Derivationofvariousquantities forPumps f P byapplicationofBuckingham by application of Buckingham theorem theorem

Basicquantities
1.Pressure istheforceperunitareaexertedbyacompressed fluidonasurface. fluid on a surface
TheforceFduetopressurepactingonasurfaceofareaAishenceF= pA.The basicunitofpistheN/m2 orPascal.Thefollowingmultiplesare used. d 1kPa=103N/m2 1MPa=106N/m2 1bar=105N/m2

2.ThebasicunitofVolumeisthem3 orcubicmeter.IntheSI systemweadoptmultiplesof1000.

1m3 =103dm3 (litre)=106cm3 (millilitre)=109mm3

3.SHAFTPOWER Theshaftpowerofapumpisthemechanicalpowertransmittedtoitbytheshaft. Theformulaeistheproductofpeedandtorquesuchthat: The formulae is the product of peed and torque such that: S.P.=T istheangularspeedoftheshaftinradians/sandTisthetorquetransmittedin Nm.Sincespeedismoreusuallymeasuredinrev/minthealternativeformulais: Nm. Since speed is more usually measured in rev/min the alternative formula is: S.P.=2NT/60 Nisthespeedinrev/min 4.FLUIDPOWER Fluidpoweristheenergypersecondcarriedinthefluidintheformofpressureand quantity.Fluidpowerisdefinedas F.P.=Qp Qistheflowrateinm3/sandp thechangeinpressureoverthepumpinN/m2. 5.OVERALLEFFICIENCY 5 OVERALL EFFICIENCY Theoverallefficiencyistheratioofoutputpower(FluidPower)toinputpower (ShaftPower). Becauseoffrictionandinternalleakage,thepowerinputtoapumpislargerthan Because of friction and internal leakage the power input to a pump is larger than thefluidpower(addedtothefluid).Theoverallefficiencyofthepumpishence: =F.P./S.P.

DimensionalAnalysisUsingBuckingham Theorem
The power 'P' of any rotary hydraulic pump depends upon the P density '' , the speed 'N', the characteristic diameter 'D', the head change 'H', the volume flow rate 'Q' and the gravitational constant 'g'. The general equation is: P=f(,N,D,H,Q,g) ItisnormaltoconsidergH asonequantity. It i lt id H tit P=f{,N,D,(gH),Q} There are 6 quantities and 3 dimensions so there are three dimensionless groups 1, 2and 3. First form a group with P and ND.

SpecificSpeedNs
The specific speed is a parameter used for pumps and turbines to determine the best design to match a given pumped system. The formula may be derived from consideration of the pump geometry or by dimensional analysis. The latter will be used here.

Thethreedimensionlessnumbersrepresentthepowercoefficient, theflowcoefficientandtheheadcoefficientrespectively.Now considerafamilyofgeometricallysimilarmachinesoperatingat consider a family of geometrically similar machines operating at dynamicallysimilarconditions.Forthistobethecasethe coefficientsmusthavethesamevaluesforeachsize.Letthe3 coefficientsbe1,2and3suchthat ffi i t b 1 2 d 3 h th t

Nsisadimensionlessparameterthatandtheunitsusedarenormally N i di i l t th t d th it d ll rev/minforspeed,m3/sforflowrateandmetersforhead.