated. In this case, dry catch basins must be separately drained from the open catch basins through discharges endowed with hydraulic seals. 8.3. Truck Loading shelters Loading areas will have to be completely covered by concrete or any other material impermeable to product spills and which can resist the damage a fire can cause. Area must have a slope which allows for the hydrocarbon spill to not flow under any vehicle. Also, area must be divided into individual drainage areas provided with curbs and open channels discharging into sumps in order to contain and limit the extension of the spill. In Figure 7, details of this arrangement are shown. Catch basins cannot be located under a truck load area. It is recommended that their location is instead done on the perimeter of the loading area in order to minimize truck and load equipment exposure. Due to the fact that spills are normally limited to the close vicinity of the hose connection, a catch basin must be built at this place. Typical details of this catch basin are shown in Fig 8.

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Sumps and pipelines connected will have to be sized to allow discharge of the spilled hydrocarbons, rain and fire waters. Sumps must be equipped with firewalls and supplied of adequate traps and hydraulic seals, and will be able to drain into a remote containment dam. 8.4. Docks Due to the use of hoses and other flexible connections for loading and unloading operations, there is a higher probability for the occurrence of inflammable liquid spills in docks than in other areas. Necessary measures have to be taken in order to avoid leaks from equipment and spills from load and unload operations to contaminate water. Therefore, collections will have to be installed under areas and sites where equipment prone to present leaks exist and which are found above water level. These collections must have a pumping system sending inflammable liquids to a tank located on the docks platform. For liquefied, pressurized or cooled gases, the draining system will need to be closed and returning to the corresponding tank. The edge of the docks platform must be supplied with a concrete curb in order to prevent hydrocarbon leaks from reaching the water. Natural drains from pipelines must be designed in a way such that allows for leaks and spills originated in them to flow far away from load sites. 8.5. Buildings 8.5.1. Control Buildings The area occupied by a control building must be isolated through enough slope of the surrounding surface so that it diverts liquid spills that can affect it into open channels parallel to access roads. Floor finishing of the control building or the structure where it is located, will have to be above ground level of the area it surrounds at a height such that it prevents flooding from both rain water and products.

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FIG 6. PROCESS AREA TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT IN AN INDIVIDUAL DRAIN AREA

CATCH BASIN

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FIG 7. LOADING SHELTERS - DRAIN SYSTEM DETAIL

CATCH BASIN

CONCRETE FLOOR WITH SLOPE TO CATCH BASINS

CATCH BASIN

CATCH BASIN

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FIG 8. LOADING SHELTER CATCH BASIN AT THE LOADING HOSE AREA

8.5.2. Administrative Buildings Areas occupied by buildings or installations not handling hydrocarbons must be isolated by enough slope of the surrounding surface in order to avoid liquid spills that could affect them by directing them into open channels parallel to access roads or to sumps.

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Buildings must have adequate drainage capacity on each floor in order to discharge the maximum anticipated firewater. The drain system must be designed in compliance to what is established by the Gaceta Oficial de la Repblica de Venezuela No. 752 Guas Sanitarias para Proyectos, Construccin, Reparacin y Reforma de Edificios (Sanitary Guides for Projects, Construction, Reparation and Reform of Buildings). 8.5.3. Workshops An open channel with grating and a drain at the doorway leading to an area where inflammable liquids exist should be placed, so as to avoid any spills to pass underneath the door. In workshops where floor drains or their joints discharge into drain systems which may contain liquid hydrocarbons, hydraulic seals must be supplied. 8.5.4. Laboratories Materials to be used in laboratory drains require special care due to the disposal of acids, alkyls and other substances. Openings existing on the floor must be examined to prevent liquids from passing from one floor to another. When on the floor located at street level large quantities of firewater are expected, an open channel system can be installed. 9. INSTALLATION 9.1. Installation of sanitary sewers in the proximity of drinking water lines need to comply with the establishments of the Instituto Nacional de Obras Sanitarias (National Institute of Sanitary Works). 9.2. Under road or vehicle transit areas, sewer lines different from carbon steel requiring protection, will have to be wrapped in concrete or sleeve with a minimum space of 75 mm to the pipe. Alternatively, they can be covered with a freight supporting plate or concrete cover. 9.3. The minimum depth measured from the level of finish up to the top of the pipe will be determined calculating compression loads. In no case should the top of the pipe be at any less than 0.76 meters under that level.