THE REAL WORLD CHALLENGES AND SMART GRID

S. SANTHOSH Pannai College of Engineering and technology Sivagangai ragansanthosh@gmail.com Mobile: 9994612187

AbstractSmart grid is a hot topic about the future development trend of power grid in recent years, as an important component of smart grid, smart automatic voltage control (AVC) has been given more and more attention. This paper starts with the construction ideas of smart grid, put forward the concept of Smart AVC, and by comparing the Smart AVC system and traditional AVC system, from the building background, technical features, construction process and benefit analysis etc sides described the design concept of Smart AVC. Keywords- smart grid; smart automatic voltage control (Smart AVC); construction conditions; construction background; benefit analysis I. INTRODUCTION At present, the smart grid has got a high degree of attention. Europe and the United States regard the smart grid as a key component of its national strategy. The State Grid Corporation also brings up a "strong smart grid" concept, and proposes the three-step strategic planning which will be fully completed by 2020. As one of the construction of smart grid Smart AVC is also faced with the needs of building simultaneously with the smart grid. From a macro point of view, smart grid is used to be solve the current and even the entire power system problems; the Smart AVC is to resolve the problems that are not involved in the traditional AVC system and in the future must be involved. Traditional AVC system is mainly to solve voltage passing rate, reduce the grid loss rate, and reduce the movement numbers of the power transformer tap switch, capacitor and reactor equipment effectively. Although the Traditional AVC system can do automatic voltage regulation, but the adjustment process is often too extensive, did not fully achieve the fundamental requirements of reactive power locally, layered balance, and has powerlessness for the

phenomenon of reactive power compensation site selection inappropriate and inaccurate capacity. For the distribution side of the reactive power compensation has not centralized control yet, and the informationsharing among the AVC system, the plant and the station need to be strengthen. II. FROM SMART GRID TO SMART AVC A. The Development Trend of the Smart Grid: So far there is no uniform definition of smart grid. Although the contents of the smart grid not yet been determined. However, the smart grid should have the following technical features: 1) Interactive: Interact with the user intelligently to encourage the user participate in network security management. 2) Compatible: Support for renewable energy rightly and reasonable access, adapt to distributed generation and micro power grid access, so that to meet the harmonious development among electricity natural environment and socio-economic. 3) Self-healing: No matter what an accident happens, smart grid can predict and respond to the failure of the system. 4) Integration: Achieving a high degree of integration and sharing of the electricity network, having a unified platform and models, and to achieve standardization and meticulous management. 5) Optimization: Provide a variety of different quality of power on demand to achieve asset optimization, lowering operating costs and increasing operational efficiency. As AVC system considered in power system voltage the net loss and the service life, and because of its advanced technology, reliable operation, obvious benefits, it has been widely used. No doubt,

AVC as an important component of smart grid also faced with the simultaneous construction tasks with smart grid, Or say that the building of Smart AVC system is a response to the development trend of smart grid, and also the necessary development requirement of reactive power and voltage control technology. B. Reactive Power and Voltage Control Situation in China 1) Irrational distribution of reactive power compensation: As the long-term implementation of Power Factor Adjustment tariff measures, Long-term use of traditional surge in planning phase modulation compensation grid capacity, long-term use of the existing substations of different voltage levels of reactive power compensation device design requirements, resulting in reactive power compensation is serious unreasonable layout. 2) Voltage-controlled structure is irrational: In ensuring the power grid voltage qualification and reducing the power grid voltage losses, the traditional AVC system has played a significant role. However, we know the voltage has always been throughout the power system, AVC system effects only on the transmission side is not enough to satisfy people's pursuit of power efficient and optimal operation. The reactive power and voltage power of distribution automation is relatively weak. 3) Voltage-controlled interactive unreasonable: Loss reduction and Voltage quality goals are not unified, reactive regulation disharmony. From power generation to the electricity grid is an organic whole, only if all aspects coordination and information interaction it can change from shift power to the smart grid. With the development of the grid, how to ensure the safety of a variety of distributed power, reliable access to power grid, is not reflected in the traditional voltage control. C. Construction Conditions of Smart AVC 1) The hardware equipment level a) In recent years, construction of power grid, modification of rural power grids, the increased levels of automation equipment, power grids management is also getting higher and higher, they are all lay a solid foundation for Smart AVC building. b) Thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC), Static Var Compensator (SVC), FACTS and smart meters have been applied. c) From the network construction devices point of view, today, the reliability of the electrical equipment

has greatly improved, equipment life, and the maintenance-free level has greatly increased. 2) The research ideas level a) For optimal operation of automatic control reactive power and voltage studies, both in theoretical research and practical application, it has possessed the conditions for the development of Smart AVC. b) Power staff has got a new understanding for the importance of reactive power and voltage control. Bringing Smart AVC into effect is pursuit of all us. III. FROM TRADITIONAL AVC TO SMART AVC As we all know, over the past decade, many the dispatch centers of electric power sector equipped with AVC system software. However, the function of this system is relatively simple, it is often become one software module of the power system high-level application, if it wants to meet the building requirements of the smart grid, there are many different requirements for the synchronize construction of the Smart AVC. The first is the different control objectives. Some of the traditional AVC control objectives are from the economic point of view, taking the system active power loss minimization as the objective function; some from a security point of view, increasing the voltage stability margin as the objective function; and some take several factors into account, constituting a multi-objective function. When the power grid during normal operation, the traditional AVC is able to produce certain effect compliance in reducing the net loss and ensure the voltage. The Second is the different control targets. Traditional AVC reach regulating voltage power purposes by controlling the generator reactive power, transformer tap positions and capacitor switching reactor to achieve the control of reactive power flows. For the traditional power grid, through the regulation of the above three kinds of control objects can control the grid voltage and power loss to achieve macro-regulation. On the basis of preserve traditional AVC voltage macro-regulation to the power grid, through control of the controlled series compensation (TCSC), Static Var Compensator (SVC), the flexible power transmission device and the user side of smart meters, Smart AVC not only can do fine, fast control that traditional control object cannot do, but can also start from the power terminal, namely, the grid voltage regulation, and thus truly reach grid voltage macro-and micro co-regulation, coordination and control. Then there is the different control range. Voltage control work throughout generation, transmission, distribution of the power

system and use of electricity and other links. Many years of development, traditional AVC system has made a significant contribution to ensure security, the economy in power generation and transmission links of the grid. Smart AVC system is composed of power plant side, the transmission side and distribution side and user subsystem composition side, making the control, analysis and self-feedback features highly integrated, modular, systematic, forming an integral AVC system reflecting the contemporary characteristics of the grid. IV. TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SMART AVC Building Smart AVC, its concepts of technical features can be: structure systematic, analysis refinement, control intelligent and interactive harmonization. . A. Structure Systematic Smart AVC system is composed of power plant side, the transmission side and distribution side and user side modules, it make control analysis and self-feedback features highly integrated, modular, systematic, forming a full AVC system that reflects the contemporary characteristics of the future grid. 1) At plant side, Smart AVC control the system voltage regulation from the source, and change voltage from passive adapt to active control. 2) At transmission side, Smart AVC equips subsystems in intelligent dispatch center, centralized control stations and substations, distributed control power system voltage regulation at all levels. According to the system operation mode and the system change of communication means, Smart AVC determine the concentration or decentralized control. 3) At distribution side, Smart AVC installs in distribution station, it play a great role in ensuring the economic security of grid operation and the voltage quality of the user side, and this is building focus. 4) At user side, Smart AVC monitor and analysis the user load and the actual electricity, provide the basis for implement TOU and differences in price which upon voltage quality. B. Analysis Refinement Power grid changes frequently, regular and irregular operation schemes co-exist, only keep abreast real-time operating state of the power grid, and precise analysis of operating information, then it can be done with confidence and being prepared more efficiently.

1) Designing interfaces following the IEC61970 standard and meeting the Common Information Model (CIM) as the standard grid data import, export technology, achieving the unified digital in plant stations and Smart AVC system. 2) When power grid is during normal operation, according to real-time grid status, Smart AVC builds a comprehensive calculation and analysis platform for power grid operation, so as to ensure power grid security, and stable operation. 3) When power grid is during accident event, and resulting in grid operation mode changes, the system can automatically adjust algorithm structure according to the changes in network for self-adaptive. In accordance with the incident type, the system can give cause of the accident and the measures that power grid should take, so as to restore power supply in the shortest time. C. Intelligent Control The traditional reactive power and voltage control (AVC) has achieved automation functions. Smart AVC should make a breakthrough on control system, control objectives, control strategy and control of target groups, so that to deal with the challenges that smart grid will have to face. 1) Control system is a carrier of intelligent controlled substances. It consists of generation, transmission, distribution and user constitute, this four control links coordinate to each other. 2) Control objectives are the inherent pursuit of Smart AVC. It is produces coordination by Voltage security and stability, voltage quality, competent and efficient power grid operation. 3) Control strategy is the core value of intelligent control. It is consisted by normal policy and accident policies. When power grid during normal operation, Smart AVC makes improve voltage stability margin and ensures the voltage quality qualified and efficient operation as control objectives of the grid operation.When the power grid accident, Smart AVC will realize power grid self-healing. 4) Control object is the realization of the smart control. It controls through the TCSC, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and other flexible transmission devices so that improving the traditional control means. D. Harmonize Interaction

Interactive technology is an inherent requirement of Smart AVC, is also the gap in our previous building, through the interaction of system architecture , requirements management and user-oriented services, we will build the harmonious and interactive voltagecontrolled system which has two-way flow of system information, and all kinds of application which work friendly and compatibly. 1) The interaction of system architecture technology is the material basis for interactive-harmonization. Smart AVC control system constituted by the generation, transmission, distribution, and user four subsystems, uses an extensive application of distributed intelligent systems and broadband communication technology to achieve two-way flow of information between all aspects. 2) The interaction of demand management is the technical pursuit of interactive-harmonization. Only if know the actual situation in power grid and the specific needs of power staff, we can make Smart AVC as the interactive media between users and manufacturer. 3) The interaction of the customer service is the essential requirement of interactive-harmonization. To achieve friendly interaction and coordination among powernetwork and user is the content to build smart grid, Smart AVC take system voltage as the main line, integrates system data and erects a bridge connected the three. V. CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT OF SMART AVC A. Fine Analysis: With the complexity and diversification of the power load structure, the analysis and calculation of the power system should be extended from the basic active power flow to the reactive power flow, and should make effective monitoring and analysis until control. B. Voltage Self-Healing: We should gradually promote the use of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC), Static Var Compensator (SVC) and other flexible power transmission devices, TCSC and SVC has a fast response characteristic of the dynamic adjustment, when voltage in some point of the system drops, relying on TCSC, SVC equipments quickly input, the voltage will immediately return to the normal and improve the level of power system stability. C. Power Supply Compatible: With the extensive use of renewable energy, it is difficult to be accessed to the system easily because of its uncontrollable nature, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of its voltage. How to harmoniously access a variety of renewable energy power point in the power system? How to

ensure that hybrid the voltage quality of power supply system? And so on, these will be needed to solve. D. User Interaction: Through economic levers to promote the users care and intervention for the system reactive power, while also allowing users to become the direct beneficiaries. E. AVC on Distribution Grid: Although Traditional AVC system has played a very good role for improving the power grid operation in the transmission side, it delays expand in the distribution side because the backwardness of distribution management and equipment. Prerequisite for building Smart AVC is to speed up the construction of all the weak links, especially the distribution side. VI. ANALYSIS OF SMART AVC BENEFIT 1) Smart AVC controls power grid real-time operation status to detect and eliminate hidden trouble in time, with minimal manual involvement to avoid large area blackouts caused by the voltage. 2) Optimizes the allocation of resources, reduces power loss and improve equipment utilization; by scheduling among different regions timely and optimizing the flow of reactive power flow to achieve optimal operation of the entire power system. 3) Supports for distributed powers friendly access, promotes the harmonious development requirements of electricity with natural environment and socioeconomy. 4) Enhances transmission efficiency, reduce operate, maintenance and construct costs, lower grid enterprises overall operating costs. 5) Increases power supply reliability, achieves the interaction with the grid companies and users, and enhances users participating initiative in energy regulation. VII. CONCLUSION At present, energy conservation and emission reduction, green energy, sustainable development have become the focus of attention, State Grid Corporation proposed the development goals of a strong smart grid, which should be with a strong grid-based and information platform as a support to realize the high degree integration of the " power flow, information flow, business flow", and should build a sustainable development power grid system which pierces the power generation, lines, substation, distribution, electricity services, all the links of scheduling and the

full voltage level. Smart AVC is the inevitable result of economic and technological development, and it must be synchronized built with them, Smart AVC described in this paper is only a research idea, the real design

structure and innovative ideas of future Smart AVC still need to be deepened and developed under the continued implementation and applications.

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