DRUG

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION .Antibiotic

MECHANISM OF ACTION Second generation cephalosporin that binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death promoting osmotic instability; bactericidal against susceptible bacteria

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
>Assess pt for s/s of infection (VS, appearance of sputum, urine, and stool; WBC) at beginning and throughout course of therapy. >Before administration, ask patient if he/she is allergic to penicillin / cephalosporin. >Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy >Advise patient receiving drug IV to report discomfort at IV insertion site. >Observe pt for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis(rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue the drug and notify the physician or other health care provider immediately if these occur. Keep epinephrine, an antihistamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in the event of an anaphylactic reaction

Generic Name: CEFUROXIME Brand Name: ZEGEN

Dosage: 750 mg IV q8 (-)ANST

Treatment of infections due to susceptible organisms: >Infections of the urinary tracts >Respiratory tract infections >Bone and joint infection

>Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin or penicillin

>Nausea and vomiting >diarrhea/loose stools >abdominal pain

DRUG

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION . Loop diuretic

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS >Monitor vital signs >Monitor intake and output >Watch for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia >Instruct patient to take the drug with food, if there is a second dose, take it in the afternoon to prevent nocturia. >Monitor or assist patient in ambulation after receiving the drug to prevent injury >Instruct patient to move slowly when rising, sitting or standing >Advise patient to avoid alcohol or herbs while taking the drug

Generic Name:

antihypertensive

FUROSIMIDE
Brand Name: LASIX

Dosage: 40 mg IV q8 With BP precaution Followed by: @7-14-11 1 tab q12

Unclear. Thought to ihibit sodium and chloride reabsorption from ascending loop of Henle and distal renal tubules. Increases potassium excretion and plasma volume, promoting renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen and calcium.

>Acute pulmonary edema >Edema caused by heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or renal disease >Hypertension

>patients with anuria or who are hypersensitive to the drug >discontinued in patients with progressive renal disease if increasing azotemia and oliguria >occur during therapy electrolyte imbalances caution if acute MI caution if arrhythmia

CNS: dizziness, headache, vertigo, weakness, lethargy, paresthesia, drowsiness, restlessness, lightheadedness CV: hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, volume depletion, necrotizing angiitis, thrombophlebitis, arrhythmias EENT: blurred vision, xanthopsia, hearing loss, tinnitus GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dyspepsia, oral and gastric irritation, cramping, anorexia, dry mouth, acute pancreatitis GU: excessive and frequent urination, nocturia, glycosuria, bladder spasm, oliguria, interstitial nephritis Hematologic: anemia, purpura, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia Hepatic: jaundice Metabolic: hyperglycemia,

hyperuricemia, dehydration, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypochloremic alkalosis Musculoskeletal: muscle pain, muscle cramps Skin: photosensitivity, rash, diaphoresis, urticaria, proritus, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme Others: fever, transient pain at I.M. injection site

DRUG

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name:

Antihypertensive

CAPTOPRIL

Brand Name: CAPOTEN

Dosage: 25 mg 1 tab OD

Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which leads to vasoconstriction and ultimately to lower blood pressure. Also decreases blood pressure by increasing plasma rennin secretion from kidney and reducing aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex. Decreased aldosterone secretion prevents sodium and water retention.

>Hypertension >Heart Failure >Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial infarction >Diabetic Nephrophaty >after other ACE inhibitors >bilateral renal artery stenosis >hypersensitivity to drug/class/components >impaired renal function

CNS: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, weakness, insomnia CV: angina pectoris, tachycardia, hypotension EENT: sinusitis GI: nausea, diarrhea, anorexia GU: proteinuria, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, gynecomastia, renal failure Hematologic: anemia, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia Metabolic: hyperkalemia Respiratory: cough, asthma, bronchitis, dyspnea, eosinophilic pneumonitis Skin: rash, angioedema Others: altered taste, fever

>Monitor for sudden blood pressure drop within 3 hours of initial dose >Monitor or assist patient in ambulation after receiving the drug to prevent injury >Assist client in performing ADLs >Advise patient to take he drug 1 hour before meals on empty stomach >Caution patient to avoid over-thecounter drug unless approved by the physician

DRUG
Generic name: PARACETAMOL

General Classification
Antipyretic Analgesic

Mechanism of Action
>Produces analgesia by blocking generation of pain impulses. This action is probably cause by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS or the synthesis or action of other substances that sensitize pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation. >It relieves fever by central action in the hyphothalamic heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation, thus increasing peripheral blood supply and promoting sweating, which leads to heat loss and to cooling by evaporation.

Indications Contraindications
>Paracetamol should not be used in hypersensitivity to the preparation and in severe liver diseases.

Side effects
>Tinnitus >Nausea >Dyspepsia >GI bleeding >Thrombocytopenia >Rash >Bruising >Urticaria

Nursing Considerations
>Instruct patient that the drug should not be used for self-medication. >Monitor temperature reading q 8 hours. >Monitor liver function. >Administer every 4 hours. >Ask patient for any allergies on this medication before giving the first dose.

>Pain >Fever

Brand name: AEKNIL

Route: Intravenous Dosage: 500 mg IV q 4 hours Frequency: 1 ampule 150mg/ml

DRUG

General Classification

Mechanism of Action

Indications
>Uncomplicated skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Contraindications

Side effects

Nursing Considerations

Generic name:
CEFACLOR

Anti-infective

Brand name:
PHAREX

Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing cell >Pharyngitis and tonsillitis not to rupture caused by and die.
Haemophilus influenza

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin or penicillin

Dosage:
500 mg 1 cap every 8 hrs.

>Chronic bronchitis and acute not caused by H. influenza >Otitis media caused by staphylococci; lower respiratory tract infection caused by h. influenza, S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae; pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes; UTI caused by Klebsiella species, E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and coagulase negative staphylococci

>Assess CBC, kidney and liver function test results. >With long term therapy, obtain monthly Coombs test. CV: >Monitor for signs and hypotension, symptoms of super palpitations, infection and other chest pain serious adverse reaction. >Instruct patient to take GI: nausea, drug with food or milk to vomiting reduce GI upset. diarrhea, >Advise patient to abdominal complete entire course of cramps therapy even if he feels better. Respiratory: >Tell patient ot report Dyspnea signs and symptoms of allergic response and Skin: other adverse reactions Erythematou such as rash, easy s rash bruising, bleeding, severe GI problems or difficulty breathing. >Instruct patient to avoid taking antacid within two hours of extended release cefaclor.

CNS: headache, lethargy, syncope, seizures

DRUG

General Classification

Mechanism of Action

Indications

Contraindications

Side effects

Nursing Considerations
>Monitor blood pressure and pulse frequently during initial dose adjustment and periodically during changes. Report significant changes. >Monitor frequency of prescription refills to determine adherence >Monitor CBC, electrolytes, LE cell prep and ANA titer prior to and periodically during prolonged therapy. >May cause a positive direct Coombs test result.

Generic name: HYDRALAZINE Brand name:

APRESOLINE

Antihypertensive

Dosage:
25 mg 1 tab BID Followed by: @07-14-11 25 mg 1 tab once a day

Direct-acting >Moderate to peripheral severe arteriovascular hypertension vasodilator. Lowers high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow through the body more easily.

>Hypersensitivity to hydralazine; coronary artery disease; mitral valvular rheumatic heart disease.

>Fast or pounding heartbeats >swelling in your face, stomach, hands or feet >numbness >confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior >pale skin, easy bruising >painful or difficult urination >Joint pain Less serious: >diarrhea, constipation >nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite >headache >dizziness >anxiety >runny or stuffy nose >mild itching or skin rash