Guidelines in the selection of Current Transformers for Differential Protection a) Only standard C.T.

ratings are chosen such that there is flexibility and interchangeability with either 5A or 1A secondary. rating nearest to the full load current is chosen. b) The secondary knee point voltage should equal or exceed the value given by: Vk Where Vk If RCT RR RL relay. 3.7 Examples on providing Differential Protection for Power = = = = = = If (RCT + RR + 2RL) Knee point voltage Maximum secondary fault current C.T. secondary resistance in ohms. Relay impedance in ohms Maximum one way lead resistance from C.T. to The standard primary

Transformers 3.7.1 To provide differential Protection for a 30MVA, 132/33KV DY 11 Transformer Primary full load current = 30x106 ______ 3 x 132 x 103 131.22 A 150/5 30x106 _____ 3 x 33x103 524.86 A

Hence select primary 132 KV C.T. Ratio: Secondary full load current =

Hence select secondary 33KV C.T. ratio: Primary full load current in C.T. secondary

600/5 = 131.22 x 5__ 150 4.374 A

The primary Transformer Winding is in Delta. Then the primary C.Ts are connected in Star. The secondary Transformer winding is in Star, then C.Ts are to be connected in Delta. Secondary full load in C.T. secondary = 524.86 x 5__ 600 4.374 A

= Secondary C.Ts are connected in Delta. C.T. secondary line current to Differential relay = =

3 x 4.374 7.576 A

The secondary C.T. secondary line current of 7.576 A has to be matched with primary C.T. secondary line current of 4.375 A. Introduce a matching C.T. of ratio 7.576/4.374 A in the C.T. secondary or 1:0.577. This is one way of connection. The second method is as follows. Both the primary and secondary C.Ts are connected in Star. The phase shift is corrected in the secondary matching C.T.

3.7.2 To provide Differential Protection for a 7.5MVA, 33/11KV DY1 Transformer Primary full load current = 7.5 x 106 ___ 3 x 33 x 103

131.22 A

Select primary C.T.R Secondary full load current

= =

150/5 131.22 x 5_ 150 4.374 A 7.5 x 106 ___ 3 x 11 x103 393.65 A 400/5 393.65 x 5_ 400

= Secondary full load current =

= Select secondary C.T.R Full Load Current in C.T. Sec. = =

4.92 A

Method 1: Transformer Primary is Delta, then connect Primary C.Ts in Star. Transformer Secondary is Star, then connect Secondary C.Ts in Delta. Method 2: Both C.Ts are connected in Star. Phase shift is corrected in Matching CT.

Method 3: Select primary C.T.R. as 150/2.89 Full Load current in C.T. secondary = 131.22 x 2.89 150 2.53 A

= Select secondary CTR as 400/2.89 Full Load current in C.T. Secondary =

393. 65 x 2.89 400

2.844 A