Homophones:

Two or more words having same pronunciation but different meanings or spellings are called homophones. Examples: new and knew, bare and bear, dew and due, leak and leek, ate and eight.

Synonyms:
A word with similar meaning as another word in the same language. Examples: Word Almost Arise Begin Choose Close Synonym Nearly Occur Start Pick Shut

Antonyms:
A word opposite in meaning to another. Examples: Word Good Alive Big Sweet Cold Antonyms Bad Dead Small Bitter Hot

Idioms:
A group of words establish by usage as having a meaning not deducible form those of the individual words. Examples: Burn the candle at both ends, acid test, out of your depth, burn the midnight oil, its raining cats and dogs.

Phrasal verbs:
An idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element is called phrasal verbs. Examples: ask around, back someone up, break out, calm down, check out.

Proverbs:
A short well-known expression that states a general truth. Examples: Actions speak louder than words, Any time means no time, Boys will be boys, Crime doesnt pay, Dead men tell no tales.

Denotation:
Denotation refers to the literal meaning of the word.

Connotation:
Connotation refers to the association that is connected to a certain word. Examples: Denotation The media were swarming around the pileup on the inner belt conceivable injury for the evening news to capture. Photographers stood patiently along the walkway, awaiting the arrival of Oscar nominees. Americas Midwest is often referred to as the heartland by Washington congressmen. Fungus is a scientific term donating to a certain kind of natural growth. Snake refereed to a reptile with long narrow body and no legs. Connotation The journalists were on the scene at the inner belt crash to document the incident for the evening news. The paparazzi lined the walkway anxiously poised to snap the Oscar nominees. Americas Midwest is often referred to as flyover country by DC politicos. Fungus also means a disease and ugliness. Snake also refers to the evil intentions.

Similes:
A simile is a comparison between two dissimilar objects using like as or like to connect them. Examples:

A photo album is like a memory preserved. As old as earth itself. Lives fade like a passing shadow. My song will be like wings to your dream. The day melts away like a snowflake.

Metaphors:
Metaphor compare to dissimilar object without using the words like as or like. Examples: Abridge to the past. Peer through time. Life proceeds at a donkeys pace. Sit on the edge of the future. I reached back through the centuries.

Suffixes:
Is a group of letters added after a word or base. Examples: Cheerful, Frightful, Handful, Harmful, Successful.

Prefixes:
Is a group of letters added before a word to alter its meaning. Examples: Anticlimax, Antibody, Uncap, Undue, Preface.

Root words:
A root word is a word that has prefix, suffix, or both added to it. Examples: Unzipped, Unloading, Tramping, Disappointment, Homeless etc.

Clich:
A trite or overused expression or idea. Examples: Live and learn. Stay the course. What goes around comes around. The writing on the wall. Fit as a fiddle.