International Journal of Advanced in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) International Journal of Advanced Research Research in Engineering and Technology

(IJARET), ISSN 0976 Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) 6480(Print) ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1 Number 1, May - June (2010), pp. 118-127 IAEME IAEME, http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret.html

IJARET

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRAINING FUNCTION TRAINBFG AND TRAINBR IN MODELING OF NEURAL NETWORK FOR PREDICTING THE VALUE OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WORKING FLUID LIBR-H2O USED IN VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Dheerendra Vikram Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science Indore (M.P.) E-Mail: dheerendra_mechanical@rediffmail.com Dr. Govind Maheshwari Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Engineering and Technology Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.) Neha Mathur Department of Mechanical Engineering Malwa Institute of Technology, Indore (M.P.) Pushpendra Mishra Department of Mechanical Engineering Malwa Institute of Technology, Indore (M.P.) Ishan Patel Department of Mechanical Engineering Malwa Institute of Technology, Indore (M.P.)

ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to compare the two training functions TRAINBFG and TRAINBR for modeling the neural network, to predict the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapour absorption refrigeration system and this comparisons is based on the relative error, mean relative error, sum of the square due to error, coefficient of multiple determination R-square and root mean square error. This work will help researchers for choosing the training function during the modeling of the neural network for energy or exergy analysis of vapour absorption refrigeration system.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME

Keywords: ANN (Artificial neural network); vapour absorption refrigeration; specific heat capacity; training function; regression analysis.

I INTRODUCTION
In recent years, researches on the absorption refrigeration system (ARS) have increased, because these use inexpensive energy sources in comparison to vapour compression systems. Besides, ARSs cause no ecological dangers, such as depletion of ozone layer and global warming. So the study includes prediction of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapour absorption refrigeration systems [13]. Nowadays neural network is exploring immense possibilities in the field of research. Different areas like medical, science, physics, mathematics, commerce, market, engineering etc are exploiting neural network to its maximum. Its ability to classify problems, clustering, pattern recognition etc makes its use overwhelming. This study is eased by neural network because of its many features like fast complex computation, self learning capabilities, etc. So, it is used in various engineering applications for better and quick results [4]. Correct selection of training function is important to yield the correct neural network. As inappropriate training function may never lead to the correct result in turn results in incorrect network [5]. A. Theory of neural network Artificial neural network is artificially created network that resembles the biological neural network and work as intelligent as biological one. The artificial neuron, connection and weights in ANN are analogous to the biological neuron, synaptic and synaptic weights in its biological counterpart [5-6]. The ANN imitates the same behavior as the biological one using same learning progression. With the help of previously gained knowledge the both network try to solve given certain problem intelligently [7]. The learning for gaining the knowledge can be supervised or unsupervised i.e. learning with the help of examples or without examples. There are various learning or training functions among which the two TRAINBFG and TRAINBR are discussed and compared in this paper for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapour absorption refrigeration systems [5, 7]. For training feed forward ANN with back propagation algorithm is used. In Back Propagation algorithm if the training network yield wrong result then the error factor is calculated which is back

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME

propagated to the network, so that network can be scaled accordingly to accommodate the error[8].

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Architecture of neural network and training functions The Figure 1 shows the ANN model used for the proposed work. The feed forward network with back propagation algorithm consists of one input, one hidden and one output layer [9]. The two input parameters are vapor quality and temperature and the output is specific heat capacity. The pattern set for training is shown in the table 1. Input range for temperature is between 10 to 190O C and for vapor quality is 5 to 75 [13]. The inputs given are normalized using minimum and maximum values of input before training the network. The inputs given are normalized using minimum and maximum values of input before training the network. The range of normalized input and output pairs is between [0.15, 1]. The network is trained using both TRAINBFG and TRAINBR training functions using logistic sigmoidal transfer function as activation function for both hidden and output layer. The transfer function is mentioned as:
F(z) = 1 1 + e z (1)

Figure 1 ANN model for predicting Specific Heat capacity of LiBr-H2O working fluid in vapor absorption refrigeration system for both training functions TRAINBFG and TRAINBR

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Experimental conditions and results [13] used for ANN modeling x (wt %)
T(O C) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 5 3.8 45 3.8 52 3.8 65 3.8 73 3.8 81 3.8 87 3.8 92 3.9 04 3.9 14 3.9 28 3.9 45 3.9 64 3.9 82 4.0 00 4.0 23 4.0 51 4.0 77 4.1 11 4.1 49 10 3.5 63 3.5 79 3.6 02 3.6 16 3.6 28 3.6 38 3.6 43 3.6 59 3.6 67 3.6 82 3.6 96 3.7 17 3.7 31 3.7 50 3.7 70 3.7 92 3.8 17 3.8 42 3.8 76 15 3.3 04 3.3 29 3.3 60 3.3 79 3.3 96 3.4 08 3.4 12 3.4 32 3.4 38 3.4 52 3.4 66 3.4 87 3.5 08 3.5 15 3.5 33 3.5 54 3.5 72 3.5 95 3.6 19 20 3.0 65 3.0 97 3.1 35 3.1 58 3.1 79 3.1 93 3.1 94 3.2 18 3.2 21 3.2 36 3.2 49 3.2 72 3.2 80 3.2 94 3.3 09 3.3 29 3.3 41 3.3 59 3.3 81 25 2.8 44 2.8 82 2.9 26 2.9 52 2.9 76 2.9 93 2.9 91 3.0 18 3.0 19 3.0 32 3.0 51 3.0 66 3.0 87 3.0 86 3.1 01 3.1 19 3.1 28 3.1 43 3.1 58 30 2.6 40 2.6 85 2.7 34 2.7 62 2.7 88 2.8 03 2.8 01 2.8 31 2.8 29 2.8 42 2.8 56 2.8 79 2.8 97 2.8 93 2.9 05 2.9 24 2.9 30 2.9 42 2.9 55 35 2.4 55 2.5 06 2.5 59 2.5 89 2.6 16 2.6 32 2.6 27 2.6 59 2.6 53 2.6 66 2.6 78 2.7 03 2.7 20 2.7 14 2.7 26 2.7 43 2.7 47 2.7 58 2.7 70 40 2.2 91 2.3 47 2.4 04 2.4 34 2.4 62 2.4 77 2.4 68 2.5 02 2.4 93 2.5 06 2.5 19 2.5 43 2.5 56 2.5 52 2.5 62 2.5 79 2.5 83 2.5 92 2.6 03 45 2.1 23 2.2 08 2.2 67 2.2 97 2.3 24 2.3 41 2.3 25 2.3 60 2.3 48 2.3 58 2.3 70 2.3 96 2.4 05 2.4 03 2.4 12 2.4 31 2.4 32 2.4 42 2.4 52 50 1.9 61 2.0 77 2.1 40 2.1 70 2.1 96 2.2 08 2.1 90 2.2 23 2.2 12 2.2 21 2.2 33 2.2 61 2.2 56 2.2 63 2.2 73 2.2 94 2.2 92 2.3 03 2.3 14 55 1.7 97 1.9 25 2.0 1 2.0 40 2.0 65 2.0 77 2.0 55 2.0 89 2.0 74 2.0 84 2.0 95 2.1 20 2.1 15 2.1 24 2.1 35 2.1 58 2.1 56 2.1 68 2.1 79 60 1.7 64 1.8 60 1.8 96 1.9 23 1.9 36 1.9 08 1.9 48 1.9 27 1.9 36 1.9 49 1.9 75 1.9 68 1.9 80 1.9 91 2.0 16 2.0 15 2.0 27 2.0 40 65 1.7 68 1.7 82 1.7 51 1.7 90 1.7 69 1.7 80 1.7 92 1.8 24 1.8 17 1.8 29 1.8 41 1.8 67 1.8 68 1.8 83 1.8 98 70 1.6 29 1.6 60 1.6 54 1.6 68 1.6 84 1.7 17 1.7 15 1.7 32 1.7 49 75 1.5 11 1.5 27 1.5 63 1.5 63 1.5 82 1.6 02

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Training stops, based on the minimum value of the mean square error at particular epochs [10]. When author trained first TRAINBFG function it gives lowest mean square error at 45 epochs which is clearly shown in figure 1.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME

Figure 2 Training behavior of TRAINBFG function to predict the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapor absorption refrigeration system. This training is completed in MATLAB R2008a student version environment in which some data are used for training purpose and other data is used to test and validate the network[]. Some foreign data is not given in training session and the performance of network is checked as clearly shown in table 2 and table3.

Figure 3 Training behavior of TRAINBR function to predict the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapor absorption refrigeration system

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Figure 3 tells about the value of the epochs in training session of TRAINBR function which is based on the minimum value mean square error and high value of validation performance. Table 2 shows the comparative analysis between the two training function with experimental values [13]. With the help of this table we can easily differentiate the performance of two functions. While designing the ANN, network recognizes and selects one parameter that is percentage relative error [4-14]. Table 2 Compare the values of specific heat capacity by two ANN training functions to the experimental [13] x (wt%) Temperature Specific heat Specific heat Specific heat 0 ( C) capacity(kJ/kg) capacity(kJ/kg) capacity(kJ/kg) TRAINBR TRAINBFG Experimental 5 80 3.904 3.906 3.704 10 130 3.731 3.7362 3.6645 15 140 3.515 3.5078 3.6891 20 150 3.309 3.3089 3.5314 25 170 3.128 3.1341 3.0233 30 90 2.829 2.8362 2.7766 35 20 2.506 2.5243 2.3046 40 100 2.468 2.4809 2.5051 45 60 2.341 2.3294 2.457 50 100 2.221 2.2189 2.1581 55 90 2.074 2.0777 1.9219 60 110 1.949 1.9511 1.8899 65 120 1.824 1.8052 1.8415 70 150 1.684 1.6801 1.7869 75 160 1.563 1.5675 1.7754 Table 3 shows the analysis of percentage relative error for the two training functions. After percentage analysis, many researchers suggests, sum of the square due to error, coefficient of multiple determination R-square and root mean square error to recognize the network performance[4-14]. In the analysis with TRAINBFG function, sum of the square due to error is 0.2696, coefficient of multiple determination R-square is 0.9628 and root mean square error is 0.144. Figure 3 represents regression analysis with the help of this author has find out these errors. TRAINBR function gives sum of the square due to error is 0.00116, coefficient of multiple determination R-square is 0.9999 and root mean square error is 0.009448.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME

Table 3 Compare the % relative error of specific heat capacity by two ANN training functions to the experimental [13] x (wt%) Temperature Specific heat % Relative % Relative (0C) capacity(kJ/kg) Error Error Experimental TRAINBR TRAINBFG 5 80 3.904 0.0512 5.1229 10 130 3.731 0.1391 1.7823 15 140 3.515 0.2048 4.7193 20 150 3.309 0.003 6.2977 25 170 3.128 0.1946 3.3471 30 90 2.829 0.2538 1.8522 35 20 2.506 0.7302 8.0367 40 100 2.468 0.5199 1.4809 45 60 2.341 0.4955 4.7212 50 100 2.221 0.0945 2.832 55 90 2.074 0.0178 7.3336 60 110 1.949 0.1076 3.0323 65 120 1.824 1.037 0.9503 70 150 1.684 0.2315 5.7585 75 160 1.563 0.287 11.96

Figure 3 Regression analysis graph for TRAINBFG Function 124

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) ISSN 0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 1, Number 1, May - June (2010), IAEME

Figure 4 Regression analysis graph for TRAINBR Function

IV. CONCLUSION
Selection of appropriate training function is must because it affects the resulting neural network to be formed. The ANN modeled for predicting the value of specific heat capacity of working fluid LiBr-H2O used in vapor absorption refrigeration system is trained using two training functions TRAINBFG and TRAINBR. The various analysis and computations shows that the TRAINBR training function yield more appropriate results while testing as compared to the TRAINBFG training function used for the same network.

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V. REFERENCES
[1]S.Aphornratana, I.W.Emes (1995): Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration cycles using the second law of thermodynamic method, Int.J.Refrig, vol 18(4), pp 244-252. [2] Da-Wen Sun (1997) Thermodynamic design data and optimum design maps for absorption refrigeration system Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 17(3), pp. 211221. [3]Omer Kynakli, Recep Yamankaradeniz (2007) : Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration system based on entropy generation, Current Science, vol 92(4), pp 472-479. [4] Yasar islamgolu(2003):A New Approach for The Prediction of The Heat Transfer Rate of The Wire-on-Tube Type Heat Exchanger use of An Artificial Neural Network Model, Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 23, pp. 243-249. [5] Rojalina Priyadarshni, Nillamadhub Dash, Tripti Swarnkar, Rachita Misra(2010): functional analysis of artificial neural network for data base classification, IJJCT, vol 1(2,3,4), pp 49-54. [6] G.N.Xie, Q.W.Wang, M.Zeng, L.Q.Luo(2007): HeatTtransfer Analysis for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers with Experimental Data by Artificial Neural Network Approach ,Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 27, pp. 1096-1104,2007. [7] Soteris A. Kalogirou(2000): Long-term performance prediction of force circulation solar domestic water heating systems using artificial neural networks, Applied Enrgy,vol 66, pp. 63-74. [8] Obodeh O, Ajuwa, C. I. (2009):Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Performance in Predicting Diesel Engine NOx Emissions, European Journal of Scientific Research, vol 33(4), pp. 642-653. [9] Arzu Sencan,Kemal A.yakut, Soteri A. Kalogirou (2006):Thermodynamic analysis of Absorption Systems using Artificial Neural Network, Renewable Energy,vol 31, pp. 29-34. [10] Adnan Sozen, Mehmet Ozlap, Erol Arcaklioglu (2007):Calculation for the thermodynamic properties for an alternative refrigerant (508a) using artificial neural network, Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 27, pp. 551-559.

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[11] C.K.Tan,J.Ward,S.J.Wilox(2009):Artificial Neural Network Modelling Performace of a Compact Heat Exchanger, Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 29, pp. 3609-3617. [12] Da-Wen Sun (1997): Thermodynamic Design Data and Optimum Design Maps for Absorption Refrigeration Syste Applied Thermal Engineering,vol 17(3), pp. 211221. [13] H.T. Chua, H.K. Toh, A. Malek, K.C. Ng , K. Srinivasan (2000):Improved thermodynamic property fields of LiBr-H2O solution, International Journal of Refrigeration,vol. 23,pp 412-429. [14] Soteri A. Kalogirou(2001): Artificial Neural Networks in Renewable Energy systems and applications:A Review, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol 5, pp. 373-401.

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