Technological Institute Of The Philippines 1338 Arlegui St.

, Quiapo Manila

RESEARCH PROPOSAL AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT / AUTOMATIC SWITCHING LIGHT

SUBMITTED BY: John Emil B. Santos

SUBMITTED TO: Engr: Christian Rolluque

DATE: 12-07-12

ABSTRACT Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is need of light. It detects itself weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically street light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project we have used four L.E.D for indication of bulb but for high power switching one can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555. Then it will be possible to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay. This light sensitive automatic light switch circuit is intended to be connected at the main 220V supply. The circuit will connect a 220V lamp when at the nightfall and disconnects it in the morning light. The switching is made without a relay in order to avoid problems with the electric arc and noise caused by inductance coil and contacts.The automatic light switch is powered from the 220V network through R10, C4, D3, D2 and C3. A reference voltage source, D1, feeds with 8.2 V the circuit for measuring light, R 2-P1. At lower light intensity, LDRs resistance, R2, increases and therefore the P1 voltage falls, so will fall the gate -source voltage of FETs T1.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor. Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights wherever not necessary. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timings for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. The main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source of the power(Thermal, Hydro etc.,)are getting diminished due to various reasons. The main aim of the project is Automatic street power saving system with LDR, this is to save the power. We want to save power automatically instead of doing manual. So its easy to make cost effectiveness. This saved power can be used in some other cases. So in villages, towns etc we can design intelligent systems for the usage of street lights.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY In this project, we are going to switch off the street lights automatically as the day starts. The duration of the day differs from season to season, accordingly our module works based upon the light intensity so as to when to start or stop. For this we are using Light with Dependent the Resistor (LDR) as to the the light sensor, which communicates required information micro controller.

Here we are using micro controller, LDR, and relay. By using the LDR we can operate the lights, i.e when the light is available then it will be in the OFF state and when it is dark then the light will be in ON state, it means LDR is inversely proportional to light. When the light falls on the LDR it sends the commands to the micro controller that it should be in the OFF state then it switch offs the light, all these commands are sent to the controller then according to that the devices operate. We use a relay to act as an ON OFF switch, the load is connected to these relays.