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ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITYDEFINITION, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE Environmental science is the study of nature and the facts about environment. Ba sically environment can be defined as all the social, economical, physical & chemical factors that surrounds man (or) all abiotic and biotic components around man -all living and non living things surrounds man. Environment Components can be divided into biotic and abiotic components. According to ancient man the environment was the Panchaboodhas (i.e) air, water, land, sky andenergy. The human were disciples of nature. They were able to prot ect themselves fromharmful one and protect the others. But according to modern m an the env. is only air land andwater. Exploitation of various earth resources t o satisfy the increasing needs of humanpopulation has resulted in 1) depletion o f various resources of earth 2) pollution.Principles of environmental education: Examine the major environmental issues discover the root cause develop problem solving skills promote co-operation in solving problems emphasis active participation in prevention and solution to problems. Scope of environmental science: Studying the interrelationship between the components of env. Carrying out impact analysis and env. Audit Preventing pollution from existing and new industries Stopping the use of biological and nuclear weapons Managing unpredictable disasters etc. Public awareness: Environmental Pollution or problems cannot be solved by mere laws. Public partic ipation isan important aspect which serves the environmental Protection.

Public awareness of environmental Is at infant stage 30-40% of public of developing country are aware of environmental. Problems but theydo not bother about it. Ignorance and incomplete knowledge has lead to misconceptions www.EEENotes.in Environmental Science and Engineering Page 2 of 73Einstein College of Engineering Development and improvement in std. of living has lead to serious environmentald isasters Debate on environmental Issues are treated as anti-developmental Reasons for environmental Ignorance: science, technology and economics failed to integrate the knowledge on environme ntalAspects in curriculum the decision makers do not process environmental Angle of decision making consideration of economic growth, poverty eradication has lead to environmentalD egradation only few developmental activities are made considering the environmental Aspects . Need For Public Awareness: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held at Reo de Jane iro in 1992 (popularly known as Earth Summit) and world summit on sustainable developm ent at Johannesburg in 2002, have highlighted the key issues of global environmental co ncern. Theyhave attracted the attention of people.Any government at its own cann ot achieve the goals of clear environment until the publicparticipate in action. Public participation is possible only when the public is aware about theecologi cal and environmental issues. Eg. Ban- the littering of polythene. Methods to propagate environmental Awareness: 1. Among students through education introducing environmental studies in the curriculum.2. Among public through mass media- environmental programmmes through TV, radio etc.3. Among decision makers , planners, leaders etc. Role of NGOs 1. Advise the government in interacting with ground level people2. Organize publ ic meetings to create environmental awareness Eg. Recent report of centre for science and environment on permissible limits of pesticides incola drinks.Public awareness is needed in the

area1. study of natural resources-conservation and management2. ecology and bio diversity conservation3. environmental Pollution and prevention www.EEENotes.in Environmental Science and Engineering Page 3 of 73Einstein College of Engineering4. social issues related to developmen t and environment5. human population and environment. Concept Of Ecosystem: Living organisms cannot be isolated from their non-living environment because th e laterprovides materials and energy for the survival of the farmer. An ecosyste m is therefore definedas a natural functional ecological unit comprising of livi ng organisms and their non-livingenvironment that interact to form a stable self supporting system .Eg. Pond, lake, desert, grassland, forest, etc.EcosystemsEco logy earnest Haeckal- 1869 derived from oikos home , logy study-deals with the study of organisms in their natural home interacting with t heir surroundings.Ecosystem Tansley (1935) self regulating group of biotic communities of speciesinteracting with one anoth er and with their non-living environment exchanging energy andmatterEcosystem ch aracteristicsStructural features composition and organization of biological communities and abioticcomponents con stitute Structure of EcosystemBiotic structure Plants , animals , microorganisms form biotic components nutritionalbehavior and status in the ecosystem producers or consumers how do they get their food. Structure of Ecosystem 1. Abiotic or non-living components or physical components 2. Biotic or Living components3. Energy components.Abiotic Components:Abiotic co mponents enter the body of living directly or indirectly take part inmetabolic a ctivities and return to environment.Abiotic components are as follows1. Atmosphere The cover of air that envelopes the earth is known as atmosphere. Compostion Nitrogen-78%, oxygen- 2%, other gases- 1%2. Lithosphere or Interior of Earth

 Solid Earth Radius 6371- density -5.53. Hydrosphere 97% earths water is in oceans Fresh water 3%. www.EEENotes.in Environmental Science and Engineering Lecture Notes Environmental Science and Engineering Lecture Notes Download or Print Add To Collection 16.0K READS 33 READCASTS 717 EMBED VIEWS Published by Siva RocKer Follow Search TIP Press Ctrl-F to search anywhere in the document. Sections ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY DEFINITION, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE Environment Components can be divided into biotic and abiotic components Scope of environmental science: Public awareness: Reasons for environmental Ignorance: Need For Public Awareness: Methods to propagate environmental Awareness: Role of NGOs Concept Of Ecosystem: Structure of Ecosystem Functions of Ecosystems Functional Attributes ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM: ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION FOOD CHAIN FOOD WEB: ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS: MAJOR TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS a. FOREST ECOSYSTEM GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM: c. DESERT ECOSYSTEM d.AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM INTRODUCTION TO BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity Hotspots: Significance of Biodiversity: Benefits of biodiversity: Ecological benefits:

Threats to biodiversity: Conservation of biodiversity: Review questions: UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION-DEFINITION:a)AIR POLLUTION: S. No. Pollutant Sources Effects on human b)WATER POLLUTION: C) SOIL POLLUTION:d) MARINE POLLUTION:e) NOISE POLLUTION:f) THERMAL POLLUTION:g) NUCLEAR HAZARDS:- OR RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:POLLUTION CASDE STUDIES:DISASTER MANAGEMENT; FLOOD: EARTHQUAKE: CYCLONE: LANDSLIDES; Review questions UNIT 3:NATURAL RESOURCES Resources FOREST RESOURCES: USES OF FOREST: Ecological uses: OVER EXPLOITATION OF FORESTS: DEFORESTATION: INDIAN STATUS: MAJOR CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION: CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION TIMBER EXTRACTION AND MINING: MINING: DAMS BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS WATER RESOURCES Drought : CONFLICTS OVER WATER MINERAL RESOURCES FOOD RESOURCES: WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS: CHANGES CAUSED BY OVERGRAZING AND AGRICULTURE: Overgrazing: Modern agriculture: Water logging / salinisation: ENERGY RESOURCES Solar energy: Wind energy: Tidal Energy Ocean thermal energy Geothermal energy Biomass energy LAND RESOURCE Land Degradation: Man induced landslides: Soil erosion: ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: UNIT 4:SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT Urban problems related to energy: Water conservation: Rain water harvesting

Watershed management: Resettlement and Rehabilitation of people: Environmental ethics:Green House Effect and Global Warming: Ozone layer depletion: Waste land reclamation: Consumerism and Waste Products Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974: Wildlife [protection] act, 1972: Forest (conservation) Act, 1980 Environmental Legislation Central and state pollution control Board: Enforcement of environmental legislation major issues Review Questions UNIT 5: HUMAN POULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT Population growth: Population explosion: Family welfare programme: Environment and human health: Human rights: Value Education: HIV/AIDS Role Of Information Technology In Environment And Human Health: Application of computers in the field of Environment & human health: FIVE YEARS ANNA UNIVERSITY EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS UNIT 1: ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY UNIT:3 NATURAL RESOURCES Info and Rating Category: School Work > Study Guides, Notes, & Quizzes Rating: Upload Date: 09/02/2011 Copyright: Attribution Non-commercial Tags: Anna universityenvironmental science and engineering Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Flag document for inapproriate content Download and print this document Choose a format to download in .PDF.TXT Download Recommended 121 p. Environ[1]._Studies Yash Verma 157923 Reads 73 p. Environmental Science and Engineering Lecture NOtes Chandrasekhar Prabhakaran 1233 Reads 11 p. 1.3. Structure and Function of Ecosystem Rathnavel Ponnuswami 54848 Reads 23 p. Environmental Science and Engineering Two marks with Answers Siva RocKer

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