VILLAGE MAYORS WORKSHOP

NO-TAKE MPA PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

October 15th 2010 Equator Conference Room Tradewinds Hotel

Authors: Sione Lam Yuen, Lucy Jacob and Tafito Aitaoto

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Table of Contents.
Table of Figures .................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives of the Workshop .................................................................................................................. 5 Workshop Activities .............................................................................................................................. 6 Results of Pre and Post Tests .............................................................................................................. 10 Evaluation Results............................................................................................................................... 12 Overall Discussion and Recommendations. ......................................................................................... 13 Appendix I: Workshop Agenda ............................................................................................................ 14 Appendix II: Summary of Questions and Answers ............................................................................... 15 Appendix III: Pre and Post Questionnaire ............................................................................................ 17 Appendix IV: Evaluation Form ............................................................................................................. 18 Appendix V: Presentations .................................................................................................................. 19 Appendix IV: Photos from Workshop .................................................................................................. 35

Table of Figures
Figure 1 Map of villages represented at the Mayors Workshop ...................................................... 5 Figure 2 MPA designed by Group 1 in Fagaitua. ............................................................................... 7 Figure 3. MPA designed by Group 2 in Aua. ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. MPA designed by Group 3 in Nuuuli ................................................................................ 8 Figure 5. MPA designed by Group 4 in Leone. .................................................................................. 8 Figure 6. MPA designed by Group 5 in Fagasa. ................................................................................. 9 Figure 7. MPA designed by Group 6 in Tula ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 8. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe a MPA before and after the workshop. . ................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 9. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe examples of No-Take MPAs in American Samoa before and after the workshop. .............................................................. 10 Figure 10. Percentage of participants that selected different options to answer the percentage of its coral reefs that American Samoa plans to protect inside no-take MPAs before and after the workshop. .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 11. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what Spill over means... .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 12. Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what a Coral is. . ...... 12

Acknowledgements
The No-take MPA Program would like to thank the Director and Deputy Director of the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Ufagafa Ray Tulafono and Fuafuamealelei Alofa Tuaumu for their continual support for all the activities of the No-take MPA Program. The workshop would not have been possible without significant financial and logistical assistance from the Information and Education Division (Aquatic Education) of DMWR who organized and paid for the venue and all associated costs. Maria Vaofanua and Lusila Minonetti were the individuals who provided this assistance with their usual sense of fun and graciousness! They also acted as facilitators on the day of the workshop. Fatima Sauafea-Leau also provided invaluable assistance in planning this workshop and helped out as a facilitator and recorded on the day of the event. In addition, Afa Uikirifi and Fale Tuilagi from the Community Based Fishery Management Program also attended the event and helped with taking care of the participants, facilitating groups and answering questions that arose relating to their program. Alice Lawrence who was the MPA Network Coordinator assisted with logistics on the day of the workshop and with taking photographs throughout the workshop. As always, her help was much appreciated and always plentiful. Particular thanks should be given to the Office of Samoan Affairs, in particular the late Honorable Secretary Tufele Liamatua who supported the event from the inception of its planning and spoke from the heart with sincerity about marine conservation issues during the workshop. Last but not least, the No-take MPA Program would like to thank Faletogo Taliloa (High Talking Chief of Fagamalo village) who spoke with passion to the Mayors during the workshop about the creation of the No-take MPA in Fagamalo. Faletogo is leading the way for marine conservation in his village and attempted to inspire Mayors from villages in Tutuila to do similar in their villages. Lucy Jacob, Tafito Aitoato and Sione Lam Yuen The No-take MPA Team.

Introduction
On Friday 15th October 2010, the No-Take Marine Protected Area (MPA) Program collaborated with the Information Education Division to inform Village Mayors that are working in the Office of Samoan Affairs about the No-take Marine Protected Area Program and other marine related issues. Forty five Mayors and community leaders from 33 villages participated in the workshop that was held at the Tradewinds hotel in Tutuila, American Samoa. The villages that were represented were as follows: Fagamalo, Aua, Failolo and Agugulu, Tafuna, Masausi, Asili, Faleniu, Fagatogo, Laulii, Taputimu, Nuuuli, Vailoatai, Vaitogi, Pavaiai, Seetaga, Utulei and Gataivai, Leone, Afono, Alao, Auasi, Vatia, Fagasa, Masefau, Fagaitua, Amaua, Tula, Afao, Sailele, Malaeloa (Ituau), Aoloau, and Alofau. Figure 1 shows a map of all the villages that were represented.

Figure 1 Villages that were represented at the Village Mayors Workshop in October 2010 (in green).

Objectives of the workshop

1). Explain what MPAs are and how they work. 2). Provide information and background about the No-Take MPA Program. 3). Provide information about coral reefs, threats to reefs and management ideas. 4). Give opportunity for the mayors to ask questions about issues relating to MPAs. 5). Strengthen the relationship between the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources and the Office of Samoan Affairs.

Workshop Activities
The agenda for the Mayors workshop can be found in Appendix I. The introduction included information about the background of the MPA Program, an explanation of the territorial target (20%) and the MPA master plan which guides the program in its activities. Information was also provided about the types of MPAs that are found in American Samoa, including federal and territorial MPAs and Community Based Fishery Management Program (CFMP) villages in American Samoa. The Mayors were given information on what no-take MPAs are and how they benefit fisheries within and outside the MPA villages. In particular they were told about the importance of protecting big fish and about designing MPAs to include all habitat types. After providing basic information on MPAs and the benefits of them, the Mayors were given more information about the process and methods employed by the no-take program. This presentation was a summary of the last four years of work that has been carried out by the MPA Program. Following the first presentation, the Mayors were given an opportunity to ask questions. They were eager to ask questions about the presentations and expressed what they have learnt during the presentations. In actual fact, one Mayor approached the staff after the questions session expressing his frustration at having had his hand up and not being given the opportunity to ask a question! This was because there were a lot of questions and it was not possible to answer them all at this stage although the Mayors were informed that they could approach the staff during the proceeding coffee break if they had additional questions. A summary of the questions asked throughout the day and the issues raised as well as response given can be found in Appendix II. Other presentations that were provided during the day were: The Coral Reefs of American Samoa,; How can MPAs help with Human and Natural Threats?; What is a Network of MPAs? and the Creation of a No-Take MPA in Fagamalos Marine Managed Area. The Fagamalo presentation included a twenty minute talk that was given by the High Talking Chief (Faletogo Tuilagi) of Fagamalo. He wanted to explain to the other Mayors how they can benefit from such a type of management and how they should work together to improve the management of American Samoas marine resources. Copies of all the presentations can be found in the Appendix V.

Group Activities An activity for the Mayors to design their own marine managed areas in certain villages was organized. Nine villages were listed on the board and the Mayors of those villages were asked to step forward. Six Mayors were present and the audience was divided into those six groups. The groups were assigned the villages of 1) Fagasa 2) Amanave 3) Leone 4) Tula 5) Fagaitua and 6) Aua. The instructions for the activity were as follows: 1) Design a marine managed area in their selected village including a no-take portion and draw the boundaries on a map. 2) Write four management actions for their marine managed area. 3) Answer the following three questions: i) Why did you choose the boundaries in the location and of the size that you did? ii) How will the people in the village benefit from this? iii) How will the marine resources benefit? Each group was asked to pick two presenters: one for presenting the MPA design, boundaries and management actions, and the other for answering the three questions. Descriptions of the MPAs that were designed can be found below along with photographs of the groups marine managed areas. Group 1 The first group to present was the Fagaitua Group. They designed a CFMP directly in front of Fagaitua High School and their NoTake MPA was east of the CFMP. Both extended three miles out and their No-Take was for ten years. Both MPAs were between the villages of Utusia and Pagai and the two MPAs were separated by a va. An va is a channel or gap in the coral reefs that allows transportation of organisms, water, nutrients and people in and out of the reef flat or lagoon. They chose this area because they want to protect the fish stocks and marine resources for the village and the island in order that there will be enough supply of fish in the future.
Figure 2 MPA designed by Group 1 who had Fagaitua as their village for this activity.

Group 2 The second group was the village of Aua. This group only designed a notake MPA. Their no-take was directly in front of the village of Aua and they wanted to include 50 feet of the wetland and half a mile of the reef. Their plan was to protect the area for 5 years.

Figure 3. MPA designed by Group 2 in Aua.

Group 3 The third group was the village of Nuuuli. This group wanted to have their no-take at the tip of the airport in the Pala Lagoon. Their plan was to protect this area for ten years and they mentioned that many problems have been caused by filling the Pala Lagoon area for development.

Figure 4. MPA designed by Group 3 in Nuuuli

Group 4 The fourth group was the village of Leone. They chose to have a CFMP in front of the village and a No-Take MPA south of the CFMP. They planned to have a no-take area to protect marine resources and to have no fishing regulations in that area. They selected DMWR to monitor it, conduct village clean ups, manage the area and to protect resources from outsiders.
Figure 5. MPA designed by Group 4 in Leone.

Group 5 The fifth group was the village of Fagasa. They wanted to have a no-take in front of the village to protect marine resources such as octopus, fish and a Samoan Native Tree Futu or Barringtonia asiatica. The Futu is a tree that grows near the coastline. Some villages already use the Futu Tree as an ornamental, and it also produces excellent shade when it is mature.

Barringtonia asiatica (Futu) Figure 6. MPA designed by Group 5 in Fagasa.

Group 6 The last group was the village of Tula. They decided to have their no-take MPA at the tip of the village of Tula, southeast of American Samoa and next to the NOAA Weather Station where the Cape of Mattula is. The group chose to have their MPA extending three miles out on the north shore of Tula (between the villages of Onenoa and Alao).

Figure 7. MPA designed by Group 6 in Tula.

Group 6 chose this area because they want to protect one of the coral reef banks in the area that very few people know about and also to protect a lot of marine resources. The Mayor also mentioned that when he goes spear fishing in the area, he has noticed that there is a cold hole northeast of the area.

Results of Pre and Post tests

All participants were asked to complete a short questionnaire which had five questions before and after the workshop in order to attempt to assess their learning. Thirty seven people completed the pre-questionnaire and 26 completed the post questionnaire. A copy of the questionnaire can be found in Appendix III. The results of the pre and post test are below.
Figure 8 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe a MPA before and after the workshop. Option A was Fish habitats approved for all types of fishing; option B was Any area of the marine environment reserved to protect the natural resources therein; and option C was An area designated for performing traditional Samoan Cultural Activities.

More people selected B which is the right answer, after the workshop. Respondents selecting option A decreased from 14% before the workshop to 8% afterwards. Those selecting option B (the correct answer) increased from 78% before the workshop to 88% after and those selecting option C increased from 11% before to 15% afterwards.
Figure 9 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe examples of NoTake MPAs in American Samoa before and after the workshop. Option A was Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary; option B was Rose Atoll National Marine Monument; and option C was Fagamalo MPA.

The majority of respondents selected option A before the workshop (76%) which reduced to 50% after the workshop. Twenty four percent of respondents selected B before which increased to 35% afterwards. The most common response after the workshop was C with 62 % of the respondents selecting option C. Respondents could select more than one answer for this question which is why the totals add up to more than 100 percent. It is reassuring that 30% of the Mayors learnt about Fagamalo no-take area from listening to the presentation but it is unfortunate that 40 percent of them did not take home the message of Fagamalos No-take area to their villages. Similarly, although 25 percent of the Mayors had understood that Fagatele National Marine Sanctuary is not actually a no10

take area, 50 percent of the Mayors still believed that it was at the end of the workshop. It is not realistic to expect every single participant to listen to and understand every single thing that is said throughout the workshop and the MPA Program staff are reassured that at least some of their messages were taken home by some of the participants.
Figure 10 Percentage of participants that selected different options to answer the percentage of its coral reefs that American Samoa plans to protect inside notake MPAs before and after the workshop. Option A was 10 %; option B was 20%; and option C was 30%.

The majority of respondents answered 30 percent before the workshop (57%) whereas 81 percent of respondents answered 20 percent (the correct answer) after the workshop. This shows that the majority of the Mayors had taken home the correct message from the presentation and were aware of the territorial target.
Figure 11 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what Spill over means. Option A was The very high tide that happens at the full moon; option B was Term given to extra fish caught by long liners; and option C was Term given to fish moving outside a no-take MPA.

The majority of respondents had the correct answer before the workshop (76%) although there was a slight increase to 85 percent after the workshop.

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Figure 12 Percentage of participants that selected different options to describe what a Coral is. Option A was A plant; option B was An animal; and option C was Both.

The most commonly given response was option C before (46 percent) and after the workshop (46 percent). The correct answer was option B but the number of Mayors selecting this option actually reduced after the workshop (from 38 percent to 31 percent). This suggests that perhaps it had not been clear to the Mayors during the Coral Reef presentation that corals are in fact animals that depend on single celled plants for food rather than a combination of the two.

Evaluation Results.
A series of five straight forward questions were on the evaluation (Appendix V). The results were as follow: 1) Ninety seven percent said the presentations were clear and they were able to understand them 2) When asked to select their favorite topic, 69 percent said the MPA talk; 34 percent chose the coral reef talk; 28 percent selected the MPA design activity and 17 percent preferred the climate change talk. 3) Ninety seven thought the presenters were knowledgeable. 4) Ninety three percent enjoyed the opportunity and would like to have more similar ones (two said no) 5) Eighty six percent said fishing is a popular activity in their village (3 people said no) These results imply that the workshop was successful in engaging the Mayors and keeping them motivated. The fact that so many would like to have similar workshops suggests that there is a real passion to conserve marine resources amongst the leaders in the communities, particularly given that fishing is such a popular activity in the Samoan culture. It is also interesting that the majority of people liked the first talk the most and also seemed to learn the most from this talk (according the pre and post test results). It could be that they preferred the topic or the presenter or it could also be that this was the first presentation of the day. It is therefore recommended for future workshops to have the most important messages presented early in the day.

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Overall Discussion and Recommendations.

Overall, this workshop was a highly successful example of collaboration between the DMWR and the Office of Samoan Affairs. The Office of Samoan Affairs plays a very important role in American Samoa by providing a link between the Government and the communities. Each village in American Samoa has an elected Mayor who acts as a liaison between the Government and the villages helping to take Government programs out into the villages. For this reason, it is important to ensure that these Mayors are fully informed about marine conservation issues and about measures that are being taken by DMWR to protect marine and coastal resources. The no-take MPA Program has been set up in an attempt to meet a target that was set by the former Governor of American Samoa. However, in spite of the twenty percent no-take target being set by Government, it is still necessary to gain buy-in and commitment from village leaders in order for the program to be successfully implemented. For this reason, it was important to ensure that the Mayors had a basic level of understanding regarding coral reefs, climate change issues and MPAs. It was anticipated that the Mayors would appreciate being given this information and that understanding these issues would help them to promote conservation to the villages. From the results of the pre and post questionnaire and the evaluation, it was obvious that the Mayors had enjoyed the initial MPA talk about the No-take Program the most. It is not clear why this talk was a favorite, but as there was a lot of information being disseminated in one day, it would have been hard for them to keep focused on all talks. However, it is recommended that Mayors are invited to other workshops focusing on the topics separately. Additional topics that could be of interest to the Mayors are fisheries, coastal restoration and aquaculture. The MPA design activity generated a lot of excitement amongst the participants and took longer than anticipated due to the reporting back by groups taking longer than expected and the large number of questions from the audience. It was a pleasure to see that the Mayors participated with so much enthusiasm and interest in this activity. One recommendation is that the No-take Program could approach some of these villages through the Mayors that were present in the workshop and have them lead a similar activity with the members of their community. Nobody knows the resources and coastal areas in these villages better than the people that live there, and for this reason it makes sense to have the communities suggest MPA designs based on recommendations from scientists. In addition, by having the Mayor as the spokesperson for these activities, it might make the Program more readily accepted by the communities rather than being introduced cold by Government staff. It is recommended that a similar workshop be repeated with the Community Mayors every three years. This is partly because village Mayors change each year (although the same Mayor may be re-elected) but also to refresh their memories and provide updates to the information. In addition to this, similar workshops are recommended with the Fono or traditional Samoan Government. At the time of completing this report, a workshop is in the planning for the members of the Fono in 2012.

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Appendix I: Workshop Agenda

NoNo-take Marine Protected Area Workshop Friday 15th October 2010 Agenda 9.00 am Welcome remarks Introduction and objectives of workshop 9.30 am noPresentation: The no-take MPA program Tafito Aitaoto Lucy Wiles Tafito Aitaoto Sione Lam Yuen 10.30 am 10.50 am 11.00 am 12.00 pm 1.00 pm Coffee break and questions Presentation: Presentation: Creating a MPA network Activity: MPA design in a village LUNCH Presentation: Presentation: Fagamalo Case Study Lucy Wiles and HTC Faletogo Tuilagi Sione Lam-Yuen Sione Lam-Yuen Tafito Aitaoto Lucy Wiles Maria Vaofanua

1.30 pm 2.00 pm 2.15 pm

Presentation: Coral reefs of American Samoa Coffee break and Population Pressure video MPAs Presentation: How can MPAs address natural and human threats? Question and answer opportunity Closing remarks

2:45 pm 3:00 pm

Tafito Aitaoto and Lucy Wiles

Thank you for your time and patience in attending this event.

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Appendix II: Summary of Questions and Answers

A summary of questions and issues raised during the Mayors workshop on 15th October 2010 A summary of issues and topics as well as questions that were asked during the workshop. Q = Question A = Answer I = Issue Q: What is the difference between a no-take MPA and a CFMP A: Length of time that the area will be closed to fishing of all sorts. I: The village of Amanave had a CFMP established. It is one of the regulations for the site to be prohibited from fishing of any type. As a consequence of such regulation, Amanave villagers are fishing inside of Failolo waters without obtaining permission from the Failolo mayor. The Failolo mayor as well as village members are complaining about this issue and are asking what DMWR can do to assist in resolving this matter. A: Such an issue can be settled at the village to village level with an agreement from both village chiefs. The assistance that DMWR can offer is to have Failolo and Agugulu join in one of its MPA programs. Establishing a marine protected area implies that the regulations apply to everyone. For instance, when an area is closed to any type of fishing, the villagers as well as the public shall abide to such rule. When the area is re-opened, the villagers and the public can have access to the marine resources in the area. I: Explain the difference between the no-take MPA Program and the CZM Program by DOC regarding ocean jurisdictions. The CZM program states that the public can have access to the marine resources within the 0-12 miles range. Having a no-take MPA will disqualify the publics right granted by the CZM program. Please explain. A: We cannot speak on behalf of the CZM program and its regulations. But one thing one should be aware of in terms of the difference between the two is that if one violates the regulations set forth by the CZM/ DOC programs, he/she will be tried at a Federal court. The no-take MPA program may employ regulations of the CFMP program and amend them as necessary whereby violators will be tried at the local courts. I: Does the quality of water affect the fish and corals in the marine environment? How does change in salinity affects the marine resources? A: Poor water quality can negatively affect the marine environment and its inhabitants. Dramatic increase or decrease in salinity can affect fish and corals since a certain level of salinity is necessary for their survival. Q: Can establishing a no-take MPA restore the marine resources that have been lost or reduced in size and number ( tugage, fee po that crawls on mangroves at night)? A: One of the main reasons for having no-take MPAs is to let the areas restore their natural balance and enables the fish to grow and reproduce. This topic will be covered in the presentations scheduled for today. Q: I am the mayor for the village of Aua. It was mentioned that my village had joined the CFMP program. How come I am not aware of such activity? Who is your point of contact? 15

A: Since the Mayors position changes over a two year time period, the CFMP for Aua was established when the previous mayor was in charge. Some of the village chiefs are the points of contact. Q: Can your program provide boats to monitor the coastal areas? A: The DMWR Enforcement Division have a boat to assist Q: Malaeloa does not have an ocean, but there is a resource that the villagers depend upon in the past and it still exists to this date. I wonder if there is a program like MPA that will protect and conserve this important resource. (The resource mentioned is the eel) A: This question was referred to Lainie Berry. as it fits with the Wildlife division.

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Appendix III: Pre and Post Questionnaire

Marine Protected Area (MPA) Program

Pre / Post test

PLEASE FILL THE FORM AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER. Name (optional) __________________________________ Village (optional) _________________________________ 1. What is a Marine Protected Area (MPA)? (pick one only) a. Fish habitats approved for all types of fishing b. Any area of the marine environment reserved to protect the natural resources therein c. An area designated for performing traditional Samoan cultural activities

2. Examples of no-take MPAs in American Samoa include (tick as many as you want) a. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary b. Rose Atoll National Marine Monument c. Fagamalo MPA

3. American Samoa plans to protect _% of its coral reefs inside no-take MPAs (tick one). a. 10% b. 20% c. 30%

4. Spill-over means (tick one): a. The very high tide that happens at full moon 5. Coral is (tick one): a. A plant b. An animal c. Both b. Term given to extra fish caught by longliners c. Term given to fish moving outside a notake MPA

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Appendix IV: Evaluation Form

Marine Protected Area (MPA) Program

Evaluation form
PLEASE FILL THE FORM AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER. Name (optional) __________________________________ Village (optional) _________________________________ 1. The presentations were clear and I was able to understand them a. Agree b. Disagree c. Neither

2. My favourite topic was (you can tick more than one): a. MPA talk b. Coral reef talk b. Disagree c. Climate change talk d. The activity

3. The presenter was knowledgeable on the content of the presentation a. Agree c. Neither

4. I enjoyed this opportunity & would like to have more similar opportunities. a. Agree b. Disagree 5. Is fishing a popular activity in your village? Yes Yes No 6. Do you think your village would consider establishing a no-take MPA No Dont know c. Neither

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Appendix V - Presentations
Presentation 1:Introduction to the no-take MPA Program.

The Marine Protected Area Program

Friday15October,2010 TradI ewindsHotel I

Fonotaga No-takeMPAWorkshop Friday15October,2010

I EDUCAT ON

B OLOG CAL

SOC OECONOM C

OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP

1. Explain what Marine Protected Areas are and how they work 2.Provide information and background about the No-take MPA Program 3. Provide information about coral reefs, threats to reefs and management ideas 4. Give you opportunity to ask questions to us about issues relating to marine protected areas 5. Strengthen the relationship between DMWR r r and the Office of SaImoan Affairs I I I B OLOG CAL SOC OECONOM C EDUCAT ON

Background
In 2000 Late Governor Sunia proposed that:

We protect 20% of our coral reefs {and associated habitats} inside no-take MPAs

NO-TAKE MPA INFOMERCIAL

1) Protect coral reef habitat and enhance fish/invertebrate stocks of target species.

2) Assist efforts to meet 20% no-take target

I I B OLOG CAL

I I SOC OECONOM C

I EDUCAT ON

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ESTABLISHMENT OF MPA PROGRAM IN DMWR

Faasao o loo i totonu o Tutuila

National Park N

Pago Pago Harbour

Nuuuli Pala Leone Pala Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Gataifale faasao i totonu o nuu ma Afioaga o Tutuila

O a ituaiga faasao o loo i

totonu o Amerika Samoa?
Fagamalo Poloa

Vatia

Masausi

Sailele

Aoa

Aua Matuu & Faganeanea

Auto & Amaua

Alofau

Amanave

Alega Reserve

E tele ituaiga Faasao i Amerika Samoa

O Lea le Faasao Tumau?

National Marine Sanctuary

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OlealeFaasaoTumau?
O le ituaiga faasao e faasaina ai soo se ituaiga fagotaga E faatagaina ia nisi o gaoioiga e iai le auau, tofu e fai suesuega E faamoemoe taunuuga lelei i le lagolago sua ma galulue faatasi le Matagaluega o Alamanuia o le Sami ma le Vaomatua ma tagata nuu

Aisea e taua ai ia lapopoa?

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Aisea e fai ai le Faasao Tumau?

O le Faasao Tumau
O se nofoaga puipuia e faigofie ona fananau ai ia = tele ia
(Abundance)

Laea Laititi

Laiti ia e maua mai ai

Laea Lapoa

Tele ia e maua mai ai

Aisea e fai ai le Faasao Tumau?

O le Faasao Tumau Nofoaga puipuia mo ia = ia lapopoa
(Increased Biomass)

O le a le mea a tupu pe afai o le a tele ia ia lapopoa i totonu o le faasao?

SPILLOVER

Ma rine Reserve Area

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O le faatulagaina o se Faasao Tumau

Nofoaga fananau

Nofoaga e aai ai

Nofoaga e olaola ae ai

O le a avea lenei faasao e fai ma ala e faatamaoaiga ai o tatou aau amu

Collect BIOLOGICAL data

Collect SOCIOECONOMIC data

Make JOINT DECISIONS

Carry out EDUCATION and AWARENESS PROGRAMS

Science and Management

Oceanographic Studies Monitoring of fish/invertebrates and coral reef Joint terrestrial and coastal management projects

TheDMWR/CommunityProcess PRESENT BIOLOGICAL RESTULTS AND PROGRAM INFORMATION TO COMMUNITIES

Gain permission from office of Samoan Affairs and village

Village based surveys (e.g. workshop / household survey)

Present all results to village council

Village decision-making process

Details to be arranged: e.g. boundaries, enforcement, monitoring.

EducationandOutreach
Advertise MPAs and fishing regulation. Outreach programs for the village Other opportunities (DMWR has funding for an exchange visit to MPAs in Samoa).

MAP OF POTENTIAL MPA SITES CREATED FROM MEETINGS AND LITERATURE REVIEW

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Summarydatafrombiologicalreconnaissancedives
Number of fish species in Tutuila

Investigation into Marine Resource Use and Management in Aunuu, American Samoa
A Community Survey

Abundance of fish in Tutuila

Percentag e o f Hou seho ld s

Rea sons for fishing in Aunu'u

120 97 100 80 60 40 19 20 0 Food Money Recreation 31

Reason

Summarydatafrombiologicalreconnaissancedives
Coral Cover at Potential MPA Locations

ParticipatoryLearningandActionworkshop Collective Vision Resource Mapping - Use and Activities Action Plan and Next Steps

Socioeconomic Work

EDUCATIONANDAWARENESSRAISING

60 % of all fishermen interviewed stated that reef fish have declined since they were young The most common recommendation was having a marine protected area

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MARINE RESOURCE USE AND MANAGEMENT IN AMERICAN SAMOA (2008)

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EducationandOutreach

Fesili?

Contact info:
The No-take MPA Program Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources P.O. Box 3730 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Tel: +(684) 633-4456 Fax: +(684) 633-5944 Email: lucyjacob.mpa@gmail.com

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Presentation 2. Creating a MPA Network

What is a network of MPAs?

There are different types of network

1)Social Network

Networks of people involved in MPA Management (Community members, Government staff, private individuals)

Fonotaga No-take MPA Workshop Friday 15 October, 2010

There are different types of network

2. Ecological Network

HowistheMPAProgramcreatinganecologicalnetwork? DMWR/EPA projects are investigating ocean currents

Biology Habitat Oceanography All habitats present should be represented

ys

ADCP surve

HowistheMPAProgramcreatinganecologicalnetwork?

COASTAL CIRCULATION MODEL

OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA

LARGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MPA NETWORK DESIGN!!

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Eddies recirculate and capture larvae

Prevailing Currents

HowistheMPAProgramcreatinganetwork?
A DMWR project is investigating genetic connectivity

Habitat Representation

Conclusion
Connectivity is a very important aspect to MPA Network design

Sand flats

Cor a Reeff Sope Corall Ree Sllope

It is important to protect the right places! Different habitats must be represented DMWR/EPA are carrying out projects that can help with network design.

Mangrove

Reef flat

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Presentation 3 The creation of a No-take MPA in Fagamalo.

Creation of a No-take MPA in Fagamalos Marine Managed Area

HISTORY OF MPA DEVELOPMENT

Pre2008 Fagamalo - active in the CFMP for more than 5 years October2008March2009 Fishery Workshop in Utulei DMWR meeting (science, history & enforcement issues) No-take MPA outreach in Fagamalo

Fonotaga No-take MPA Workshop Friday 15 October, 2010

(MPAs in American Samoa; definition of no-take MPA;long term benefits for fishing/community/education)

HISTORY OF MPA DEVELOPMENT

continued.

September2009October2010 Discussions of boundary/habitat options Presentation to Community Signing of agreement by Fagamalo village and DMWR. Proposed boundaries advertised. Discussions with Aolaou village and revision of boundaries.

Faatulagaina o se Gataifale Faasao

Meetings held in September to December 2009.

Aggregate reef

Pavement

Rubble

CFMP location in Fagamalo

Legend
Bathymetry (depth)
160 Legend - 250m 12 y bathymetr0 - 160m
160 - 250m 80 - 120m 120 - 160m 80 - 120m 40 - 80m 20 - 40m 0 - 20m

0 125 250 500 Meters

Approx area: 0.15mi2, Boundary: shore to 200yds Regulation: No-take for 5 years in Bay Depth: 0 66ft Habitat Coral reef & volcanic pavement.

Information derived from IKONOS satellite imagery (NOAA biogeography team)

0 250 500 1,000 Meters

40 - 80m 20 - 40m 0 - 20m

250 500

1,000 Meters

Habitat categories
Aoloau

Fagamalo Aoloau

Aggregate Reef, Coral, 10%-<50% Aggregate Reef, Coralline Algae, 50%-<90% Pavement, Coral, 10%-<50%

Fagamalo

Pavement, Coralline Algae, 50%-<90% Rock/Boulder, Coral, 10%-<50% Rubble, Coralline Algae, 10%-<50%

Maloata

Rubble, Macroalgae, 10%-<50% Spur and Groove, Coral, 50%-<90%

Maloata

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OriginalCollaborative Scenario
Depth Range:0-97 ft

Area included: 1.4mi2 Includes: three depth ranges

0 250 500 1,000 Meters

Aoloau Fagamalo Maloata

Predominantly pavement including some variety of coral reef/rubble/ macroalgae Portion of Bank

Excellent size for MPA Includes part of important bank Less coastline impact to fishing activities

Benefits of no-take design Good size to protect fish, (range of habitat/depth ranges & includes bank) The spill-over and larval transport will benefit Fagamalo, Aoloau (& possibly others) The MPA will contribute towards meeting the 20% target. The design is balanced for fishers and resources.

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Presentations 4 and 5: Coral reefs in American Samoa and How can MPAs address natural and human threats?

Mataupu
The Coral Reefs of American Samoa O Aau amu o Amerika Samoa
What is coral? How does coral feed? Types and uses of coral reefs Threats to reefs Balance on the reef Conclusions Questions

Fonotaga No-take MPA Workshop Friday 15 October, 2010

O le a le amu?

O fea e maua ai meaai a amu?

A colonial living animal (Polyp) Contains an Algae called Zooxanthellae

What is a Zooxanthellae?
Zooxanthellae provides energy for the coral to grow It also provides the coloration of the Coral.

O nisi meaola e maua ai le limu/zooxanthelllae

Giant Clams

Sea Anemones

Photos by Doug Fenner and Lucy Jacob

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O ituaiga Amu

O Aau eseese

American Samoa

Solomon Islands

Hard Coral

Soft Coral
Rose Atoll

O Amu i Amerika Samoa

Aisea e taua ai Aau?

Mushroom

Massive or Boulder

Branching

Hiding Grounds from Predators

Slows Down Strong Wave Actions

Fish & Invertebrate Habitats

Provide Food for Families, Villages and Communities Bush Like Table Soft Feeding and breeding grounds for Fish

Natural & Human Threats

NATURAL
Bleaching

What is Coral Bleaching?

Coral Bleaching is the term given to mass whitening of the reef. This happens when the coral is stressed and it expels the zooxanthellae algae. The cause of mass bleaching is increase in water temperature.

Storms

Tsunami

HUMAN

Pollution

Destructive Fishing Method

Overfishing

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Corals can bleach for other reasons

DISEASE SEDIMENTATION POLLUTION

Tulaga lelei o le Gataifale

Faaiuga
Coral reefs are living animals Zooxanthellae is very important because it provides food and energy for corals. Without it corals can die Many fish and invertebrates cannot survive without the coral reef Reefs are also important because they help to slow down wave action from hurricanes and storm surge Our reefs are threatened by many human and natural threats and it very important that we do our best to protect them

Fesili?

Mataupu O Faasao tau Gataifale e fesoasoani e foia ai faafitauli

1. O suiga o le tau 2. O aafiaga i Aau 3. Otaota mai Laufanua 4. Aafiaga o amu 5. O le faaleagaina o aau e ala i Fagotaga 6. O se fesoasoani e ala i le faatulagaina o se faasao

Fonotaga No-take MPA Workshop Friday 15 October, 2010

31

O Faafitauli i Aau amu o Amerika Samoa

1. Suiga i le tau a le lalolagi 2. Otaota mai laufanua 3. Fagotaga

O faatinoga o loo sui ai le tau a le Lalolagi

Photos by: Risa Oram

Suiga i le tau ma le siisii o le suatai i le Lalolagi

Suiga i le Tau a le Lalolagi

Faafitauli i Aau o Amerika Samoa

GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASE & CARBON DIOXIDE

Severe weather/ Storm surge

Ocean acidification

Increase sea temperature

Erosion, sed imen ta tion ,

Slow down/prevent growth of coral & other carbonate ba sed marine animals.

Coral bleaching

GLOBAL SEA LEVEL RISE

Key Threats to American Samoas Coral Reefs

Otaota mai Laufanua

Otaota mai maota/laoa Otaota mai loiloi

1. Suiga o le tau i le Lalolagi 2. Otaota mai Laufanua 3. Fagotaga

Otaota lafoai

Photos by: Risa Oram

Photos by: EPA

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O faatinoga i luga o laufanua e ono aafia ai le Gataifale

Agriculture, Piggeries, Sewage, Trash

SEDIMENTATION

Contaminant & excess nutrients in water

Destruction of Marine resources

Slide: NOAA PIRO

Otaota mai Laufanua

Faafitauli i Aau o Amerika Samoa

Key Threats to American Samoas Coral Reefs

Otaota le sami

SEDIMENTATION

EXCESS NUTRIENTS

1. Suiga i le tau a le Lalolagi 2. Otaota mai Laufanua 3. Fagotaga

INJURY/DEATH OF ANIMALS, HEALTH RISK

STRESSED/DISE ASED/DEAD CORALS

ALGAL GROW TH/ DEATH OF CORAL/ CHANGE FISH POPULATIONS

Photos by: Risa Oram

Faafitauli mai Fagotaga

O le aoga o Faasao e foia ai faafitauli

Fagotaga le taupulea Faaleagaina o amu Soona fagota Taula o vaa

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O le faatapulaaina o fagotaga e fesoasoani i le faaleleia o le gataifale

E toe foi le gataifale i lona tulaga lelei pe a taofia fagotaga le taupulea O mafai ona foia faafitauli e pei o faamai tau amu ma aafiaga mai suiga o le tau pe a fai e tulaga lelei le gataifale.

O se fesoasoani a le Porokalama o le Faasao e tusa o faaletonu mai Laufanua Galulue faatasi Aoaoga ma Fetufaaiga Faatalosagaina o ni vaega tupe mo galuega tau vaomatua

Faaiuga
E faigata ona tatou tali atu i suiga o le tau i le lalolagi E ao ona tatou puipui i o tatou gataifale E mafai ona tatou puipuia le gataifale mai otaota mai laufanua O Faasao tumau tau Gataifale e mafai ai ona puipuia le gataifale mai faafitauli e tele O le Galulue faatasi e puipuia ai le gataifale ma mania ai le lumanai

Fesili?

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Appendix IV: Photos from Workshop

Tafito Aitaoto Discussing the L50 poster Late Honorable Secretary Tufele Liamatua attending the meeting

Afa Uikirifi from CFMP answering a question

Lusila Minoneti facilitating a group

Enthusiastic Mayors asking questions.

35

Afa Uikirifi facilitating a group

Fatima Sauafea-Leau facilitating a group

Sione Lam Yuen facilitating a group

36

No-take, IED and CFMP Teams

One of few female Mayors.

37

Faletogo Taliloa (HTC of Fagamalo) presenting about Fagamalo No-take area.

38