Arellano, Vanessa G.

BSN4-4
DRUGSTUDY

Drug name Generic Name AMPICILLIN Brand Name: Omnipen Classification Penicillin Dosage/Route IV 100 mg/kg/day

Mechanism of action Ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase. Transpeptidase is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls. It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to cell lysis.

Side Effect Allergic reaction: Difficulty in breathing; swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Nursing Responsibility Culture infected area before treatment; reculture area if response is not as expected. Check IV site carefully for signs of thrombosis or drug reaction. Do not give IM injections in the same site; atrophy can occur. Monitor injection sites.

Arellano, Vanessa G. BSN4-4

DRUGSTUDY

DRUG NAME

ACTION

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC NAME: Clonidine hydrochl oride BRAND NAME: Catapres, CLASSIFICATION Antihypersensitive, centrally-acting DOSAGE: 75mg SL PRN for BP >140/90

Stimulates CNS alpha2adrenergic receptors, inhibits sympathetic cardio accelerator and vasoconstrictor centers, and decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS.

-dry mouth -drowsiness -dizziness -sedation -constipation

Do not discontinue abruptly; discontinue therapy by reducing the dosage gradually over 24 days to avoid rebound hypertension, Do not discontinue prior to surgery; monitor BP carefully during surgery; have other BP-controlling drugs on standby. if clonidine tolerance occurs; giving concomitant diuretic increases the antihypertensive efficacy ofclonidine. Monitor BP carefully when discontinuing clonidine; hypertension usually returns within 48 hr

Arellano, Vanessa G. BSN4-4

DRUGSTUDY

DRUG NAME GENERIC NAME: Ranitidine BRAND NAME Xantac CLASSIFICATION H2 Receptor Blocker DOSAGE 1 amp IV q 8 hours

ACTION Completely inhibits action of histamine on the H2 at receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretions

SIDE EFFECTS Vertigo, malaise, headache, blurred vision, jaundice, burning and itching at injection site

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Assess patient for abdominal pain. Note presence of blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate Ranitidine may be added to total parenteral nutrition solution Instruct patient to take without regard to meals because absorption isnt affected by food

Arellano, Vanessa G. BSN4-4

DRUGSTUDY

Generic name GENERIC NAME: Tramadol Brand name: Tramal

Mechanism of action
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Side effect Respiratory depression, Seizures, Prolonged duration

Nursing responsibilities Assess onset, type, location, and duration of pain. Review past medical history, especially epilepsy or seizures. Assess renal or hepatic function laboratory values. Give without regards to meals Palpate bladder for urinary retention. Monitor pattern of daily bowel activity and stool consistency. Sips of tepid water may relieve dry mouth.

Dosage: 50mg IV now then q 8 hours CLASSIFICATION Analgesics (centrally acting)

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, which also modifies the ascending pain pathway.