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8 heaLth CaRe

Health is not valued till sickness comes. Dr. Thomas Fuller The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest her or his patients in the care of the human frame, in a proper diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease. Thomas A. Edison

VOCabULaRY InPUt
Dealing with this topic you will come across the following vocabulary. Read it and look up the unknown words in your dictionary.
human body: ankle, arm, armpit, back, bottom, (coll. belly), breast, calf, chest, cheek, chin, elbow, eye, eyebrow, eyelashes, eyelid, face, fi nger, foot, forehead, genitals, hair, hand, head, hips, jaws, knee, leg, nail, palm, shin, shoulder, skeleton, skin, stomach, thigh, thumb, toe, tooth, tongue, waist, wrist injuries: bruise, blister, bite, burn, fracture, fall, cut broken, pulled, swollen, twisted, sprained, dislocated, bleeding common illnesses: flu, cold, headache, earache, stomachache, backache, toothache, tonsillitis contagious diseases: jaundice, chicken pox, small pox, mumps, scarlet fever, rabies, SARS, AIDS, bird flu, swine flu civilisation diseases: asthma, diabetes, allergies, migraine, hypertension, heart attack, ulcers, epilepsy respiration diseases: tuberculosis, bronchitis, pneumonia heart and blood circulation diseases: heart attack, hypertension, angina pectoris, anaemia, stroke, arteriosclerosis, leukaemia degenerative diseases: osteoporosis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cancer, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease venereal diseases: AIDS, gonorrhoea, syphilis skin diseases: eczema, atomic eczema, herpes, psoriasis symptoms: high temperature, insomnia, spots, cough, sore throat, high/low blood pressure, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, sweating, pain, vomiting, headache, running nose, sneezing, weight loss (gain), hallucination, cramps, constipation, paleness, nausea causes: stress, hectic lifestyle, insufficient sleep, polluted environment, sedentary work, lack of physical activities, overeating doctors and specialists: GP (general practitioner), dentist, ophthalmologist, paediatrician, physiotherapist, surgeon, plastic surgeon, psychologist, radiologist, virologist, dermatologist, gynaecologist, internist, cardiologist, homoeopath, immunologist, urologist, rheumatologist, obstetrician doctors activities: to examine a patient, to examine a patients chest or throat, to listen to someones breathing or heartbeat, to prescribe some medicine, to operate, to take blood count/throat culture/urine medicaments: painkillers (pain relievers), antibiotics, vitamins, dosage, pills, capsule, tablets, syrup, drops, ointment, cream, powder, spray, injection (AmE: shot), vaccine, infusion, side effects, to overdose pharmacy/chemists , drugstore, pharmacist, prescription healthy way of life: eating fruit/vegetables, wholesome food, lean meat, doing exercises, have sufficient sleep, welladjusted mind, undergo preventive medical check-ups, avoid smoking, stress and alcohol, prevention, vaccination medical care: hospitals (state, private, semi-independent/ward/surgery/doctors office, waiting room), clinics, spas, maternity hospital, mental hospital, old peoples home, nursing home, hospice alternative medicine and treatment: acupuncture, homeopathy, osteopathy, aromatherapy, acupressure fi rst aid kit: thermometer, scissors, gargle, adhesive plasters, pills, drops, pain relievers, bandages, cotton wool, ointment, gauze, vitamins, disinfectants

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DIsCUssIOn QUestIOns
Before reading the text, discuss the following questions in class.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Why should people take care of their health? Do you take care of your health? If so, what exactly do you do? When do you go to see adoctor? What questions do doctors ask their patients? Can you name any medical specialists in English? Which diseases do small children typically get? Which disease/illness do you think is the most serious? Why? What items does a first aid kit contain? Do you believe in alternative medicine (such as acupuncture, homeopathy, aromatherapy, etc.)? 10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using private health care establishments?

teXt
Read the texts below in silence. Check the meaning of the words in bold and answer the questions below.

raising healTh care awareness


More and more people today seem to realise that good health means a longer and a happier life. Therefore, they take better care of their health than before. They eat healthier food, practise different kinds of sports and try to avoid stressful situations as much as possible. We need to be in good shape and also to have good mental health to be able to work and fully enjoy our lives. Doctors often stress that mental health influences our physical condition. Problems with digestion, ulcers or migraines are the results of mental problems such as depression, fear or anger. Bad eating habits, lack of physical activities, sedentary work, stress all these factors cause serious diseases. Ahealthy, strong and beautiful body is the ideal for the majority of people and not only among the young. It is not so difficult to pursue this aim if you live in a developed country with good health care. However, in Third World countries, too many people are still starving and epidemics of plague, cholera, typhus and malaria are a part of everyday life, and not long forgotten epidemics of the past. Every year, many people worldwide become victims of various accidents. Most accidents happen on the road and many at work. In every country, a lot of different security measures are taken to prevent car accidents. Many children are injured playing outside or at home handling dangerous objects.
1. According to the writer, what do people do to stay fit? 2. What factors cause diseases?

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in a docTors surgery
When we are ill, we usually see a doctor, called a GP (general practitioner). Sometimes we need to have an appointment with a specialist. The doctor examines our body, asks about the symptoms and usually prescribes some medication, antibiotics, painkillers or vitamins, which are usually available on prescription in a pharmacy. When the illness is too serious to be treated at home, the patient is taken to hospital and sometimes even undergoes surgery. People who are employed pay their health insurance monthly. They do not need to pay for basic health care and basic medication. When they want extra care or special treatment, they have to pay extra costs. Some people decide to go to a private health care establishment, usually for surgery (e.g. plastic surgery), delivery or dental care. Patients in our country are free to choose their doctors.
3. Describe what happens in a doctors office (a surgery) when you go to see your GP. 4. What are patients supposed to pay for?

diseases and TreaTmenTs


Everybody has to go through various diseases during their childhood and adult life. Most of the diseases are not serious and do not take a long time to cure. Thanks to research in medicine (both in diagnostics and treatment), microbiology and chemistry, we now have efficient medication against diseases such as flu, tuberculosis or scarlet fever, which killed many people in previous centuries. However, there are diseases which we have problems in curing and some which we have failed to find a cure for. Cancer is one of the biggest threats nowadays. Every year, more and more people of all ages are diagnosed with tumours of all types. However, scientists continue to develop more and more efficient treatment techniques. We also get a lot of information about the prevention of cancer and its treatment. Daffodil Day is organised in many countries, including Slovakia. The money raised on this day is used to fund scientific research into the causes and treatment of cancer and to provide support for people with cancer and their families.
5. Which serious diseases are mentioned in the text above? 6. What is Daffodil Day?

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)


AIDS is one of the most serious diseases that threaten people nowadays. It is a viral disease that impairs the immune system of the human body leaving it open to any infection. Those infections that are not dangerous for people with normal immune systems may be mortally dangerous for AIDS patients. According to the World Health Organization more than 34 million people are infected. AIDS was first identified in homosexuals, but later it was found among intravenous drug abusers, haemophiliacs and other persons who had received a blood transfusion, heterosexuals and their children. No cure or vaccine

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for AIDS has yet been discovered. Many countries of the world spend alot of money trying to find a cure. AIDS can be transmitted through infected needles and sexual intercourse.
7. Why is AIDS dangerous? 8. How do people get infected with AIDS?

epidemics
In the last decade, the world has been threatened by several epidemics. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a highly contagious disease, which was first recognised in 2003. The virus spread rapidly from Asia to other countries, including Canada, infecting hundreds of people. Scientists say that the development of effective drugs and vaccines for SARS is likely to take along time. Another one, bird flu, is very contagious among birds and can also kill some domesticated birds (e.g. chickens, ducks and turkeys). Thousands of birds had to be killed after the virus appeared on farms all over the world. The virus does not usually infect humans and transmission from one person to another has not been observed yet. In 2009, the emergence of a new flu virus H1N1 (so called swine flu) killed many people in Mexico, the United States and many other countries. This virus has the ability to pass from one human to another. There is huge debate among scientists, virologists and doctors about the need to be vaccinated against these diseases. A recent epidemic in Europe (2011) caused a food scare due to the appearance of the dangerous E.coli bacteria in Spanish cucumbers.
9. What kinds of flu epidemics are discussed in the text above? 10. Which of the contagious diseases mentioned in the text does not have any effect on people?

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VOCabULaRY LIst
antibiotics [ntbatks] antibiotik to avoid vyhn sa bird flu vtia chrpka cancer rakovina cause prina cholera [klr] cholera condition stav contagious [knteds] nkazliv costs nklady to cure [kj] vyliei Daffodil Day De narcisov delivery prod dental care zubn starostlivos diagnostics [dagnstks] diagnostika digestion [ddestn] trvenie disease [dzi:z] choroba drug liek, droga efficient medication inn liek emergence vznik, objavenie sa epidemics of plague [pleg] epidmia moru establishment zariadenie to examine vyetri (u lekra) flu chrpka general practitioner [prktn] praktick lekr to go through prejs m haemophiliac (AmE: hemophiliac) [hi:mflk] hemofilik to handle zaobchdza health care zdravotncka starostlivos health insurance zdravotn poistenie illness choroba to infect nakazi to influence ovplyvni to injure [nd] porani intravenous drug abuser [bju:s] lovek, ktor prepadol vntroilovmu uvaniu drog lack (of) nedostatok likely pravdepodobne majority [mdrt] vina mental health duevn zdravie migraine [magren, also mi:gren] migrna mortally dangerous smrtene nebezpen needle [ni:dl] injekn striekaka painkiller tabletka proti bolesti to pass from... to... prejs z... na... to prescribe [prskrab] predpsa, naordinova to recognise (AmE: recognize) rozpozna (SARS) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Syndrm aktneho respiranho zlyhania scarlet fever [ska:lt fi:v] arlach scientist [santst] vedec security measure bezpenostn opatrenie sedentary work sedav zamestnanie serious vny sexual intercourse [ntk:s] pohlavn styk to spread rozri sa to starve [sta:v] hladova to stress zdrazni stressful stresujci surgery ordincia (BrE); opercia swine flu [swan flu:] prasaia chrpka threat [ret] hrozba to threaten [retn] ohrozova to treat [tri:t] liei, oetri treatment lieba, oetrenie transmission [trnnzmn] prenos tuberculosis [tjb3:kjlss] tuberkulza typhus [tafs] tfus ulcer [ls] vred vaccine [vksi:n] vakcna, okovacia ltka various rzny, rznorod victim obe viral [varl] vrusov virologist [varldst] virolg vitamin [BrE: vtmn, AmE: vatmn ] vitamn World Health Organization (WHO) svetov zdravotncka organizcia worldwide na celom svete available on prescription dostupn na lekrsky predpis diagnosed with tumors diagnostikovan ndor to fund scientific research financova vedeck vskum

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to have an appointment with ma stretnutie s to impair the immune system oslabi imunitn systm in agood shape vdobrej forme to pursue an aim sledova cie, snai sa odosiahnutie ciea

to take along time trva dlho to take care of ones health stara sa osvoje zdravie to undergo surgery [s3:dr] podstpi operciu

VOCabULaRY PRaCtICe
Task 1 Name the parts for the body. The first letter of the words have been given to help. Example: (elo) F O R E H E A D 1. (ucho) E _ _ 2. (krk) N _ _ _ 3. (plece) S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. (prsia) B _ _ _ _ _ 5. (hru) C _ _ _ _ 6. (rameno) A _ _ 7. (lake) E_ _ _ _ 8. (brucho) S _ _ _ _ _ _ 9. (zpastie) W_ _ _ _ 10. (dla) P _ _ _ 11. (palec) T _ _ _ _ 12. (chrbt) B _ _ _ 13. (bedro) H _ _ 14. (zadok) B _ _ _ _ _ 15. (prst) F _ _ _ _ _ 16. (stehno) T _ _ _ _ 17. (koleno) K _ _ _ 18. (ltko) C _ _ _ 19. (lenok) A _ _ _ _ 20. (palec na nohe) T _ _

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21. (hlava) H _ _ _ 22. (elo) F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23. (oko) E _ _ 24. (mihalnice) E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25. (oboie) E _ _ _ _ _ _ 26. (nos) N _ _ _ 27. (lce) C _ _ _ _ 28. (brada) C _ _ _ 29. (pery) L _ _ _ 30. (eluste) J _ _ _ 31. (zuby) T _ _ _ _ 32. (jazyk) T _ _ _ _ _

Task 2 Read the following expressions and explain their meaning in English. Then, decide which activities are typical for doctors (D), patients (P) or both (B).

Example: to shiver with cold (P) 1. to take someones temperature 2. to check someones blood pressure 3. to make out a prescription 4. to have a sore throat 5. to take an aspirin 6. to feel dizzy 7. to remove tonsils 8. to pull out a tooth 9. to take an X-ray 10. to stay in bed 11. to examine a patient 12. to make an appointment with the doctor 13. to go through a regular check-up 14. to prescribe antibiotics 15. to get an injection 16. to have a cold 17. to suffer from diabetes 18. to undergo surgery 19. to deliver a baby 20. to put on/(lose) some weight

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Task 3 Put a tick () next to those diseases and aches which you went through. Talk about their symptoms. Diseases and aches:
fluchickenpoxherpestoothachetonsillitissunstrokebronchitis pneumoniabrainfevereczema

Symptoms:
pressurerashlossofappetitediarrhoeasweatingpainvomiting headacheweighlosshallucinationcrampsconstipationmigraine temperature insomnia spots cold cough sore throat high blood

Task 4 What do the following doctors/specialists deal with? Which doctor would you go to see if you suffered from the diseases/pains/aches in exercise 3 above?

homoeopathistimmunologisturologistrheumatologistobstetrician

infectologistdermatologistgynaecologistinternistcardiologist

physio herapistsurgeonplasticsurgeonpsychologistradiologist t

GP(generalpractitioner)dentistophthalmologistpaediatrician

LIstenInG
Task 5 Eat Healthy! Stay Healthy! You are going to hear a lecture by a food specialist who is talking about good eating habits. Fill in the missing words in the summary below. Listen to the recording twice.
CD 1 Track 16

The food specialist is talking about the importance of a varied diet. Improving your
1

________________ ________________ (2 words) can give you a good feeling. All four

food groups are important in order to have a 2________________ (1 word) diet. Cereals, bread and pasta belong to a food group called 3________________ (1 word). Vitamin A and folacin can be found in 4________________ (1 word) and dark green vegetables.

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________________ (1 word) milk products give you the proteins and calcium that your

body needs. Vegetarians should eat enough lentils, beans and pulses to 6________________ (1 word) the meat group. If you eat enough starch and 7________________ (1 word), your body will store less fat.
(Adapted from Health Canada: Food Guide to Healthy Eating, p. 42)

Task 6 Spots You are going to hear a conversation between a paediatrician, little Charlie and his dad. For questions 16, decide which option (AD) finishes the sentence starters according to the text. Listen to the recording twice. 1. Charlie went to see the doctor A) for a regular check-up. B) because he has a cough. 2. The doctor is going to A) take Charlies blood. B) give him an injection. 3. The spots have spread onto A) his back, waist and bottom. B) his waist, bottom and arms. 4. Charlie has been in contact A) with somebody who had chicken pox. B) with children from nursery school. 5. Charlie is sent to the specialist A) to have some medicine prescribed. B) to get the evidence of the diagnoses.
CD 1 Track 17

C) because he has a cold. D) because he has some skin problems. C) have a look at his spots. D) take a sample from one of his spots. C) his back, arms and bottom. D) his bottom, back and genitals. C) with somebody who had herpes. D) with his mother and little sister. C) to get a note from the doctor for his father. D) to have his blood pressure checked.

6. Charlies mother cannot go to hospital with him because A) her employer wont let her take sick C) she has got chicken pox. leave. D) the baby sister has already caught the B) shes breastfeeding her younger infection. daughter.

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LanGUaGe In Use
Task 7 Use the word in capitals to form anew word to fit into the gap in the same line. Follow the example. Example: Thirty per cent of 0Am e ricans aged four to thirty bite their nails.
1 2

0. AMERICA 1. STUDY 2. HEALTHY 3. LOSE 4. INFECT 5. DANGER 6. COMPLAIN 7. PAINFUL 8. SERIOUSLY 9. SWELL 10. WEIGH

show that nail-biting can cause many problems connected with the teeth such
3 4

as

of a tooth and damage to the gums. The from the hands to the mouth . Tommy Hopkins, anine-year6

spreading of skin is also very 5 old boy, made


7

to his dentist about the in his gums. During a check-up, his den8

tist noticed that Tommy had a

nail-biting area in to parents

habit. The dentist then explored the 9 such as this one add scientific 10

his mouth and found a piece of nail stuck in his gum. Certainly, cases arguments when they are telling their children Dont bite your nails. Task 8 Read the text about sunbathing and decide which word or phrase AD best fits each space. There is only one correct answer for each space. Follow the example. Suntan lotions were 0 B long ago, before the Industrial Revolution, when bronzed skin

belonged to manual 1_______ . To be brown in 2_______ days was a symbol of belonging to a low social class. Pale, porcelain skin was in vogue 3_______ because the rich stayed indoors. 4_______ as machines began to appear, the 5________ classes left the fields for the factories. 6________ they turned paler, 7________ rich turned progressively browner: Sporting a suntan meant you had money and 8________ afford a leisurely outdoor life.
9

________ the early 1920s, heliotherapy was all the rage. Daily exposure to sunlight was

touted as a 10________ for health problems ranging from acne to tuberculosis. In the 40s suntan lotion hit the market. 11_______ that time, it was designed to assist with roasting, not to protect people from the sun. 12_______ ten years, the bikini had arrived on the scene,

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allowing 13________ bodies to achieve almost total exposure to the suns rays. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the suntan was promoted as something to make you look younger,
14

________ a growing body of scientific evidence indicated 15________ it not only leads to

wrinkles, but reduces 16________ expectancy too. Increasing awareness of the link 17_____ exposure to the sun and the risk of skin cancer as well as growing concern over damage to 18________ ozone layer have so far failed to have a significant impact on our societys habits concerning being exposed to the sun. Today, beaches are as busy as 19________ . Pale skin has yet to 20________ a real comeback.
(Adapted from Thomas J.: The Rise of the Suntan, p. 61)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

A discovered A labourers A the A likely A Since A work A When A the A could A In A ointment A On A Before A womans A because A which A alive A between A the A usually A return

B invented B lab workers B these B mainly B Actually B labour B Despite Ba B should B On B cure B At B During B women B in spite of B what B live B among Ba B always B do

C found C people C those C hardly C More or less C working C While C that C would C At C medicine C In C While C womens C furthermore C that C lives C from C an C never C make

D set up D readers D such D unlikely D Then D social D As D this D shall D D care D With D Within D feminine D despite D even if D life D forward D D ever D appear

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ReaDInG
Task 9 Read about five types of contact lenses and answer questions 110. Find the answers to the questions in paragraphs AD. Follow the example. Example: Which paragraph gives information about: 0 contact lenses which are most likely to be able to correct your eyesight? paragraph A
Lens Types A) Rigid gas-permeable (RGP) made of slightly flexible plastic that allows oxygen to pass through to the eyes Advantages provide excellent vision only a short adaptation period is required comfortable to wear can correct most problems with vision easy to put on and to take care of durable with a long life available in tints and bifocals only a very short adaptation period required more comfortable and harder to dislodge than RGP lenses available in tints and bifocals great for active lifestyles can usually be worn for up to seven days without removal Disadvantages require continuous use for adaptation to occur can slip off the centre of the eye more easily than other types debris can get under them require regular visits for follow-up care

B) Daily-wear soft lenses made of soft, flexible plastic that allows oxygen to pass through to the eyes

do not correct all problems vision may not be as sharp as with RGP lenses require regular visits for follow-up care lenses soil easily and must be replaced do not correct all problems require regular visits for follow-up care increased risk of complications require regular monitoring and professional care vision may not be as sharp as RGP lenses do not correct all problems handling may be more difficult

C) Extended-wear available for overnight wear in soft or RGP plastic lenses

D) Planned replacement soft daily wear plastic lenses that are replaced on a fixed schedule, usually every two weeks, monthly or quarterly

require simpler cleaning and disinfection than some other types good for eye health available by most prescriptions

(Adapted from American Optometric Association: Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Contact Lenses, p. 121)

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Which paragraph gives information about: 2 the type of contact lenses which may be difficult to manipulate?

paragraph : _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

1 contact lenses which can be worn nonstop for a week before taking them out? 3 contact lenses which need to be worn regularly, so that the eyes become adapted to them? 4 contact lenses which can be worn also at night? 5 contact lenses which have a good capacity to stay fixed in the centre of the eye? 6 contact lenses which are suitable for sportsmen? Which paragraphs give information about: 7 contact lenses which are easy to get used to in a short time? 8 contact lenses which can cause slightly blurred vision? 9 contact lenses which get dirty easily? 10 contact lenses which are available in different colours?

paragraphs: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Task 10 Read a leaflet about a voluntary organisation which helps people with eating disorders. Based on the text, fill in the gaps with missing words in the summary provided.

AnoreXia and BUliMia Care (ABC)


According to a survey, physical appearance, particularly that of the body is one of the biggest concerns that people in their 20s and 30s have. People in this age group are often affected by eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. Anyone or any family could fall victim to an eating disorder. Eating disorders often have devastating impact on the lives of those directly affected as well as on their parents and family. ABC is a national Christian charity working exclusively with eating disorders. Wetry to help families through the ups and downs on the journey towards recovery and a brighter future. ABC has been in existence for nearly 20 years, helping to support hundreds of people every month who struggle because of eating disorders: sufferers, helpers and families. ABC provides telephone help-lines for sufferers, a parents help-line and e-mail support. We provide advice, information, encouragement and prayer. ABC is a resource for professionals. We offer training and literature to church leaders, youth leaders, counsellors, teachers and health professionals...

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ABC receives no funding from the government and is entirely dependent on the generosity of individuals in order to be able to carry on caring for those in need. Where does your donation go? 2 to send out information to just one person who has been in touch seeking help. 10 to cover the costs of one of our trained sta spending one hour giving advice and support. 100 to cover the costs of one of our sta to speak at a weekend conference or atraining event. 150 to keep our website up-to-date and running well for one month. We have 250 visitors daily. 500 to place an advert in a magazine so that people know that we exist. 1000 to cover the costs of new lea ets for schools and colleges. 2000 to cover the costs of producing one issue of Lifeline Magazine for our members and supporters.
(Source: http://www.anorexiabulimiacare.co.uk)

Young people care too much about their 1______________ (1 word). As a result, they often become victims of 2_________________ ________________ (2 words) such as anorexia and bulimia. ABC is a 3________________ (1 word) religious organisation that helps patients, their families and helpers overcome such disorders and 4________________ (1 word) from them. It has existed for almost 20 years and helps anybody in 5________________ (1word). Our common activities are telephone help-lines for 6________________ (1 word), their parents and e-mail support. We also provide 7_________________ __________________ (2 words) for church leaders, youth leaders, counsellors, teachers and health specialists. ABC is not financed by the government and therefore it 8________________ (1 word) solely on donations. For example, 2 will help ABC respond to one person who needs
9

________________ (1word). 150 will help ABC keep our website 10________________

(1word) for one month. 500will help ABC 11________________ (1 word) their activities in a magazine. 2000 will help ABC publish our 12_______________ (1 word) for a year.

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ReVIeW
Task 11 What is the difference in meaning between the following words? If you are not sure, check the meaning in your dictionary.

a) to be ill/sick/unwell b) to have a temperature/fever c) belly/stomach d) cheek/cheeky/chin e) sprained/twisted/broken f ) pimples/rash/eczema/spot g) department/ward h) ambulance/surgery/waiting room

i) doctor/nurse/male nurse j) chemists/pharmacy/drugstore k) to heal/to cure l) maternity hospital/mental hospital/clinic/old peoples home/hospice m) prescription/receipt/recipe n) to hurt/to injure o) illness/disease

Task 12 match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B. A 1. I am sitting my school leaving exam tomorrow. 2. My sister and I were just talking about you. 3. I cant fix the car on my own. 4. Can I have another one of these cocktails? 5. Come on, tell me about it. 6. My father will take care of your garden. 7. Where does this train go? 8. I cant stand Kevin. He is so annoying. 9. Sue is very self-confident. She thinks she knows everything. 10. I am terribly nervous about my exam. B a) Ill keep my fingers crossed for you! b) Its heading towards Glasgow. c) I wont tell you anything. You are areal big mouth. d) Your ears must be burning! e) He is a pain in the neck. f) Dont worry. I will give you a hand. g) Of course, but be careful. They really go to your head. h) Hes got green fingers. i) Ive got butterflies in my stomach. j) She is the armpit of the universe.

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Task 13 Idioms Work in groups. Read the text. Replace the underlined expressions with other words without changing the original meaning. Then, translate the following text into Slovak and compare your translations with other groups. Make sure you find the most suitable Slovak equivalent for the English idioms that are underlined. When thinking aboutgivingup smoking you should 1bear in mind the effects your smoking has on your friends and family. Do you often find that you 2lose your temper with your parents when they try to stop you smoking? All young smokers are 3in the same boat: You often find that you 4feel under the weather, especially with such things as that disgusting smokers cough, or 5going to any lengths to get that first cigarette of the morning. Now is the time 6to come to your senses, 7pull yourself together, and 8put an end to this expensive habit. If you are not sure how to stop, then you should consider 9having a word with your doctor or looking for some information elsewhere. It 10goes without saying that you may 11find it difficult to simply stop by yourself, especially if you have been smoking for some time. 12Take your time, but when you 13have the situation under control you will feel better, and 14in the long run your health will improve. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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sPeaKInG
a Look at the pictures below. Describe the female couples in each picture and talk about how their behaviour affects their health. Compare and contrast their lifestyles. Say what people of different ages should do to stay fit and healthy.

A C
Pozri ukku tejto odpovede na DVD: A. Opis a porovnanie obrzkov (a nvod v Knihe 2). b Talk about the most common diseases people get in their lives.

Talk about: their symptoms, how people feel when they have these diseases, what kind of doctor they go to see (GP, dentist, specialist...), what questions doctors might ask their patients, what medication and advice they are given in order to make them feel better and healthy again.

Simulation

Your friend does not care a lot about his health. Despite his/her terrible cough, he/she keeps smoking. He/she has tried to give up smoking many times but he/she has never succeeded. He/she does not play any sport. You are abit worried about his health. What would you tell him/her? How could he/she quit smoking? What activities would you re commend to him/her to make him/her feel better?

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Role-play "HEALTH TROUBLES"

You: You have just returned from the Philippines, where you worked as a volunteer helping rescue workers save and treat victims of an earthquake. You are teasing your friend; pretend that you are not feeling well and complain that maybe you have caught some contagious disease. Describe all the symptoms you have to alarm your friend who is hypochondriac. Your partner: Your friend has just returned home from the Philippines, where he/she spent his/her summer holidays. He/she feels sick. Ask what worries him/her. Show sym pathy and calm your friend down. However, you are worried that your friend may have caught some contagious disease there.

WRItInG an essay (psanie eseje)

Nowadays, alternative medicine is becoming very popular. Green food products deserve at tention since they provide us with many minerals and vitamins. Another thing is that they can cure and prevent some diseases. Do you believe in alternative medicine? Step 1: On the Internet, search for more information about green food products (specifically chlorella pyrenoidosa and young barley grass). List their advantages and disad vantages. Search for some case studies of patients using green food products. Step 2: Write an essay about the effects of green food products. Consider positives and negatives aspects of eating them. Give some examples.

NVOD K DVD

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PRCA SUKKAMI ODPOVED MATURANTOV NA DVD


Na DVD je nahratch 6 ukok sprvnych a6 ukok nesprvnych odpoved tchto typov loh: A) Opis a porovnanie obrzkov B) Interpretcia textu C) Rieenie problmu a argumentcia D) Vyjadrenie shlasu/neshlasu argumentcia E) Simulcia (o by si spravil/a v danej situcii) F) Hranie rol (Role-play; odohranie dialgu v role niekoho v danej situcii) Odpovedaj dvaja maturanti Silvia a Vlado. Pri sledovan DVD odporame pracova sniie uvedenmi lohami, ktor ved kuvedomovaniu si potrebnch krokov pre spe n zvldnutie stnej maturity. PRED SLEDOVANM UKKY NA DVD: si pretaj
DVD

Zadanie

vypl lohy NA DVD:

na to? Ako a vypl lohy v knihe.

si pozri ukku nesprvnej odpovede si pozri komentr uitea.

a vypl lohy v knihe.

si pozri ukku sprvnej odpovede NAKONIEC:

si pretaj nvrh sprvnej odpovede v knihe.

POZOR! Ukky odpoved maturantov na DVD nie s jazykovo upravovan ani pri sprvnych odpovediach. Obaja maturanti sa dopaj viacerch gramatickch chb a chb svisiacich s vslovnosou. Cieom DVD vak nie je zamera pozornos len na jazykov strnku, ale predovetkm na truktrovanie odpovede vrmci jednotlivch zadan poas maturitnej skky.

312

ANGLITINA MATURITA

A. TYP LOHY: OPIS A POROVNANIE OBRZKOV


(as odpovede: cca 5 mint)

Zadanie:

Look at the pictures below. Describe the female couples in each picture and talk about how their behaviour affects their health. Compare and contrast their lifestyles. Say what people of different ages should do to stay fit and healthy.

na to? Ako
Dkladne si pretaj zadanie tejto lohy. o je dleit splni pri plnen tejto lohy? Ako by si TY zaal/a postupova pri plnen tejto lohy? Uve dva prklady frz, ktor by si pouil/a pri: a) opise tchto obrzkov: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ b) porovnan spolonch a odlinch prvkov: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ c) vyjadren nzoru o obrzkoch: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

NVOD K DVD

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Ukka nesprvnej odpovede


Pred pozeranm DVD si pozorne pretuduj tto tabuku. Pozri si ukku odpovede na stnej maturitnej skke. Po prezret vypl tto tabuku.
Sledovan kritrium hodnotenia: Splnenie lohy: Opsala tudentka vetky obrzky? Porovnala spolon a odlin prvky? Vyjadrila svoj nzor? truktra prehovoru: Boli vprehovore prtomn postupy otvorenia, riadenia a ukonenia prehovoru? Plynulos a zrozumitenos prehovoru: Bol prehovor tudentky pri plnen tejto lohy plynul? Bol prehovor tudentky pri plnen tejto lohy zrozumiten? Tvoj komentr kjednotlivm kritrim:

Ak bola reakcia tudentky, ke neporozumela otzke skajceho? Bolo to adek vtne? Mohla tudentka zareagova inak? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Vypouj si hodnotenie skajceho. Do akej miery s nm shlas/neshlas. Objasni. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Akou znmkou by si ohodnotil/a splnenie tejto lohy berc do vahy vyie uveden kritria? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

314

ANGLITINA MATURITA

Ukka sprvnej odpovede


o mysl, vom sa bude li kvalita odpovede tudentky od prvej ukky? Poas pozerania DVD vyp frzy, ktor tudentka pouila pri truktrovan svojho prehovoru, ke: a) otvrala prehovor: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ b) viedla prehovor: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ c) ukonovala prehovor: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Ak frzy pouila na porovnanie rovnakch a odlinch vlastnost pri opise predlo ench obrzkov? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Nvrh sprvnej odpovede: Opis aporovnanie obrzkov Let me describe the pictures first. There are three pictures of different people. In the first picture, Ican see two small girls. They are pretending to phone each other. They cant see each other because they are backtoback. Ithink they are playing agame, they are lawyers or secretaries. Ithink it is very bad when small children use mobiles from an early age. They call people rather than they talk with them face to face. It is sad that nowadays people dont have alot of real human contact. In the second picture, there are two teenagers. Ithink they are teenagers because theyre wearing typical teenage clothes. They are smoking. Ithink they are protesting. Smoking is very unhealthy. They have avery bad lifestyle. These young women are damaging their health. They might not realise it because they are having agood time. The third picture shows two old ladies who are having awalk in apark. Ithink they are good friends. They have probably known each other for a long time. They seem to be having agood time together. Walking outside breathing fresh air is avery good activity.

NVOD K DVD

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This is very good for the health of the two women. Their lifestyle is very good. Peoples lifestyles can affect their lives in positive and negative ways. Smoking cigarettes should not be apart of our lives. Smoking can cause lung cancer. Using mobile phones from avery early age is not good for our health either. However, scientists have still not explained the full effects of the use of mobile phones on our health. In conclusion I can say that in order to be fit and healthy at every age, we should neither smoke cigarettes, nor use mobile phones. We should walk outside with people we like and talk to each other face to face instead. People of all ages should take greater care of their health. To stay fit they should eat healthy food, play some sport and find time for their hobbies. They also should avoid stress.

NAUIL/A SOM SA,

e pri opise a porovnvan obrzkov budem postupova takto:

1. _____________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________

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