Fall 2012 EE430 Digital Signal Processing Project Description

In this project, a loudspeaker and a microphone will be used to identify the acoustic channel and an extended-DTMF (dual-tone multi-frequency) signaling scheme will be implemented. The acoustic channel including the loudspeaker and microphone can be determined by emitting a sound wave and receiving it through the microphone. Since the transmitted signal and received signal are known, the impulse response of the channel can be determined through a deconvolution or inverse filtering operation. There are also other methods to find the channel response and the use of such techniques is a plus. Once the channel is characterized, it will be equalized by filtering the transmitted signal with the inverse channel filter. The second part of the project is the implementation of the extended-DTMF signaling scheme. DTMF is used in telephone systems for tone dialing. In standard DTMF systems, a dual-tone signal is transmitted when a key is pressed. The standard frequencies for each key are given in the table below. Frequency (Hz) 697 770 852 941 1209 1 4 7 * 1336 2 5 8 0 1477 3 6 9 # 1633 A B C D

For example, when A is pressed, a low frequency tone at 697 Hz and a high frequency tone at 1633 Hz are transmitted simultaneously. The frequencies in this table are selected such that the sum and difference of high and low frequencies do not overlap with the other frequencies in the table. The minimum duration for a tone is 70msec. The DTMF transmitter transmits the appropriate tones when a key is pressed and the receiver receives and decodes the associated symbol. In this project, an extended-DTMF system is designed where more frequencies are used for a larger key set as shown below. Frequency (Hz) 1209 E F G H I 1 4 7 * 1336 J K L M N 2 5 8 0 1477 O P Q R S 3 6 9 # 1633 T U V W X A B C D

Y Z / .

697 770 852 941

In order to find the missing frequencies, you need to write a MATLAB program such that the sum and difference frequencies do not overlap with the frequencies in the table. The selection of the

frequencies determines the accuracy of the DTMF system. The minimum and maximum frequencies should be 350Hz and 1800Hz respectively. Once you determine your frequency list, you implement your DTMF transmit and receive modules in MATLAB. Your system should transmit a text composed of the symbols in your table and receive the transmitted symbols correctly using the equalized acoustic channel determined in part 1. A demo will be performed by each group where your professors will grade your project work. The evaluation will be done based on the quality and performance of the implementation as well as the answers to the questions during the demo. Demo duration will be short (at most 15 minutes). Therefore prepare yourself accordingly to show the project work at your best. You should also return a project report where all the system descriptions, programs and results are presented.

Part 1: Determining the acoustic system response In this part, you need to determine the acoustic system response. The experiment setup is given in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Experiment setup We assume that the acoustic system is composed of a loudspeaker, acoustic channel (where some obstacles in the path or nearby objects are possibilities) and a microphone. Overall system is assumed to be LTI. Two possible ways to determine the acoustic system response are; a. Deconvolution method [1]: In this method, a known signal is transmitted and the received signal is recorded. In frequency domain, we have Y(ej)=H(ej)X(ej). System response can be obtained as H(ej)=Y(ej)/X(ej). This method has certain problems such as noise amplification due to spectral zeros. An appropriate signal for this method may be a linear or nonlinear frequency modulated waveform such as a chirp. Better results can be obtained with a Wiener filter [2] which uses a kind of regularization to avoid noise amplification. b. Cross correlation method [2]: In this method, a white noise signal is generated and transmitted. In the receiver, the same signal is cross correlated with the received signal. The result of the cross correlation is the impulse response of the system.

The outcomes in this part are the MATLAB program for transmit, receive and system response. In addition, time and frequency domain plots for the transmitted, received and system responses should be presented. A real-time time and/or frequency plot will be a plus.

Part 2: Extended-DTMF system implementation In this part, you need to implement the transmitter and receiver systems for the extended-DTMF system [3] in MATLAB. The target is to transmit a text message composed of the symbols in the extended-DTMF system in one computer and receive and write the message on screen on another computer. The operation may be offline. The inverse channel filter, 1/H(ej), found in part 1 can be used to equalize the channel before the DTMF operation. In your report, you can present your results with and without using the channel equalization.

[1] A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer, Discrete-time Signal Processing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2009. [2]C.W. Therrien, Discrete random signals and statistical signal processing, Prentice Hall, 1992. [3] Suvad Selman, Design of DTMF and its Implementation Using TMS320C6713 DSK BOARD: Recognition Algorithms, 2012.