LINUX

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.conf or .cfg .gz & .bz2 .sh .tar .gz .txt /bin

...file is a configuration file that contains text. ...file is a compressed file. Z is compressed ...file is a shell script. ...ile is a compressed archived file. Tar is archived ...file denotes a text file. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains the binary commands for use by all users. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains the Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains device files. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains system-specific configuration files. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that is the default location for user home directories. Where files live ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains shared program libraries (used by the commands in /bin and /sbin) as well as kernel modules. ... is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that holds temporary files created by programs. ... is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains most system commands and utilities. ...is a Linux directory defined by the FHS that contains log files and spools. the most common open source Web server available for Linux. ...is the default Linux shell and is a command line shell. default ...files are files that contain machine language (0's & 1's) and store information (such as common functions and graphics) used by executable programs (binary compiled programs). ...command displays the contents of a text file to the screen. ...command is used to change the current directory in the directory tree. Change directory ...

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change groups change ownership change permissions clear Closed source code configuration file copy directories

...The _____chgrp____ command changes the group owner of a file or directory. ...The _____chown (change owner)____ command changes the ownership of a file or directory. ... ... is a BASH shell command that clears the screen. software is software in which the source code is not available and is usually quite costly. ... .conf or .cfg The ____cp_____ command copies files. It requires two arguments at a minimum: the source file/directory (may specify multiple sources) and the target file/directory. The target file/directory is always listed last. The original file is still in tact. (Copy) cp -R proj_files /home/user1 ...The ____cp_____ command copies files. It requires two arguments at a minimum: the source file/directory (may specify multiple sources) and the target file/directory. The target file/directory is always listed last. The original file is still in tact. (Copy) cp /etc/hosts ...The _____touch____ command is used to create an empty file. touch file1 ...mkdir proj_files ...The ____ln (link)___ command creates a hard link between two files. The two required arguments are the existing file to hard-link and the target file to create as a link to the existing file. ... ...is used to organize other files into a logical tree structure. - folder ...is a special file on the filesystem that is used to organize other files into a logical tree structure. ... ...are files that can be executed by the Linux operating system to run in memory as a process and perform a useful function.

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5. 6.

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/boot

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8.

/dev /etc /home

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9.

10.

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/lib

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copy files

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/tmp /usr /var Apache BASH shell binary data file

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29.

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create an empty file touch file1 create directories creating linked files

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15.

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default permissions directory directory file

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18.

cat cd

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19.

35.

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change default permissions - what is

executable files - in a list executable program

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37.

execute permission exit find

... ...is a BASH shell command that exits out of your current shell. ...command does not use a premade index of files, but instead searches the directory tree recursively starting from a certain directory for files that meet a certain criterion. ... ...is a BASH shell command that displays information on system users. Richard Stallman formed the ________ to encourage free software development. A lot of free software was developed in the 1980s that ran on the UNIX system, however the problem was that UNIX was not free. Free Software Foundation ...is closed source software that is given out free of charge. ... editor is a graphical text editor that is distributed with the GNOME GUI environment. It does not have advanced functionality like vi or emacs. It is the easiest editor to use and its functionality analogous to the Windows Wordpad and Notepad editors. ... is a GUI environment in Linux that was written in the C programming language and uses the widely available gtk toolkit. ...stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available. ...command is used to display lines in a text file that match a certain common regular expression. ( global regular expression print) ...refers to the users with the ability to change permissions on a file or directory. ... ...files are direct copies of one another, as they share the same inode and inode number. ...By default, the _______ command views the first ten lines of a file. ... ...

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journaling

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...file system is one that keeps track of the information written to the hard drive in a journal. each step required to copy a file to the new location is first written to a journal, so that the system can retrace the steps the system took prior to a power outage and complete the file copy.

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finding files finger Free Software Foundation (FSF)

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KDE

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...is a GUI environment in Linux that was written in the C++ programming language and uses the qt toolkit. ... ...command, the user can use the space bar to go to the next page and use the enter key to go to the next line. In addition, the user can use the cursor keys on the keyboard to scroll up and down the contents of the document. ... ...indicates how many files share the inode number. ...are files that have an association with one another and they represent the same data or they point to another file. Shortcuts ... ...Linux was first developed by ________ in 1991 when he was experimenting with improving MINIX. ...uses the commonly developed Linux operating system kernel & libraries, yet was packaged with add-on software specific to a certain use. ...was developed collaboratively and was centrally managed. ... command looks in a premade indexed database that contains a list of all of the files on the system. This database is updated each day automatically or the user can type the updatedb command at the command prompt. command is the fastest method to search for files in the Linux directory tree. ...command lists the files in a directory. Ls means list ... is an open forum of Linux users who discuss and assist each other in using and modifying the Linux OS. ...are the most common form of documentation for Linux commands. They are called "man" pages. At the command prompt, type "man" followed by a command name. contain different section numbers.

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kedit less

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Freeware gedit

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link link count linked file

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linked files Linus Torvalds Linux distribution

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GNOME

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GPL ( GNU Public License) grep

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Linux kernel locate

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group hard link hard links head hidden files - in a list home directory inode

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49. 50.

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ls LUG (linux user group) manual pages

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...describes one file or directory on the filesystem and contains a unique number for identification. It also stores information such as file size, data block locations, last date modified, permissions and ownership.

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MINIX

... is a small educational version of UNIX developed by Andrew Tannenbaum for the Intel x86 platform. ...of the kernel is even, the kernel is referred to as a __Production___ kernel. This kernel has been thoroughly tested and is stable. ...of the kernel is odd, the kernel is referred to as a __Developmental___ kernel. This kernel has not been fully tested and may not be stable. ...is the section of the inode that stores permissions for a file. ...

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Minor number even Minor number odd mode mode structure more

remove entire directory with files remove entire directory without files remove files

...The ______rm -R_____ command can be used to remove a directory along with the files inside of the directory. ...The rmdir (remove directory) command only removes a directory if it contains no files. The -R and -f options are helpful.

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...The ______rm_____ command removes files in a directory and requires a list of arguments specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of the files. (remove) ... ...mv myscript myscript2 ...is a BASH shell command that resets your terminal to use default terminal settings. ...in Linux is the top level directory and is referred to using the / character. ...Linux can share resources with other computers running other operating systems. The most common service used to allow clients to connect to shared information and printers on a Linux server is __________, which makes a Linux server appear as a Windows server to Windows clients. ...is applicable to both files and directories. If it is set on a file, the user who executes the file becomes a member of the group that is attached to that file during execution. If it is set on a directory, the user's name becomes the owner of the file and the directory's group becomes the group owner of the file. ...is closed source software that is initially given out free of charge, but that requires payment after a certain period of use. ...is a user interface that accepts input from the user and passes this input to the kernel for processing. ...allow a process on another computer to write to a file on a local computer while another process reads from that file. Not allow in windows ...represent different system devices. They are usually found in the /dev directory and are usually accessed by a system administrator. ...was previously used on files in the past to lock them in memory. However, they are currently applicable to directories. This ensures that a user can only delete his/her own files in a directory.

88. 75.

...command displays the text files page-bypage. You can use the space bar to go to the next page or you can use the enter key to go to the next line. ...The _____mv_____ command moves files from one directory to another. It requires two arguments at a minimum: the source file/directory (may specify multiple sources) and the target file/directory. The target file and/or directory is always listed last. (move) ... identify a channel that passes information from one process in memory to another process. They are usually accessed by a system administrator. ...are programs that are distributed and licensed so that the source code is available to anyone who wants to examine, utilize or improve upon it. ...refers to all of the other users on the Linux system. ...Is a software system that installs and maintains software. It keeps track of installed software, requires a standard format and documentation, and can manage and remove software from a system by recording all relevant software information in a central software database on your computer. It is similar to the Add/Remove Programs applet in Windows. ... is a small, manageable section of a hard drive. ...command displays the current directory in the directory tree. Print working directory - print means print to screen. ... ...

rename directories rename files reset root directory Samba

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move files

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named pipe

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Open Source Software (OSS) other package manager

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SGID

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shareware

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shell

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socket file

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partition pwd

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special device file sticky bit

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read permission READING permissions

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99. 100.

strings SUID

... ...is set on a file, the user who executes the file temporarily becomes the owner of the file during execution. It has no functionality when it is set on a directory. It is only applicable to binary compiled programs. Any user can test network connectivity with the ping command. ...is the section of the filesystem that contains information about the filesystem in general such as the number of inodes and data blocks, as well as how much data a data block stores in Kilobytes. ...be two times the size of the physical memory (RAM). ...

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X Windows

...The core component of the Linux GUI is____

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superblock

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swap partition symbolic link shortcut symbolic links

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104.

...do not share the same inode and inode number with their target file. One file is simply a pointer to another file and thus both files have different sizes. do not need to reside on the same filesystem as the target. ...command displays a file in reverse order so that the bottom line of the file is displayed first. ...By default, the _______ command views the last ten lines of a file. ...is a compressed archive of files containing scripts that install software to the correct location on the system. It has no central software database and is very difficult to manage, upgrade or remove programs. ...is the channel that allows a certain user to log in to the kernel locally or across a network. ...refers to the owner of a file or directory. ...A partition formatted with a file system is called a _____ ...is a BASH shell command that displays currently logged-in users and their tasks. command only searches for executable files in directories that are listed in a special variable called the PATH variable in the current BASH shell. ...is a BASH shell command that displays currently logged-in users. ...is a BASH shell command that displays your login name. ...

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tac

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tail tarball

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terminal

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user volume w - most information which

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who whoami write permission

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