PRESENTED TO :- SIR MEHBOOB

PRESENTED BY :-

 Nazan Habib
 Zeeshan Khan Malghani
 Shiza Tareen
 Faisal Ghafoor

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

"Water is the driver of Nature"

We are very thankful to our teacher Sir Mehboob ul Haq that

he assigned us such effective project which gave us a lot of

knowledge about Water Supply and Sanitation and

.effectiveness of our Water and Sanitation Authorities

It was a critical decision for our Teacher to choose a specific

topic which would be beneficial & applicable for our careers.

Therefore Sir Mehboodb gave us the Water Supply Analysis

of Quetta city with its Financial Analysis. Quetta is the

capital of Balochistan and 9th Biggest city of Pakistan its

population is growing rapidly and our authorities need to focus

to overcome the shortfall of water in future. It was good to

work on water supply analysis and we are thankful to Wasa,

Water and Sanitation (unicef), and Quetta District

3
Government for there corporation and we are grateful to sir

mehboob ul haq for his guidance and corporation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this analysis was to examine the water
supply and sanitation system of Quetta city which is a very
important issue for health and hygiene. Our Analysis
included a review of current situation of water supply and
sanitation and performance of our Government Authorities
.and efforts of our Non governmental Organizations
The major findings indicate that the current performance of
Water supply and Sanitation Governmental Authorities is not
satisfactory At present a large number of federal and
provincial government institutions have responsibility for
studying, monitoring, protecting and developing the water
resources of the Province and the Quetta valley. There are
seven different agencies responsible for the supply of
domestic water to Quetta city alone. But the Agencies has
yet to develop the capability to fulfill it’s duties,
particularly in respect of groundwater resources and
domestic water. Special attention should be given to
Sanitation and Solid Wastes.
There is no water treatment plant in Quetta. Waste and
untreated water drains into r the fresh sources of water.
The increasing use of insecticides, pesticides, herbicides
and chemical fertilizer in farms is also causing pollution

4
to subsoil water resources damaging the ecosystem of Quetta
City. Water Sources are not properly utilized and wastage
of water through leakages etc is an important issue and
unsatisfactory work of the government department is also a
hindrance for the water development in Quetta

S.no CONTENTS Page #

♦ INTRODUTION 9
♦ Quetta City 10
♦ Demography 10
♦ Present Urbanization 10
♦ Water Supply and sanitation 10

♦ QUETTA WATER SUPPLY 11

ANALYSIS
11
♦ WASA
11
♦ Mission Statement of Wasa
12
♦ Functions of wasa

13
♦ WATER SUPPLY QUETTA
13
♦ Drinking Water
14
♦ Standards of Quality Drinking Water
15
♦ Physical Parameters
o Color of water………
o Taste and Odor
o Turbidity
o pH of drinking water
♦ Water Quality at a glance 16
♦ Drinking water Supply Administration 16
♦ Water Supply by different departments in 17
Quetta
o WASA
o QDA
o MES
o Pakistan Railways

5
o PHED schemes

♦ Water supply networks 19

♦ Ownership and maintencene 19
♦ Planning 19
♦ Factors considered for water Supply Network
♦ Tools used for water supply
♦ Construction of water supply networks
♦ Quetta water supply Scheme
♦ Budget
♦ Projects
♦ Water Supply at a Glance
♦ Private Sector Participation in Water
Supply:-
♦ Ground Water Sub-Sector
♦ Ground Water Investigations
♦ Karez System
♦ Research Methodology of Karez System
♦ Analysis of Karez System

♦ SANITATION
♦ QUETTA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
♦ CANTONMENT
♦ SCAVENGERS
♦ Public Health Engineering (PHE) Department
♦ Private Sector Participation in Sanitation
♦ GO/NGO/Private Enterprise, etc. involvement in
Water Development
♦ Rular Areas of District Quetta
♦ Disposable Human Waste

♦ SANITATION AT A GLANCE:-
♦ Wastewater Treatment
♦ Solid Waste Management at a Glance

♦ CRITICISM

6
 ♦ Some facts and figures
♦ Current water supply and demand and
distribution losses
♦ Current Supply and demand
♦ So what does this means
o There are lots of challenges
o Specific Issues in Water Supply Quality
o Specific issues in Sewerage/ Drainage
o Specific issues in Solid Waste Management
o Other Critical issues

♦ SUGGESTIONS

♦ CONCLUSION:

♦ FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

♦ Introduction
♦ Overview of the Financial S'
♦ Revenue
♦ Total Operating revenue
♦ Expenses
♦ Budget for the fiscal year 2006-07
♦ Budget of project
♦ Reciepts and expenditure issues
♦ Revenue resources 2007-2008 detail
reciepts
♦ Budget Summary

♦ REFERNECES
♦ Other reference

♦ APPENDIXES
♦ Appendix 1
♦ Appendix 2

7
 ♦ Appendix 3
♦ Appendix 4
♦ Appendix 5
♦ Appendix 6
♦ Appendix 7

INTRODUCTION:-
8
Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of
various qualities to different users. Irrigation is covered separately. Water supply systems
get water from a variety of locations, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water
(lakes and rivers), conservation and the sea through desalination. The water is then, in
most cases, purified, disinfected through chlorination and sometimes fluoridated.Once
water is used, wastewater is typically discharged in a sewer system and treated in a
wastewater treatment plant before being discharged into a river, lake or the sea or reused
for landscaping, irrigation or industrial use (see also sanitation) Many of the 3.5 billion
people having access to piped water receive a poor or very poor quality of service,
especially in developing countries where about 80% of the world population lives. Water
supply service quality has many dimensions: continuity; water quality; pressure; and the
degree of responsiveness of service providers to customer complaints. Continuity of
water supply is taken for granted in most developed countries, but is a severe problem in
many developing countries, where sometimes water is only provided for a few hours
every day or a few days a week. It is estimated that about half of the population of
developing countries receives water on an intermittent basis. There are some Basic issues
related to Water Supply and Sanitation.

1. Access to safe water and sanitation and solid waste disposal are basic human rights1.
They are an essential component of primary health care and are important for poverty
alleviation. Provision of safe water supply and sanitation services are an effective health
intervention that reduces the mortality caused by water-borne diseases by an average of
65% and the related morbidity by 26%. Inadequate sanitation and water result not only in
more sickness and death, but also in higher health costs, lower worker productivity and
lower school enrolment.

2. Balochistan has the lowest water and sanitation indicators in Pakistan. The poor are
particularly vulnerable in this context. The urban poor spend a disproportionately large
part of their income buying water from vendors while in rural areas fetching water from
long distances is the responsibility of women and children. Inadequate sanitation
facilities lead to a prevalence of disease especially among the poor who, as a result,
spend a significant proportion of their income on requisite medical care. Insufficient
attention to wastewater treatment and disposal is also causing severe environmental
problems in the province.

3. Recognizing the need for improvements in water and sanitation service coverage, the
Balochistan Poverty Reduction Strategy has recommended: i) a policy shift focusing on
low cost technology and sustainable model; ii) capacity building of district and sub-
district functionaries vis-a-vis their new roles and responsibilities; and, iii) replication of
successful low cost interventions with community involvement. The problems
confronting the sector can only be addressed adequately within the framework of a
comprehensive water and sanitation sector strategy. The Government of Balochistan has
therefore prepared a strategy to provide framework for the water and sanitation sector

QUETTA CITY:-

9
It is the largest city and provincial a desputed area in pakistan capital and district of
Balochistan Province, Pakistan.The city is the provisional and district headquarters and is
an important marketing and communications centre between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Situated at an elevation of 1676–1900 meters above sea level in west Pakistan, Quetta is
also known as the fruit basket of Pakistan.[

Demography:-
According to the 1998 census Quetta was the ninth biggest city of Pakistan with a
population of 565,137 (however according to non-governmental census the population of
Quetta along with Afghan immigrants is over 1,500,000). The city in general is
dominated by a Pashtun majority, a Balochi and Hazara minority with an eclectic
smattering of smaller groups. However the city is also a home to thousands of Afghan
immigrants. The Pushto, Balochi, Persian (Hazaragi dialect), Brahui, Sindhi, Punjabi and
Urdu languages are spoken in large parts of Quetta, giving the city a very multicultural
feel.

Present Urbanisation of Quetta City:-

Quetta Originated as a Garrison City in 19th century by the British to deter invasions
from Afghanistan through Bolan pass. The extent of the city as delinated by physical
borders such as broken topography, floods, plains, and indetectable karezes. The
cantonment lies in the north and in the eastern side, the murdar range has limited the
city's expansion. To the west Sariab Lora river and chiltan range for physical barriers.
Physical development outside the Quetta has proceeded along the Sariab road and the
railway track. Small settelments (killis) scattered all over the Quetta Valley. In 1972 to
1980 the urbanised areas of 850ha were added. There is almost no planned development
particularly for the low income groups. The factor alone has resulted in an enormous
growth of spontaneous settlement of extra local tenureships. In this particular area proper
infrastructure is lacking and can be only provided at the cost of high investment.

Water Supply and Sanitation:-

At the start of Quetta water supply which is expected to raise the water consumption and
also waste water production considerably, it was realised that water and Sanitation would
be essential for a healthy and productive lif. Presently the water supply system of Quetta
is not improving and comparison to which the Population is growing rapidly. valley. Over
the past 15 years the demand for water has increased significantly as cheap electricity has
made pumping from groundwater for the irrigation of high value deciduous fruit a major
economic activity and the population of Quetta has expanded, largely as a result ofthe
expansion of high value agriculture.The availability of low cost electricity together with
aculture that has historically considered water as being free to all, has led to huge
demands for groundwater. From the information available it is clear however, that
groundwater in the Quetta valley is being mined, with groundwater levels falling at 1m a
year, which is a cause for concern that demands immediate attention.
QUETTA WATER SUPPLY ANAYLSIS:-

10
WASA:-
WASA is an autonomous body working under City District Government Quetta headed
by the City Nazim Quetta, who is also the chairman of the board of Directors of WASA.
The Financial/Administrative control of the Authority is with the Managing Director.
Important Technical & Administrative Staff working under the Managing Director are as
under

o Director Water Supply

o Director Administration

o Director Finance

o Director Revenue

o Director Technical

o XEN Chiltan Town

o XEN Zarghoon Town

o XEN Sewerage

o Senior Lab: Officer

o Transport Officer

o Store officer

MISSION STATEMENT OF WASA:-

As per WASA, Act 1989, this Authority was created and made responsible for the
management & supply of Water to the public. The main purpose of this Authority is to
provide safe and clean drinking water according to the requirements of inhabitants of the
area and to provide hygienic and pollution free environment from the effects of sewerage
and dirty water and to combat also the requirements of the consumers of WASA. As a
part of the responsibility WASA has undertaken huge projects and the new water
resources are being developed. WASA has taken its responsibilities and utilizing all its
energy and efforts to meet the requirements of the growing population and also has
succeeded in its aim to great extent. In addition WASA has undertaken a huge project of
development of new resources in and around the mountainous range of Quetta. The
exploration program is under way and near to finis and hopefully the project will provide
a quick relief to the inhabitants of Quetta Valley form the crises of water shortage and
sufficient availability of water will be made for next 20 years.

FUNCTIONS OF WASA:-

11
B-WASA, was created by Balochistan Act IX of 1989 after approval by the Provincial
Assembly and legislature published a Notification dated 27th September 1989 to show
that the bill passed by the Governor of Balochistan since this Authority was established
in 1989 for the purpose and functions reflected are as under:

(a) Initiate and maintain a continuous process of comprehensive development plannings

of water supply, sewerage and sanitation in the area
(b) Plan, design, construct, operate and maintain water supply, sewerage and sanitation
system within the service area of the Water and Sanitation Authority to be established
under Section 3 of this Ordinance.

(c) Establish, maintain and periodically revise as necessary, planning controls, design and
construction criteria and regulations for water supply sewerage and sanitation services for
the area to:

• Provide appropriate design standard and protect public health.

• Ensure compliance with the development plans of the Authority

(d) Approve all proposed new, extension or rehabilitation works on the water supply,
sewerage and sanitation system in the Area whether owned and carried out by the
Authority. Government Departments or Development Agencies, private developers or
individual consumers.
(e) Monitor and control water resources in the Area, both surface and underground and
issue licenses for abstraction of water from such resources in the Area in accordance with
regulations made by the authority
(f) Take over ownership and responsibility for all services pertaining to water supply,
sewerage and sanitation for Municipal Corporation of cities, as defined in this Ordinance,
Quetta Development Authority and any other organization with the Area, except such
system controlled by the Cantonment Board of Pakistan Railways.
(g) Prepare and implement any other scheme assigned to the authority by provincial
Government.
(h) As appropriate, collect or recover rates, charges or fees for water supply sewerage and
sanitation services, including so far as practicable arrears thereof.

12
WATER SUPPLY QUETTA:-
Drinking Water:-
Water is a basic need, essential for human survival. Water is supplied through different
sources: tube wells, hand pumps, wells, karezes and springs. Tube wells by far have
become the major source of water supply, using P.V.C. pipes. These have an advantage
over iron pipes. The Public Heath Engineering Department (P.H.E.D) is using them for
distribution of water in rural areas of district Quetta. According to the estimates provided
by P.H.E.D authorities, 75 - 80% of the rural population has been provided with piped
drinking water facilities. These facilities have been provided at 72 densely populated
areas in the district. All the schemes run by P.H.E.D are piped schemes or tank schemes.
In the case of piped schemes, the number of beneficiaries is 75 - 80% of the total rural
population. The other way of providing water is through tanks: In this case, from the
source of water supply, water is transported through pipes and stored in a tank from
which the members of community get water.

A water storage dam near Quetta valley.

According to PHED, 75 - 80% of the total population in the rural area of the district has
access to potable water supplied by P.H.E.D. While 20 - 25% of the population is getting
water from other sources for which information is not available. Out of the 72 PHED
water schemes, 18 have been handed over to the community. Seven schemes are non-
functional, while 33 schemes are run by PHED. The situation in the district is given in
the following table.

13
STANDARDS OF QUALITY DRINKING WATER :-

In Pakistan, there are several potential sources to contaminate drinking water.

Bacteriological contamination of drinking water has been reported to be one of the most
serious problems throughout the country in rural as well as urban areas.Such
contamination is attributed to leakage of pipes, pollution from sewerage pipes due to
problem within the distribution system, intermittent water supply, and shallow water
tables due to human activities. A second strong source for ground water contamination in
irrigated and industrial areas is chemical pollution from toxic substances from the
industrial effluents, textile dyes, pesticides, nitrogenous fertilizers, arsenic and other
chemicals In addition, excessive monsoon rains, floods, herbicides, fungicides, untreated
municipal waste, sewage breakdowns, and coastal water pollution due to waste
discharges and oil spills are extremely hazardous for drinking water. For the sake of
public health, it is absolutely essential to establish drinking water quality standards and
criteria that are chemically balanced and medically safe.
Through a combination of lectures, discussions, intense work Sessions, and
utilization of reading literature provided by WHO and Ministry of Health, quality
standards for drinking water in Pakistan were finalized. During all sessions, a careful
attention was given to the following considerations: (1) All modifications in standards
remain in correspondence with the social, cultural, geological, economic, technical and
other significant conditions specific to the regional areas. (2) A review of existing
national research-based data related to drinking water quality should be conducted. (3)
The work done by individual experts and by specialists from different agencies
throughout the country should be coordinated and utilized in the finalization of standards.
(4) In addition to WHO guidelines and standards, USEPA standards, Malaysian
standards, and Indian water quality standards were to be utilized for further benefits. (5)
The standards must have a long range positive impact on human health in Pakistan. (6)
Recommendations should be made based on the finalized standards for future plans of
action.
These standards include review of the available literature and proposed guidelines
and standards for Pakistan and is prepared by a team of four members form Ministry of

14
Health and National University of Science and Technology. The team members are
working on different aspects of water quality and provision of safe water to the
population of Pakistan. The Ministry of Health is playing its due role in the overall effort
of the Government of Pakistan in provision of safe drinking water to the entire
population of the country as a safeguard against water borne diseases. The valuable
partnership of WHO is deeply appreciated. <21>

PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
COLOUR OF WATER

WHO STANDARD: Colour is detectable in a glass of water above 15 True Colour Units
(TCU). Levels of colour below 15 TCU are acceptable to consumers. No health-
based guideline value is proposed for colour in drinking water.

PAKISTAN STANDARD: (1) Colour parameter ≤ 15 TCU/Hazen Units.

TASTE AND ODOUR

WHO STANDARD: Non-objectionable/Acceptable

PAKISTAN STANDARD: Non-objectionable/Acceptable

:TURBIDITY

WHO STANDARD: Ideally median turbidity should be below 5 Nephlometric Turbidity

.(Units (NTU

PAKISTAN STANDARD: Below 5 NTU.

:pH OF DRINKING WATER

.WHO STANDARDS: Most raw waters lie in the pH range of 6.5 to 8.5

PAKISTAN STANDARD: pH range from 6.5 to

15
WATER QUALITY AT A GLANCE

Water quality is only checked at the time of development of a new water supply scheme
and, there is no system for regular monitoring either at source or at the consumer end.
According to a national study on drinking water quality which included information
Quetta all the drinking water samples collected in the city 50% were contaminated with
.bacteria and were unsafe for human consumption

Drinking Water Supply Administration

It is evident from the above table that the management and water supply is the
responsibility of WASA, PHED, QDA, Pakistan Railway, Cantonment Board, MES, Post
Office and T&T Department. Quetta is the most populous city of Balochistan. According
to the estimates provided by NIPS (1995), the total population is more than 677,000; with
more than 3/4th living in urban areas. PHED is providing drinking water facilities to

Hana Lake near Quetta.

rural areas. The number of tube wells administered by the Department is 72, at different
locations, with 38 of them run by the Department. Some 25% of the schemes have been
handed over to the community. Seven schemes are non-functional, 3are disputed, 2 have
been completed but have not yet been taken by the community.

16
 Water Supply by Different Departments in District Quetta

Post Off. MES Cantn. Pak. QDA PHED WASA

and T&T Board Rail

1 17 7 12 3 38 80 Tube wells run by Dept

- - - - - 18 - Handed over to Comm

- 5 - 8 - 7 7 Non-functional

- - - - - 3 - Disputed WSS

- - - - 5 2 - Completed but not

taken by Community
- (Hanna) - - - 4 - WSS Incomplete

1 22 7 20 8 72 87 Total

250 - 689 - 700 - 43,500 No. of Connections

Source: interviews with the concerned authorities

WATER AND SANITATION AUTHORITYl:-

In the urban areas of Quetta district, Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA) has 87 tube
wells, 7 of them are non-functional. According to the authorities, they are supplying
water to 90% of the city population. The number of registered connections is 43,500, of
which 15 to 20% are commercial connections. It is also worth mentioning that WASA has
an agreement with the MES authorities to provide WASA with 1 million gallon of water
daily. However, at the moment the Army is providing only 200,000 gallons of water
daily.
The Quetta Development Authority (QDA)
The Quetta Development Authority (QDA) is running 8 tube wells and providing water
to those housing schemes which come under its jurisdiction (e.g. Smungli, Chaman and
Chiltan Housing Schemes). The number of water connections provided by them is 700,
of which 41 are commercial connections.
The Military Engineering Service (MES)
The Military Engineering Service (MES) have 22 tube wells, 17 of which are functional,
they provide water mainly to the Army personnel residing in Cantonment area. MES
receives water from Urak daily. This water is stored, cleaned and then distributed to the
Military personnel in Quetta Cantonment. The Cantonment Board also provides water to
the civilian residents. The number of tube wells run by them is seven and the number of
connections is 689. They mostly provide water to housing schemes (e.g. Jinnah, Toghi,

17
Shahbaz). They also supply water through their tanks to the citizens.
Pakistan Railway:-
In addition to the above mentioned institutions, Pakistan Railway is also running 20 tube
wells, out of them 12 are functioning. The water is supplied to all the railway colonies.
Post office, Telegraph and Telecommunication department, have their own tube wells,
providing water to 250 connections in Postal Colony, Quetta. It is worth mentioning that
the first tube well in Quetta was installed in 1891 by the Railway and is still functioning.
In all the cases the consumers who wish to get benefit from a PHED scheme (rural areas)
have to pay the cost of connection into their houses from the main connection. For those
schemes which have been handed over to the community, operation and maintenance is
the responsibility of the community. However, in case of major problems, PHED is
responsible.

PHED SCHEMES:-
The following constraints have been pointed out by the community, regarding PHED
schemes:
1. Excessive billing: bills, particularly the first come after a very long period
2. Some of the beneficiaries were not prepared to pay their share in the utility bills.
3. Some times the community as a whole refuses to pay. This is due to lack of social
responsibility and also due to the presence of certain vested interest group within
the community.
There have been many cases of illegal connections in the District. Women are not
involved in the administration of drinking water supplies. Although the costs of water
supply may be considerable, the benefits are higher:
1. Better health conditions due to disease-free water, hence prevention from certain
epidemic diseases
2. Saving in time (for fetching water)
3. More convenience for women and children.
Local government is not involved in the management of water supply.

18
WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS:-
The energy that the system needs to deliver the water is called pressure. That energy is
transferred to the water, therefore becoming water pressure, in a number of ways: by a
pump, by gravity feed from a water source (such as a reservoir or a water tower) at a
higher elevation, or, in smaller systems, by compressed air.
OWNERSHIP AND MAINTENANCE:-
These systems are usually owned and maintained by
local governments, such as cities, or other public entities,
but are occasionally operated by a
commercial enterprise ( water privatization).
PLANNING :-
Water supply networks are part of the master planning of communities, counties, and
municipalities. Their planning and design requires the expertise of
city planners
civil engineers,

FACTORS CONSIDERER FOR WATER SUPPLY NETWORK:-

who must consider many factors, such as
location,
current demand,
future growth, leakage,
pressure,
pipe size,
pressure loss,
fire fighting flows, etc. —
TOOLS USED FOR WATER SUPPLY:-
using pipe network analysis and other tools

19
 CONSTRUCTION OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS:-
Construction occurs using the expertise of builders, called contractors, water
systems may have a loop or branch network topology, or a combination of both.
The piping networks are circular or rectangular. If any one section of water
distribution main fails or needs repair, that section can be isolated without
disrupting all users on the network.
QUETTA WATER SUPPLY SCHEME:-
A Quetta water supply Scheme was planned in June 1998 and it was
accomplished in June 2006
BUDGET:-
Budget allocted for the water supply scheme was
FEDERAL GOVT Rs845milllion ( of which only RS320 were released)
BALOCHISTAN GOVT released 51.6million

PROJECTS:-
Six projects were approved to overcome the shortage of potable water in Quetta
for sinking 31 tube-wells to replace the dried wells and 20 at new sites.
26 tube-wells had been installed, of which 13 were new and another 13
were replacements.
20 million gallons water per day by June 2006 through a modern water supply
system and it would be provided a proper sewerage system.

The government will discover water reservoirs in mountains outside

Quetta valley to sink 55 test bores
The new tube-wells will be linked to the city water supply system, old
pipelines will be replaced, pipelines in new areas will be laid and new water
storage tanks will be constructed.

The sewerage and drainage project comprises laying of sewerage network in

the city, recycling of sewerage water, construction of drainage system and
rehabilitation of the old sewerage system.

And these all project will be completed in next 5 year

20
 Water Supply at a Glance:-
• Quetta having a total of 2.2million population7. The water supply and sanitation
systems for the cantonment have been developed and are managed by the army
authorities. In Quetta city, the Quetta Water and Sanitation Agency (QWASA) is
responsible for the development and management of water supply and sewerage
systems.

• The PHED has developed water supply schemes in all CIty and according to the
BLGO 2001, the relevant district government is responsible for maintaining these
schemes.

• In about half the towns/urban settlements, groundwater is the source of water supply
while the rest obtain water from springs, canals/rivers and dams. In all the towns,
water is supplied intermittently and the quantity of water supplied is not known.as
there is no metering system either at source or at consumers’ end. The water quality at
the source is generally monitored at the time of source development while water
quality at the consumer’ end is rarely monitored. In most areas, water tariff is
collected from users by the PHED staff while in a few towns this task has been
contracted out.

Private Sector
Participation in Water
-:Supply

• The private sector has developed tubewells, particularly in Quetta, on private land
and, sells water to vendors who, in turn, sell it to households in tractors/tankers.
In both rural and urban areas, water is also often sold in drums loaded on donkey
carts. Bottled (mineral) water for drinking is available in almost all urban places.

• In urban areas private housing societies have developed their own water supply
system, and operate and maintain these through user charges. Similarly
government housing areas (railway colonies etc.) develop and maintain their own
system.

• . Since PHED does not have adequate staff for billing and collection of water
tariff, the private sector has been brought in for the collection of water tariff
through annual auction of collection rights

21
Ground Water Sub-Sector:-
In district Quetta, the quality of ground water varies from place to place. In most of the
places water is of good quality while in Balali, Mehtarzai, Samalani and Mallahzai the
quality of water is very poor (saline / brackish) and not potable. The chemical quality of
water can be established by chemical analysis. The World Health Organisation (W.H.O)
have set some standard parameters such as the quantity of calcium, magnesium, sodium
sulphate and nitrate etc., to differentiate potable water from non-potable. According to
the P.H.E.D authorities, the water found in most of the rural areas entirely satisfies the
criteria laid down by W.H.O. Water provided by MES is filtered and chlorinated.

Rain water in Hana valley.

There have been some studies indicating that there is potential for exploiting water in the
district valley, but due to very low water table it will be very expensive to utilize that
water in future. The underground potential needs to be charged and this could be done
through construction of Delay Action Dams.

Ground Water Investigations:

Electromagnetic and deep resistivity survey for assesment of hard rock aquifers in Quetta
Valley and surrounding areas.
Impending crisis of evacuating Balochistan's capital was averted through GSP's success
in finding large quantities of good quality, ground water in hard rock aquifers in and
arround Quetta valley.
Ground water investigations were also caried out in other parts of the country. Despite
paucity of operational funds and field worthy vehicles, the GSP is striving hard to come
to the expectations of the nation.

22
Karez System:-
Karez is the most ancient and indigenous source of irrigation in Balochistan. It is a
tunnel, which taps subsurface aquifer following the slope of an alluvial fan. Generally
Karezes lie below the high hills adjacent to fertile levelled and virgin land. They
originate in the pebbly beds and
gravel mountains. Karez is a permanent source of water for daily domestic and irrigation
purpose.A mother well is dug to the aquifer at the head of karez system. Maintenance
wells are dug, along the length of karez up to daylight point ( the point at which water
emerges ). The course of wells and underground channel is usually straight. Average
length of karez is two to three miles. The province of Balochistan is surrounded by fertile
valleys and karezes. The areas are Quetta, Pishin, Zhob,Loralai, Kalat, Nushki,
Mekran.Karez water fulfills a number of community needs both agricultural and non-
agricultural. The water from karez is shared by many landowners whose socio-economic
conditions very much depends upon regular operation of karez system.
A karez is not only a perennial source of water but an established socio-cultural
institution which involves shared expectations and pattern of cooperation and conflicts. It
is a pivot around which different activities of community organisation, linked with social
status, placement in community
and identification of an individual.Among shareholders, the small landowners who do not
have access to alternate source of water (such as tubewells),have high expectations for
proper operation of karez system, because their socio-economic conditions are closely
associated with it. To improve the livelihood of small shareholders it is necessary to
delineate, elaborate and understand the social factors involved in the operation of karez
system.Findings of this study will be useful to irrigation planners and policy makers to
intervene the strategies for improvement
in karez system. There has been little sociological research conducted on karez system.
This study is both analytical and descriptive and is of explanatory in nature.

Research Methodology of Karez System:-

The major tools of data collection are direct observation,in-depth interviews with key
information and group discussion with shareholders.For historical, technical and
administrative descriptions of karezes in the province, the source is Gazetteers of
Balochistan and literature listed in References.

Analysis of Karez System:-

Karezes are owned individually or collectively. Individually owned karezes are operated
by single family shareholders whereas collectively owned karezes are operated by
different families, clans, tribal groups. Karez water is managed collectively by a single
nominee “Waterman” of co-partners or through a committee constituted of few
prominent shareholders.Land on karez is individually as well as jointly owned.This
ownership involves brothers, uncles, and nephews.The landowners employee tenants on
their lands according to their needs and convenience, on monthly wages or crop share.

23
No uniform pattern of tenancy exists. The watercourses are not cement lined. The main
watercourse is managed collectively where as branches are managed by individual
landowners.Efficient operation of a karez is directly linked with itsmaintenance and
cleanliness. Funds for maintenance are generated through sale of water, irregular grant
from the Govt.; or cash contribution by the shareholders.The inherited share of water is
received by shareholders through a cyclic system.
The rotation of this cycle depends upon number of shareholders and yield of karez.
Annually a meeting of shareholders is held to discuss the issues of management,
maldistribution of water, activities of Waterman, repair of watercourses, funds and
cleaning of karez. In meetings, although the power relations are already defined, but the
influential shareholders may veto a particular issue, over the wishes of numerical
majority.Manifest and latent disputes, among the shareholders are

24
SANITATION:-
The hygienic and sanitation conditions prevalent in the district are not satisfactory. There
are a host of reasons for this situation. The city has grown without proper planning,
therefore it lacks adequate sewerage systems. This is evident after heavy rainfall in
Quetta city, particularly at Zarghoon Road, Prince Road, Meconghy Road and Liaquat
Bazar. Due to lack of education, social and civic responsibilities, the general cleanliness
situation is poor. The existing facilities of toilet and drainage are quite inadequate. There
is no data available to show the waste disposal method of different households. However,
it has been observed that a growing number of households in the town have linked their
flush system with septic tanks. New housing schemes are all having flush systems. This
has been observed mainly in Jinnah, Shahbaz, Smungli and Chaman Housing Schemes.
However, the waste water from most houses is disposed of through open drainage
systems and then it moves outside the main town through Habib Nallah into Quetta Lora.

QUETTA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

The Quetta Municipal Corporation, Cantonment Board and WASA are involved in the
disposal of waste and in the provision of sanitation facilities in District Quetta.
The QMC plays a dominant role in providing and managing sanitation facilities in Quetta
city. Solid waste is disposed of through the following mechanism: Garbage is collected at
house hold level - then it is brought to dustbins which are emptied into a truck or tractor
by Municipal employees. There are 1000 permanent employees with 22 trucks and 3
tractors. The collected garbage and solid waste is dumped into trenching rooms 16 Km
away from Quetta. Then after 3 months it is auctioned.
CANTONMENT:-
In the Cantonment areas, the responsibility for sanitation lies with the authorities of the
Cantonment Board Quetta. There are 190 permanent workers (65% are male and 35%
female). They have trucks to carry garbage into the dumping ground which is 8 Km away
at Kach Road. It is worth mentioning that in the Cantonment area the use of flush
systems is almost 100%. Therefore, the severity of the sanitation problem here is limited
and sanitation is not a big problem.
SCAVENGERS:-
It is worth mentioning that scavengers (garbage collectors) have played a vital role in
sanitation. They sort out the waste material and pick useful things. Would they not be
involved in the sanitation process, the city might have portrayed a different picture. The
recycling industry is functioning due to them.

Public Health Engineering (PHE) Department

25
The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) was created in 1987. The main
objective of this Department was to plan, implement and manage water supply schemes
throughout Balochistan, excluding Quetta City. Among other objectives it was planned to
provide piped water in sufficient quantities to the households, for domestic use. It also
planned to improve the sewerage system and sanitary conditions. PHED is not yet
involved in sanitation works in Quetta city. The organigramme of Public Health
Engineering Department is given below.
Public Health Engineering Department Organigramme (appendix 5)

Private Sector Participation in Sanitation

Private sweepers/cleaners provide services at the household level for excreta and solid
waste disposal and charge a monthly fee. As sanitary practices are not followed, both the
workers and the community face health risks. In addition, the private sector provides the
materials used in the construction of toilets and sewerage systems

GO/NGO/Private Enterprise, etc. involvement in Water Development

In water development, particularly in the coverage of water services in rural areas PHE is
actively involved. Federal government and NGOs have not been involved in sanitation or
water development. Private enterprise and international donors are involved to some
extent in the above mentioned
RULAR AREAS OF DISTRICT QUETTA:-
However, the rural areas and slums in Quetta district present a different picture. The
sanitation here is very poor. There is no drainage system at all. There is no proper method
of disposing of solid waste. The rural sanitation system is inadequate and defective and a
constant threat to the health of the people.
The hygienic conditions are even worse in the rural areas of district Quetta. The streets
are unpaved and have no drains at all. Waste water remains stagnant outside the houses,
giving rise to flies and mosquitoes, creating health hazards. The PHED is not yet
involved in sanitation.
DISPOSABLE OF HUMAN WASTE:-
The present Disposable of human waste in Quetta is as under
Community Toilet 3%
Dry Spit/Bucket latrines 60%
Poor Flush Latrines 9%
Septic Tanks 26%

26
 Sewerage 2%

Almost 2/3rd of the house hold in Quetta City have no proper toilet facilities and those
house holds which have a poor flush laterine or a septic tank do not dispose there waste
in a proper manner The muncipal corporation had more then 25 community laterines in
the city center out of which only 3 are provided with proper flush laterines while the
remaining are of dry pit type having defective or no washing facilities. As more then
60% of the city does not have proper sewerage system. Daily garbage collection is about
to 60 to 70 tons which is a fraction of some 600 tons produced daily. Much of this
garbage is spilled on roads because of insufficient equipments.

SANITATION AT A GLANCE:-
Only a part of Quetta city is being served by a sewerage system and this has been
developed and is maintained by the Quetta Water and Sanitation Agency (QWASA), who
is responsible for providing sewerage facilities. There are a mere 1,165 (1,102 domestic
and 63 commercial) sewerage connections in the entire city. In addition to the QWASA
sewerage system, the communities have constructed sewer lines in some parts of the city.
The sewerage network (especially the portions constructed by the communities) has not
been mapped by QWASA. Also, wastewater is discharged into the natural drains without
any treatment. The domestic sewerage fee is only 10% of the water fee and is billed in
the consumer water bills.

In a few towns sewerage/drainage systems have been developed by the PHED and are
maintained on crisis management basis by the TMAs

Wastewate
r
Treatment
At present there is no wastewater treatment plant for urban or rural areas. In urban areas
the wastewater generated from houses is discharged into street drains/ sewers and, in the
absence of street drains the wastewater remains stagnant in the street. The wastewater
generated from densely populated areas is discharged into natural drains without any
treatment.

27
Solid Waste Management at a Glance
Solid Waste
Management in
Quetta
In Quetta, solid waste collection, transportation and disposal is done by the town
municipal administrations of Chiltan and Zarghoon towns. The TMA of Chiltan town
lifts less than 50% of the solid waste generated while the rest is left lying in the streets
and or in unused plots of land. The collected solid waste is transported to the dumping
site located outside the city.

Private Sector Participation in Solid Waste Management

The private sector is participating in the recycling of household waste materials such as
paper, glass and iron. Vendors buy such material from households while scavengers
collect it from municipal waste dumps and sell it to the Kabari. .

28
 CRITICISM:-

SOME FACTS AND FIGURES:-

• Quetta's population is estimated to between 2 to 2.2million people, growing at
approx 5% per year

• An estimated 65% of this population is in informal settlements or "Kachi

Abadi's".

• The city is spread over 2635 square kilometers.

• Its altitude is 1680-1900 meters above sea level.

• Some estimates place Quetta's population at 3.1 million by the year 2025.

29
CURRENT WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Water Shortfall Project for Quetta based on static
water supply in Million of Gallon per day

YEAR POPULATION WATER WATER SHORTFALL

MILLIONS DEMAND SUPPLY ((MGD
((MGD ((MGD
2005 2.2 26 20 6
2010 2.4 35 20 15
2015 2.6 44 20 24
2020 2.8 53 20 33
2025 3.1 62 20 42

DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

30
 Water Supply and Demand 2006 MGD

Current Demand 26
Current Supply
20
(Net Supply (@ estimated 35% losses
8

SHORTFALL AFTER LOSSES 18

CURRENT WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Water Supply Shortfall Projection for Quetta based on Static water supply after
.distribution losses in millions Gallon per day

ٌُ‫إ‬Yearُ Population Water Demand Water Supply SHORTFALL

Millions ((MGD ((MGD ٌ(MGD)
2005 2.2 26 18 8
2010 2.4 35 18 17
2015 2.6 44 18 26
2020 2.8 53 18 35
2025 3.1 62 18 44

• If we do nothing at all, our shortfall rapidly becomes much worse than it already
is

31
SO WHAT DOES THIS MEANS:-

•We do not see people dieing of thirst as yet, but we need to act now to conserve and
safeguard.

•Because water is essential to survival, people in the city work hard to find water and do
find it in the current scenario.

•Water is available through pipes, tankers, direct bores and connections to water mains
(mostly illegal) as well as through a variety of small private vendors.

•As demand continues to grow, we will find alternate sources of water.

There are lots of challenges:-

•There are large disparities in the price of water -some get it free, others pay nominal
rates, yet others pay 12 times more, and some of the poorest pay up to two-thirds of their
incomes in obtaining water

•Water quality is often very poor and not controlled, and as a result, there are near-daily
reports of deaths due to water-borne diseases.

•Leakages and poor state of water and sewerage pipes means large scale contamination

•Domestic and municipal wastewater naturally degrades and eventually goes into Nala's
and there is no proper system for it.

•The waste takes several days to degrade naturally, meanwhile spreading filth and
disease.

•Due to the shortage of water supplied through pipelines, citizens resort to other sources.

32
 •Many of these sources are contaminated with un-treated sewage, leading to deaths and
diseases.

•Sewage is mixed with industrial waste and finds its way into the other big nala's creating
Pollution.

Specific Issues in Water Supply Quality:-

• There is no mechanism for monitoring water quality either at source or consumer
end.

Specific issues in Sewerage/ Drainage

• Sewerage services are limited in urban areas and almost non-existent in rural
areas.

• There are no municipal waste water treatment plants. Untreated waste water is
discharged in natural streams posing public health hazards.

Specific issues in Solid Waste Management

• Solid waste collection services are limited in urban areas and absent in rural
areas.

• There is no sanitary landfill site for solid waste.

OTHER CRITICAL ISSUES:-

• Poor house holds have limited access to service.

• There is no data base and information system for the sector of water supply and
Sanitation.

• Identification of scheme to be developed in not demand/need based.

• The Engineering design of system adopted by Government agencies are

technically complex and therefore tend to have higher capital costs. This may also
result in higher O&M cost and skill requirements.

33
 • Construction quality of private contractor is week consequently communities are
reluctant to take over the scheme meant to be handed over to community.

• No element of capital costs is recovered through users charges from consumers

and there is no contribution towards capital cost from the communities

• Mechanism for collection of users charges are in adequate

a) No water meters hence water charges are not consumption based.
b) Recovery of O&M cost in government run WSS is almost non existent
c) Water Tariff recovered is deposited in provincial Government accounts thus
not available for O&M

• The electricity tariff charges on commercial basis depite is fact that water supply
is a public service. It should be subsidized as in case of agriculture tube wells .
• The allocation for operation and maintenance of water supply schemes are
inadequate. There is little regular and preventive maintenance. As a result the
schemes may become non functional.

• While the schemes are subsidized rates of electricity operated below design
capacity and there is little regular and preventive maintenance. As a result, the
schemes may become non-functional

• System and Procedures

a) Technical operation andmaintenance systems are not well established ( and not
fully known by some technical staff) and are not being followed. Hence, O&M
standards are low.

b) There are leakages and losses in the water supply distribution network., the
quantum of which is not known due to an absence of bulk baler metering.
Furthermore, there is no leak detection program.

• There are no municipal waste water treatment plants. Untreated waste water is
discharged in natural streams posing public health hazards
.

34

#S ISSUES
1 Poor house holds have limited
access to service particularly in
Quetta Kachi Abadis.
2 There is no data base and
information system for the
sector
3 Identification of scheme to be
developed in not demand/need
based.
SUGGESTIONS:-
STRATGEY TO
ADDRESS THE ISSUES
It is clear that most of the
population is in need of improved
water supply and sanitation
facilities. Supplies will have to be
provided with low cost solutions.
The process for establishment of
a management information
system to be initiated at
provincial, District, T.M.A level
in order to enable to streamline
water supply and sanitation
Development, Collection of
information and data from
agencies responsible for the
sector.
The water supply scheme are
developed with locally defined
needs and capacities.
POLICY OPTIONS
For poor consumers, who cannot afford
house connections, a spot source/stand
post be provided in such streets/mohallas
of urban area.
Data should be available freely to public
through a policy of data sharing through
information technology within and
amongst all water supply & and
Sanitation related organization NGO,
.Consultants etc
Unified water supply and sanitation
policy to be implemented in letter and
sprit. Both the policies have been
35

4 The Engineering design of
system adopted by Government
agencies are technically
complex and therefore tend to
have higher capital costs. This
may also result in higher O&M
cost and skill requirements
#S ISSUES
5 Construction quality of private
contractor is week consequently
communities are reluctant to
take over the scheme meant to
be handed over to community.
6 No element of capital costs is
recovered through users
charges from consumers and
there is no contribution towards
capital cost from the
communities
• Simplification of
technical design.
• Planning in regard to site
selection, technology choice,
water uses role of community in
management.
• Willingness to pay for service
and to be responsible for O&M.
• Implementation of Community
oriented, cost effective and
appropriate design standers
STRATGEY TO
ADDRESS THE ISSUES
The members of water
management Association must be
involved in construction
supervision. So that they are
satisfied with the construction
quality.
1. Contribute labours towards
construction of system
2. To prepare community to share
some of the capital cost whether
in case or material.
formulated and under process of approval
Balochistan in general is water scarce
area and scheme has to be based on under
ground water, as no alternative source is
available in most of the area. The water
table in many basins is more than 700
feet. Therefore the Engineer is
constrained to design the complex nature
schemes. However, the communities will
be involved in designing schemes and
beneficiaries are asked to farm water
management associations to explore
willingness to pay, organize tariff system.
Technical people made responsible to
choose low cost options to match the
.resources available to sustain it
POLICY OPTIONS
Some incentive i.e. pay be given to the
community member who looks after the
construction supervisions and ensures
quality construction
Involvement of community in decision
making at all stages i.e from design stage,
through implementations maintenance
and evaluation.
36
7 Policy will be implemented by the
a) Mechanism for collection
of users charges are in
adequate
b) No water meters hence
water charges are not
consumption based.
c) Recovery of O&M cost in
government run WSS is
almost non existent
d) Water Tariff recovered is
deposited in provincial
Government accounts thus
not available for O&M
8 The electricity tariff charges
on commercial basis depite
is fact that water supply is a
public service. It should be
subsidized as in case of
agriculture tube wells
#Sٍ ISSUES
9 The allocation for operation
and maintenance of water
supply schemes are
inadequate. There is little
regular and preventive
maintenance. As a result the
schemes may become non
functional.
10 While the schemes are
subsidized rates of electricity
operated below design
capacity and there is little
1. To develop effective billing Provincial Government, local /
and collection system as in district Government, in accordance
practice n other service with the Principles and measures
delivery department’s i.e spelt out in the policy.
PTCL,GAS,and Telephone
etc.
2. In township / Urban WS
which are run and maintained
by Government, policy for
installation of water meters be
introduced.
3. Mechanism to be evolved
that wate4r tariff collected
from consumer is utilized for
O&M of the scheme.
4. Privatization of Water Tariff
to be encouraged.
Provincial Government to 4,000/- per Tube Well months to be
request the Federal fixed for water supply tube well. The
Government for subsidizing case has already been taken up with
the electricity Tariff as per the Federal Government.
policy adopted for agriculture
Tube Wells.
STRATGEY TO ADDRESS POLICY OPTIONS
THE ISSUES
The O&M expenditure should 1. Develop and use Technologies that
be worked out by District are low cost easy and cost effective to
Officers for each water supply maintain.
scheme and further be O&M costs to be generated at by .2
scrutinized by higher assigning O&M responsibilities to
provincial level officer and on community organization
these basis a comprehensive
demand for O&M expenditure
of water supply scheme
through out the province be
made
Sufficient funds for 1- Subsidized rates of electricity be
electric tariff and P.O.L should fixed.
be made available. 2- Preventive measures should be
• Enhancement of funds for taken for O&M subject to the
37
 S.No Issues Stratgey to address the issues Policy Options
12regular Specific
and preventive
issues in water O&M.
Regular availability
water supply be taken of sufficient
Water O&M funds.
quality laboratories should be
maintenance. As a water
supply result,quality.
the and got tested. established in each district H.Q to
schemesThere
may become non-
is no mechanism for monitor the water quality of each
functional
monitoring water quality scheme constructed in the districts /
either at source or Tehsils.
11 System and consumer
Proceduresend. Facilitate in developing the a) Proper training of field staff
13 a) Specific
Technical issues O&M systems
in Sewerage
operation and Government
District procedures toresponsible
Wherefor there
O&Misofa scheme
water supply system
/ Drainage
andmaintenance through:
allocate budget for theshould besewerage
essential. /In this regard
drainage system is also
Sewerage
systems services
are not well are development sewerage system. O&M manuals for different
mandatory to benature of
established.
limited in urban
established areas and
( and not schemes should be formulated. O&M
almost
fullynon-existent
known by in rural • Undertake the staff be bound to follow the O&M
areas.
some technical staff) development of O&M manual / policy.
14 There
and arearenotno municipal
being Facilitate in the development
manual Public private sector partnership
waste water
followed. treatment
Hence, of wastewater plant through: should be encouraged to provide
O&Mplants. Untreated
standards arewaste o Budget allocation forb) Water meters should
municipal be water
waste installed at
/ sanitation
waterlowis discharged in purchase of land
• Initiate pilot leakfor points
treatment of bulk water supply and sub
infrastructure
natural streams posing plants
detection programme meter for consumers.
public health hazards o Technical design of
b) There are leakages treatment plan
and losses in the Budget allocation for the c) Under leak detection programme
water supply operation and maintenance upofto date / modern technology in
distribution treatment plant vogue should be used
network., the
quantum of which is
not known due to an
absence of bulk
baler metering.
Furthermore, there is
no leak detection
program.

38
 CONCLUSION:-

Major Conclusions in the area of Water & Sanitation are:

1. Government has made tremendous efforts in providing piped safe drinking water
facilities, specially in the rural areas of the district. However, 100% coverage is
still not realized.
2. It is unfortunate that the beneficiaries of PHED schemes, in some cases are not
paying utility bills. A similar situation is faced by WASA.
3. The hygienic conditions in the district are very poor, there is no proper drainage
system. Even the drainage system of Quetta city is an example of bad planning.
4. The major problem in the development of water has been noticed as the political
interference particularly in rural areas. Water supply schemes are sanctioned on
political grounds rather than on real needs.
5. Illegal water connections have created both hygienic and financial problems for
the PHED and WASA.
6. Water is becoming scarcer because every year the water table is dropping further.
7. There is an acute shortage of water in Quetta City. Underground water will not be
sufficient to tackle the problem. Quetta could turn into a ghost city if the present
situation continues or if no additional sources of water are found.
The consequences of the dropping water table for those who fetch water could be:
- More time will be needed to bring water from distant areas
- It will further burden the life of females, who fetch water
- It will badly affect the ecological balance and agricultural development in the district.
- Sanitation conditions are very poor despite the fact that QMC and Cantonment Board
authorities are trying their best to improve the hygienic condition. However, their
capacity is limited. They are able to dispose of only 75% of solid waste. What is needed

39
is the involvement of the private sector on commercial basis and community participation
through awareness programmes

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS:-

-:Introduction
With the help of management of the Quetta Water and Sanitation Authority , and Quetta
district Government we offer readers of the financial statements this narrative overview
and analysis of the financial activities of the Quetta for the fiscal year ended June
.2006 ,30

Overview of the Financial S'

The District operates as a proprietary fund-type. All proprietary fund-types are
accounted for on a flow of economic resources measurement focus. Under this
measurement focus, all assets and liabilities associated with the operation of these
funds are inducted on the balance sheet. Proprietary und-type operating statements
present increases (revenues) and decreases (expenses) in total net assets.
the accrual basis of accountin~Q . Under this method,~
revenues are recognized when earned, regardless of when received, and expenses are
recognized at the time the related liabilities are incurred. regardless of when paid.

REVENUE
The following is a summary of total revenue for. the reporting period. When reviewing
the following revenue line items, please refer to the Statement of Activities and Changes
in Net Assets

TOTAL OPERATING REVENUE

was lower than last year primarily due to lower water
sales. Presented below are summaries of the components of total operating revenue

EXPENSES

40
Were higher then the last fiscal year due to the inefficancy of the Government agencies.

BUDGET FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 2006-2007

QUETTA WATER SUPPLY

BUDGET OF PROJECT.
A. Water Supply Rs.3285.00 m
B. Enhancement of Recharge Measures. Rs. 300.00 m
C. Sewerage Project. Rs.2331.00 m
D. Drainage Project. Rs. 205.00 m
E. Miscellaneous. Rs. 100.00 m
F. Developement. Rs.1743.55 m

Grand Total Rs.7965.01 million

41
42
S.No. CURRENT RECEIPT B.E.
2006-2007
1.1 WATER CHARGES 3825.000

1.2 SEWERAGE CHARGES 2331.000

1.3 OTHER CHARGES 100.000

1.4 REVISION OF TARIFF 0.000
SUB TOTAL 5716
1.5 ARREARS RECOVERABLE FROM G.O.S / C.D.G.K 985.179
CONTRIBUTION FROM CDGK (ACT1996) 0.000
OTHER RECEIVABLE 0.000
SUBSIDY SINCE 2001 0.000
1.6 Additional Subsidy from CDGK NEW APPOINTMENTS 0.000

CAPITAL RECEIPTS
Govt. Aided Projects
ADP Program on Going Projects 1263.861.000
0.000
1.7 TOTAL RECEIPTS 7965.04
2 EXPENDITURE
2.1 ESTABLISHMENT 45.580

CONTINGENCIES
2.2
PETROL FOR VEHICLES 6.459
2.3
PRINTING AND STATIONARY 1.390
2.4 TELEPHONE 9.047
2.5
SOAP AND DUSTER 2.000
2.6 MEDICAL FACILITIES 10.500
2.7 VEHICLE RUNNING EXPENSES 9.285
2.8 LEGAL FEES 2.000
2.9 ADVERTISEMENT 4.500
2.10 PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL .150
2.11 TOURNAMENT FEES AND GAMES 0.200
2.12 EDUCATION HELP 1.000
2.13 HAJJ EXPENSES 1.500
2.14 FUNERAL CHARGES .300
2.15 BILLING AUTOMATION & REFERENDUM 3.150
2.16 UN FORESEEN CHAIRMAN POOL 5.000
2.17 UN FORESEEN M.D POOL 5.000
2.18 OFFICE CONTINGENCIES 3.828
2.19 MISCELLANEOUS 5.890
43
TOTAL CONTINGENCES 100.199 m
OPERATIONAL COST

ALUM CHLORINE & CHEMICALS 25.000

GAS 20.000
FUEL FOR PUMPING STATIONS 35.000
ELECTRICITY 420.000
COST OF RAW WATER 5.000
TOTAL OPERATIONAL COST 505.000 m
MAINTENANCE WORKS 10.993
R/M OF BUILDINGS PUMP HOUSES FILTER PLANTS 15.050
R/M OF STAFF COLONIES 16.699
R/M OF CONDUITS SIPHONS R/M OF TRUNKS MAIN 20.278
R/M OF FILTER PLANTS PUMP HOUSES AND SEWER. CLEANING
EQUIPMENTS 67.275
R/M OF WATER AND SEWERAGE LINES 64.594
UNFORESEEN CHAIRMAN 'S POOL 5.000
UNFORESEEN M..D,S POOL 5.000
CONTRACT FOR SEWERMAN R/M TASKS 12.250
DISCONNECTIONS THROUGH CONTRACT MANAGEMENT 4.000
SPARE PARTS TOOLS & PLANTS 0.000
WATER SUPPLY THROUGH TANKERS 0.000
CONSUMABLE MATERIAL 7.700
HOLLOW BAMBOOS 6.777
MANHOLES COVERS 6.300
UNFORESEEN 1.750
DEBT RETIREMENT 17.000
R/M OF STORM WATER DRAIN 47.859
PAYMENT TO SEWER MAN (.S.W.D) 11.565
LIABILITIES OF MAINTENANCE WORKS 0.000
TOTAL REPAIR & MAINTENANCE 2,331.090
DEVELOPMENTS
PURCHASE OF FURNITURE /P.C 5.475
PURCHASE OF VEHICLES. 0.000
PURCHASE OF AMMUNITIONS 6.235
CONSULTANCY CHARGES SCHEMES STUDIES 15.000
FINANCIAL IMPROVEMENT MEASURES 5.000
UP GRADATION HARDWARE/SOFTWARE &CONSUMER'S CELL
EXPENSES 39.000
DEVELOPMENTS WORKS BOUNDARY WALLS 49.800

44
2.49 DEVELOPMENT & IMPROVEMENT WORKS 480.800
2.50 LIABILITIES DEVELOPMENT WORKS (GOVT.AIDED) 0.000
2.51 DEVELOPMENTS WORK (GOVT.ADIDE) 1384.000
2.52 ADP PROGRAM ON GOING PROJECT 0.000
TOTAL DEVELOPMENTS 1743.55

REVENUE RESORUCES 2007-2008

DETAIL RECIEPTS

Current Receipts Rs.In. Million

Water Charges (Bulk & Retail) 2400.00
Sewerage Charges (Bulk & Retail) 350.000
Tariff Revise 300.00
Other 450.00
Arrears From G.O.P / G.O.S 1365.800
Other Receivable 473.533
Receivable Subsidy from CDGK 1890.540
Additional Receivable Subsidy from CDGK 436.736

Sub Total ========> 8,664.2609

45
 BUDGET SUMMARY :-

Budget Summary 2006-07 Rs.In.Million

Total Receipts Water & Sewerage 3285.000

Arrears From Government of Quetta & Pakistan 2331.000
Other Receivable 100.000
Receivable Subsidy fromQDGK Since 2001 985.179
Additional Receivable Subsidy From CDGK 0.000
Government Aided Projects 1263.861
Total Receipts 7965.04
EXPENDITURE
Establishment 1045.580
Contingencies 100.199
Repair & Maintenance 2331.090
Development 1743
Government Aided Project 1263.861
Total Expenditure 7965.04

46
 REFERNECES:-

REFERENCES:-
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta_District

2. prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/58-1.pdf

3. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&s
ectionid=4&id=48&Itemid=540

4. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3
37&Itemid=829

5. http://apnabalochistan.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3
39&Itemid=83

6. http://www.bdd.sdnpk.org/districts/quetta/water%20supply%20quetta.html

7. waterpakistan.com/StanderNationalDrinkingWaterStanderds.doc

8. www.balochistan.gov.pk/new%20folder/BDSSP/BDSSP-
Data/PHE/PHE%20Sector%20Strategy%20new.pdf

9. http://pakistan.saarctourism.org/pakistan-facts.html

10. www.quetta.gov.pk

47
 11. www.dawn.com/2004/07/31/local.htm

OTHER REFERENCES:-
12. Water and Sanitation Authority Quetta (WASA)

13. Water and Sanitation Program (unicef)

14. Merck Marker Private Limited Quetta

15. Water and Environment Safety Society Quetta(WESS0

APPENDIXES

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

48
 Appendix 3

STANDARDS OF QUALITY DRINKING WATER IN PAKISTAN

PROPERTIES/PARAME GUIDELINE/STANDARD WHO STANDARDS

TERS VALUES FOR PAKISTAN

Physical

Colour TCU 15≤ TCU 15≤

Taste Non objectionable/Acceptable Non objectionable/Acceptable

Odour Non objectionable/Acceptable Non objectionable/Acceptable

Turbidity NTU 5 ‹ NTU 5 ‹

Total hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 500 > ---

TDS 1000 ‹ 1000 ‹

pH 8.5 – 6.5 8.5 – 6.5

Chemical

Essential Inorganic mg/Litre mg/Litre

Aluminium (Al) mg/1 0.2> 0.2

(Antimony (Sb (P) 0.005> 0.02

(Arsenic (As (P) 0.05 > 0.01

49
PROPERTIES/PARAME GUIDELINE/STANDARD WHO STANDARDS
TERS VALUES FOR PAKISTAN

(Barium (Ba (P)2.0> 0.7

(Boron (B (P) 0.5 – 0.3 (T) 0.5

(Cadmium (Cd 0.01 – 0.003 0.003

(Chloride (Cl 400> 250

(Chromium (Cr 0.05> 0.05

(Copper (Cu 2–1 2

Toxic Inorganic mg/Litre mg/Litre

(Cyanide (CN (P)0.1 – 0.05 0.07

*(Fluoride (F 1.5> 1.5

(Lead (Pb 0.05> 0.01

(Manganese (Mn 0.5 > 0.5

(Mercury (Hg 0.001> 0.001

(Nickel (Ni 0.02> 0.02

*(Nitrate (NO3 50> 50

*(Nitrite (NO2 (P) 3> 3

(Selenium (Se (P)0.01 0.01
Residual chlorine at consumer end 0.2-0.5 --

at source 0.5-1.5

(Zinc (Zn 5.0 – 2.0 3

.indicates priority health related inorganic constituents which need regular monitoring *

P indicates that the limits given are provisional because the authenticated data is not available for the conformation of human health related
.effects with these constituents

Organic
Pesticides mg/L PSQCA No. 4639-2004, Page
No. 4 Table No. 3 Serial No. 20-

50
PROPERTIES/PARAME GUIDELINE/STANDARD WHO STANDARDS
TERS VALUES FOR PAKISTAN

***.58 may be consulted

Phenolic compounds 0.002 >

as Phenols) mg/L)

Polynuclear aromatic (By GC/MS method ) 0.01

hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L

Bacterial
Escherechia coli MPN 3 – 0

Non-chlorinated water (only in 5 % sample of water)

Escherechia coli Must not be detectable in 100

ml sample

Coliform As above

Radioactive
Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi pCi 1 --

Beta emitters

PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority ***

Appendix 4

Public Health Engineering Department Organigramme

XEN

SDO SDO

51
 S/E S/E S/E S/E S/E S/E

XEN: Executive Engineer

SDO: Sub-Division Officer
S/E : Sub-Engineer

APPENDIX 5

Coverage Water and Sanitation Local Govt. Prov. Govt. Fed. Govt. NGO Internat. Private Entr.
Services Donor

Construction
x xxx - - xxx x

Management
x xxx - - - xx

Operation & Maintenance

x xxx - - - xx

Legend: - no involvement
x minor involvement

xx substantial involvement

xxx major involvement

Source:- Public Health Engineering Department

APPENDIX 6

52
 Source:- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
APPENDIX 7

QUEETA WATER AND SEWERAGE BOARD

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT JUNE 30,2006

2006 2007
ASSETS Note
Rupees Rupees
Non-current assets 03 20,272,541,1 21,231,213,4
Tangible fixed assets
Operating fixed assets 04 5,970,774,6 5,195,591,3
Capital Work-in-progress 05 5,395,978,5 5,185,260,9
Current assets -- ---55,395,978,5 5,185,260,9
Debtors 06 317,569,5 366,142,6
Advances, prepayments and other receivables 317,569,5 366,142,6
Cash at banks 07 632,342,3 954,086,0
Total====================> -- 285892060 332984368
------------------------------ --
RESERVES AND LIABILITIES -- ------- ----
Reserves -- ----- ----
Capital reserve 08 3,770,914,2 3,770,914,2
Accumulated Surplus / (Deficit) 5,540,379,0) (2,847,351,9)

53
 (1,769,464,8) (923,562,2)

GRANTS 09 8,391,912,6 7,511,969,7

Non-current liabilities -- --- ----
Long-term loans 10 23,764,509,9 22,475,096,5
Consumer' deposits 11 156,554,0 142,853,6

Total====================> -- 395548049 310534821

Current liabilities -- -- --
Current maturity of long -term loans 12 1,383,804,3 1,047,704,3
Short-term Deposits 13 407,064,5 391,881,3
Creditors, accrued and other liabilities 14 254,825,4 439,226,5
Total====================> 20456942 18788121
Contingencies and commitments 15 ------------- -----4f--------
-Total Liabilities and Reserves=======> ----

Source:- District Government Quetta

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