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Equivalent Diameter

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Equivalent Diameter
Convert rectangular and oval duct geometry to a equivalent circular diameter - online calculator Duct Leakage Tester with imperial and SI-units
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The equivalent diameter of a rectangular tube or duct can be calculated as (Huebscher) de = 1.30 x ((a x b)0.625 / (a + b)0.25) where de = equivalent diameter (mm, inches) a = length of major or minor side (mm, inches) b = length of minor or major side (mm, inches) (1)

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Temperature

Rectangular to Equivalent Circular Duct Calculator

The calculator below is based on formula (1). The formula is generic and any unit can be used.

100 100 Calculate!

Length side a - (mm, inches) Length side - b - (mm, inches)

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0
oC oF

Convert!
Length

Equivalent diameters for some common mm rectangular dimensions are shown in the table below: Circular equivalent diameter - de (mm)

1
m km in ft yards miles nautical miles

Duct side -a mm 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Duct side - b (mm) 100 109 133 152 168 183 207 227 150 133 164 189 210 229 260 287 310 200 152 189 219 246 266 305 337 365 414 250 168 210 244 273 299 343 381 414 470 517 300 183 229 266 299 328 378 420 457 520 574 620 400 207 261 305 343 378 437 488 531 609 674 731 781 500 227 287 337 381 420 488 547 598 687 762 827 886 939 310 365 414 457 531 598 656 755 840 914 980 470 520 609 687 755 875 976 574 674 762 840 731 827 914 886 980 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

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Convert!
Volume

Photonics Online

1
m3 liters in3 ft3 us gal

1041

976 1066 1146 1219 1286 1093 1196 1289 1373 1451 1523

Convert!
Velocity

1066 1196 1312 1416 1511 1598 1680 1146 1289 1416 1530 1635 1732 1822

1
m/s

1041 1219 1373 1511 1635 1749 1854 1952 1096 1286 1451 1598 1732 1854 1968 2073 1523 1680 1822 1952 2073 2186

Engineering Standards

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km/h ft/min ft/s mph knots

Equivalent Diameter
Equivalent diameters of some common inches rectangular ducts are shown in the table below: Circular equivalent diameter (inches) Length - a - (inches) 5 6 8 10 4.9 5.5 6 6.9 7.6 5.3 6 6.6 7.6 8.4 9.1 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.6 9.8 10.7 12.2 7.6 8.4 9.8 10.9 12 13.7

Length - b (inches) 4 5 6 8 10 12 16

4 4.4 4.9 5.3 6.1

12

16

Convert!
Pressure

1
Pa (N/m 2 ) b ar mm H2 O kg/cm 2 psi inches H2 O

9.1 10.7 12 13.1 15.1

12.2 13.7 15.1 17.5

Oval Equivalent Diameter (Ellipse)

The equivalent diameter of a oval duct or tube (ellipse) can be calculated as (Heyt & Diaz) de = 1.55 A0.625/P0.2 where (2)

Convert!
Flow

1
m 3 /s m 3 /h US gpm cfm

A = cross-sectional area oval duct (m2, in2) P = perimeter oval duct (m, inches)

Convert!

Free Industry Magazines Avionics Intelligence The cross-sectional area of an oval duct can be expressed as A=ab/4 where a = major dimension of the flat oval duct (m, in) Medical Design Briefs b = minor dimension of the flat oval duct (m, in) The perimeter of an oval duct (ellipse) can be approximated to P 2 (1/2 ((a/2)2 + (b/2)2))1/2 (2b)

Oblong Ducts
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Engineering Standards

Equivalent diameters of oblong ducts or pipes can be expressed as de = 1.55 ( b2 / 4 + a b - b2)0.625/( b + 2 a - 2 b)0.25 (3)

Hydraulic Diameter
Note! Equivalent diameter is not the same as hydraulic diameter. The hydraulic diameter express the rate between the area section of the duct or tube, and the wetted perimeter of the duct or tube. Hydraulic diameter is used to determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent and to calculate the pressure loss.
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Equivalent Diameter
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