Introduction to WiMAX

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Introduction: WiMAX

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Introduction: WiMAX

WiMAX Profiles and Frequency Bands

Band Class Index
1

Frequency Range (GHz)

2.3-2.4

Channel Frequency Step (kHz)

250

FFT Channel Bandwidth(s) Size (MHz)

5 10 8,75 3,5 5 10 5 10 512 1024

Duplexing Mode

Profile Name

TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

1B

2.305-2.320, 2.345-2.360 2.496-2.69

250

250

512 512 1024 512 1024 512 1024 1024 512 1024 1024 512 1024 1024 512 1024 1024

1A 2A 2B 2C 3A

3.3-3.4

250

3.4-3.8

250

3.4-3.6

250

3.6-3.8

250

5 7 10 5 7 10 5 7 10 5 7 10

4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 5C 5AL 5BL 5CL 5AH 5BH 5CH

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Introduction: WiMAX

Technical Parameters of Profile 1A (Wibro)

Parameter System bandwidth [MHz] Sampling frequency FS [MHz] Sample time (1/FS) [s] Numbers

8.75 10 0.1 1024 10MHz / 1024 = 9.766 kHz 102.4 12.8 115.2 5ms

FFT size NFFT Subcarrier frequency spacing Df [kHz] Useful symbol time Tb = 1/Df [s] Guard time Tg = 1/8 Tb [s] OFDMA symbol time TS = Tb + Tg [s] System Frame Time

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Introduction: WiMAX

Technical Parameters of Profile 1A (Wibro)

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Introduction: WiMAX

Technical Parameters of Profile 3A

Parameter System bandwidth [MHz] Sampling frequency FS [MHz] Sample time (1/FS) [s] Numbers

10.0 11.2 0.0893 1024 11.2 MHz / 1024 = 10.94 kHz 91.43 11.43 102.86

FFT size NFFT Subcarrier frequency spacing Df [kHz] Useful symbol time Tb = 1/Df [s] Guard time Tg = 1/8 Tb [s] OFDMA symbol time TS = Tb + Tg [s]

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Introduction: WiMAX

Frequency Domain Sub-Channelisation (DL)

Example for FFT size 256 Profile 1A and 3A use FFT size 1024

The picture does not show the real pilot distribution. In downlink every cluster needs 2 pilots for 1A and 3A.
7 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008 Introduction: WiMAX

Subchannelization in WiMAX OFDMA

Physical sub-carriers are mapped to logical sub-channels

2 allocation modes:
FUSC = Fully Utilized Sub-channel Allocation all sub-channels are used for transmission

PUSC = Partially Utilized Sub-channel Allocation a configurable part of the sub-channels are used for transmission

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Introduction: WiMAX

Frame Structure: WiMAX (OFDMA)

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Introduction: WiMAX

Frame Structure: WiMAX (OFDMA)

Power Downlink TTG Uplink RTG Time

Preamble

FCH & DL MAP

PUSC Zone #1

PUSC Zone #2

...

FUSC Zone #1

...

AMC Zone

PUSC Zone

AMC Zone

Sounding

FCH

Burst #2

Burst #1

UL Burst #1

Burst #3 MAC

Burst #4 e.g. QPSK

UL Burst #2

Burst #3 e.g. 16QAM H_ARQ Allocation Burst #2 e.g. 64QAM

Burst #5

UL Burst #3

Burst #6 e.g. QPSK

H-ARQ

UL Burst #4 Burst #4 UL Burst #5

OFDMA symbol number

0 1 2 3 4 10

OFDMA symbol number Time domain

0 1 2

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Introduction: WiMAX

Downlink: Pilot Allocation in Preamble

Preamble Index 32 ... 63, 97, 100, 103, 106, 109, 112 Preamble Index 0 ... 31, and 96, 99, 102, 105, 108, 111 Pilots in Preamble

A C

3 sets of preamble sub-carriers are defined (1 set per segment)

Preamble Index 64 ... 95, 98, 101, 104, 107, 110, 113

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Introduction: WiMAX

Downlink: Zone / Segment

A
Zone: - Group of contiguous OFDMA symbols with same permutation

B C

Segment: - a segment is sub-division of available sub-channels - one segment may also contain all sub-channels - segmentation can be different for different zones users at cell center: grouped in a zone with all sub-channels users at the edges: grouped in zones with a subset of the sub-channels

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Introduction: WiMAX

Downlink: Pilot Carriers in Preamble

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Introduction: WiMAX

Downlink: Pilot Carriers in Preamble

Pilots used by segment 0.

Pilot distribution during preamble

Pilots reserved for segment 1.

Pilots reserved for segment 2.

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Introduction: WiMAX

OFDMA Sub-Carrier Allocation Modes

Adjacent Sub-Carrier Allocation
contiguous sub-carriers are grouped into sub-channels no sub-charrier permutation example: DL/ UL AMC

Distributed Sub-Carrier Allocation

distributed sub-carriers are grouped into sub-channels grouping according to permutation scheme (PermBase) maximise frequency diversity to minimise fading impact Examples: FUSC (Fully Used Sub-Channelisation): DL only - all sub-channels available PUSC (Partially Used Sub-Channelisation): DL and UL - sub-channel use according to sub-channel bitmap
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Partially Used Sub-Channelisation: PUSC

Distributed allocation type First divide available subcarriers into subchannels Allocate pilots within each subchannel (Each subchannel contains its own set of pilots) DL PUSC
Cluster: 14 adjacent subcarriers are grouped into 1 cluster, each cluster contains 2 pilots Subchannel: 2 clusters Slot: area in data region covering 1 subchannel x 2 OFDMA symbols

UL PUSC
Tile: 4 adjacent subcarriers x 3 OFDMA syxmbols, each tile contains 4 pilots Slot: area in data region covering 1 subchannel x 3 OFDMA symbols one slot consists of 6 tiles
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DL-PUSC: OFDMA slot and data region

OFDMA slot definition depends on subcarrier allocation mode
DL PUSC: slot = 1 subchannel x 2 OFDMA symbols

Data Region
2 dimensional allocation of contiguous subchannels in a group of contiguous OFDMA symbols

1 Slot

even symbol

odd symbol

DL-PUSC
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DL-PUSC: Slot in Data Region

k c c+ 1 c+ 2 c+ 4 c+ 5 c+ 6 c+ 7 c+ 8 c+ 9
sub channel index

k+ 1

k+ 2

k+ 3

k+ 4

k+ 5

symbol index

k+ 6

k+ 7

k+ 8

even symbol odd symbol

1 sub-channel: width of 2 clusters

1 Slot
Data region Burst
Number of OFDM symbols

Number of sub channels

Pilot Data

2 pilot carriers per cluster 12 data carriers per cluster

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Introduction: WiMAX

UL-PUSC: OFDMA slot and data region

OFDMA slot definition depends on subcarrier allocation mode
UL PUSC: slot = 1 subchannel by 3 OFDMA symbols

Data Region
2 dimensional allocation of contiguous subchannels in a group of contiguous OFDMA symbols

1 Slot

UL-PUSC
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UL-PUSC: Slot in Data Region

k c c+ 1 c+ 2 c+ 4 c+ 5 c+ 6 c+ 7 c+ 8 c+ 9
sub channel index

k+ 1

k+ 2

k+ 3

k+ 4

k+ 5

symbol index

k+ 6

k+ 7

k+ 8

1 sub-channel: width of 6 tiles

Pilot Data

4 pilot carriers per tile 8 data carriers per tile

OFDM symbol

1 Slot
Data region Burst
Number of OFDM symbols

Number of sub channels

Sub carriers

Tile

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Introduction: WiMAX

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Introduction: WiMAX

Frame Structure: WiMAX MIMO

SISO-PUSC mandatory

optional: SISO, MIMO Ant. 0

SISO, coll. MIMO

always inactive

optional: SISO MIMO Ant. 1 SISO, SISO

SISO, collab. MIMO

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Introduction: WiMAX

DL MIMO: Space Time Coding = Matrix A

Intelligence on TX side Intelligence on RX side

TX Data

Data Processing

TX

Data Processing

RX Data

Rx

increased range

Alamouti Coding:
23 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008

a* a
Introduction: WiMAX

b a

-b*

DL MIMO: Spacial Multiplex = Matrix B

original 010110

TX

010 110

hxx

RX

received 010110

increased throughput

r=Hs+n

h11 h12 H= h21 h22

Introduction: WiMAX

n = AWGN

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Uplink MIMO: Collaborative MIMO

Tx1 Tx2

010 110

hxx

Rx

received 010 110

increased throughput /subscriber number

r=Hs+n

h11 h12 H= h21 h22

Introduction: WiMAX

n = AWGN

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Downlink: Cluster Structure in MIMO

DL-PUSC STC 2 Antennas DL-PUSC STC 4 Antennas
Pilots Data

DL-PUSC Normal Mode

Subcarriers:

pilot subcarriers never overlap, data subcarriers do (

26 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008 Introduction: WiMAX

overlapping constellations!!)

Uplink: Tile Structure in MIMO

SISO Collaborative MIMO Pattern A Pattern B

Subcarriers:

Pilots

Data

pilot subcarriers never overlap, data subcarriers do (

27 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008 Introduction: WiMAX

overlapping constellations!!)

WiMAX MIMO: Error Contributions

e.g. Transmitter
Jitter Clock h(t) cI(t) feedthrough LO feedthrough 90 Orthogonality cq(t) Crosstalk I/Q Imbalance h(t) LO Compression RF

Phase noise Frequency error

LO

Phase noise Frequency error

Channel 1 Channel 2
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Imbalance

Introduction: WiMAX

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Introduction: WiMAX

WiMAX Forum

Independent industry lead organisation

Main targets:
Marketing the IEEE802.16 (WiMAX) technology Establishing a Certification-Process for WiMAX

Decisions are mainly made based on political consensus in the working groups

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Introduction: WiMAX

Before a WiMAX product can be markerted

List of WMF certified Products: http://www.wimaxforum.org/kshowcase/view/

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Certified vs. Validated

Certified refers to the end-user equipment Validated refers to the test machine (RCTT) The end-user equipment must be tested on a validated platform (RCTT) before it can reach the status certified :
To be used for WiMAX device certification, the RCTT must pass validation (excerpt from STEG_SOA_Test_Equipment_v1.xx.pdf)

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Introduction: WiMAX

RCTT Validation in Lead Lab step 1

2 separate rooms AT4
TTA TTA

R&S

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

5 Reference Designs for each room Same Test Schedule

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Dsgn1 Dsgn2 Dsgn3 etc.

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Wave 1, 1A: TTA Wave 1, 3A: RFI Wave 2: RFI

Introduction: WiMAX

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Dsgn1 Dsgn2 Dsgn3 etc.

RCTT Validation in Lead Lab step 2

TTA TTA TTA

Report of Results

WMF WMF WMFWMF WMF

RCTT validated WMF

Selected test house (2 teams) AT4 R&S

#1 #3

Result check by WiMAX forum Only the WMF / STEG decides on validated status
#2 #4 #5

Please refer to Specialized Test Equipment Sub-Group (STEG)

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WiMAX Forum Working Groups

Source: WiMAX Forum

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Introduction: WiMAX

Current Activities TWG

(Technical Working Group)
R&S Contribution MRCT (Mobile Radio Conformance Test) Document
Contributed text for RCT tests Worked directly with test leads during the initial stages of test text development Submitted formal comments during the completion of the document Co-authored change requests for document. Working with test leads on wave 2 tests by answering questions and submitting comments. Submitted proposal (to key chairs) to improve RCT process for wave 2 RCT document

R&S & IEEE Comment Harmonization & System Profile Document

Monitor 802.16 standards development Submitted comments to correlate 802.16-2004 corr2 and System Profile Document

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Introduction: WiMAX

Current Activities CWG

(Certification Working Group)
R&S Contribution to STEG (Special Test Equipment Sub-Group)
Contributed text for VSA, VSG, and RCTT sections of State of the Art doc Presented VSA and VSG solutions to past CWG/TWG face to face meetings VSG MIMO solution presentation during April face to face meeting

WMF selected R&S to develop RCTT for mobile WiMAX

Wave1 Validation for MS first, Wave1-BS and Wave2-MS concurrently

R&S @ Plugfests
R&S has participated in all mobile plugfests

Member of certification lab selection subcommittee Test interface ad-hoc contributions; Proposal for BS test I/F

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Introduction: WiMAX

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Introduction: WiMAX

The Rohde & Schwarz WiMAX World

Selection of Rohde & Schwarz to develop an mobile WiMAX RCT from the WiMAX Forum Start of the active Rohde & Schwarz WiMAX Forum Membership Signal Generation and Signal Analysis with internal WiMAX option First delivery of TS8970 WiMAX RF Test system Production Test System based on SMJ and FSL One Box Production Tester CMW270 Drive test solutions

Implementations in Rohde & Schwarz FSL, FSP, SMATE, SMJ, AMU, AFQ

RPT and RSE Test Systems MIMO Fading option for AMU and SMU

First general solutions for generators and analysers 2004 2005

Further Enhancements, like Editable Spectrum emission mask Autodemodulation of the DL MAP 2006 2007 2008 2009

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Introduction: WiMAX

Signal Generator Solutions

SMU - Dual RF Signal Generator - 4 ITU fading paths (option) for MIMO 2x2 (correlated) SMJ SMATE - Dual RF Signal Generator up to 6 GHz AMU - Dual Baseband Signal Generator - 4 ITU fading paths (option) for MIMO 2x2 (correlated) AFQ
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WiMAX DL: Matrix A and Matrix B

Matrix A: Alamouti STC , Tx Diversity
Coding Fading

Matrix B: SM, true MIMO

Coding
I

Fading

data

data
II

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Introduction: WiMAX

WiMAX Coding: Collaborative MIMO

Collaborative MIMO
Coding
I

Fading

data
II

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Introduction: WiMAX

2 x 2 MIMO: Fading with the R&S SMU-K74

Channel AA

Channel AB

Channel BA

2 x 2 MIMO: 4 channels with defined correlation!!!

Channel BB

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Introduction: WiMAX

Outlook: 4x2 MIMO with 2 x SMU200A

TX1
RF

SMU200A #1

2x 3 GHz
RF

TX2 Trigger TX3

RF

+
10 MHz Standard RF combiner

RX1
RF

RX2
RF

SMU200A #2

2x 3 GHz

RF

Real-time fading incl. 4x2 correlation

TX4

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Introduction: WiMAX

Signal Analyzer Solutions: FSL, FSP, FSG, FSQ

28 MHz / 120 MHz 28 MHz - 50 dB

8.75 MHz

- 45 dB

20 MHz - 40 dB
45 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008 Introduction: WiMAX

EVM

Various MIMO Measurements

Matrix B: Test of antenna 0 + 1
DL-PUSC + UL-PUSC Matrix A (STBC)
Antenna 0 Antenna 1 Antenna 0 + Antenna 1
e.g. HW internal cross-talk

Master FSQ / FSG + -K93 + -K94

Matrix B (SM)
Antenna 0 Antenna 1

Slave FSQ or FSG

+ Phase Coherence Box for phase coherent measurements

Antenna 0 + Antenna 1
simultaneous measuremet HW cross-talk measurement pre-coding measurement
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H=

h11 h12 h21 h22

R&S WiMAX RCT Test System TS 8970

R&S SMU Signal Generation R&S SMU BB Fading/ Interferer WiMAX BSSE R&S Controller R&S Power Sensor R&S RF SSCU R&S FSQ Signal Analysis

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Introduction: WiMAX

Radio Conformance Testing from the Market Leader

Rohde & Schwarz is one of the two officially selected Companies for developing an WiMAX RCTT

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Introduction: WiMAX

CMW270: WiMAX RCT Tester

Subscriber Stations: Signalling and Non-Signalling Tests

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CMW270 Measurements overview

Non-signaling/Signaling TX Measurements
Burst Power Crest factor Modulation, EVM, etc. IQ constellation
IQ/quadr. Offset, Gain Imbalance

Non-signaling/Signaling RX Measurements
Receiver Sensitivity (PER/BER) RX Max Input Level

RF Verification ( signaling )
Ranging ( timing + freq synchr. ) CINR Measurement RSSI Measurement Power Control PHY and MAC layer

Center Frequency Error Spectrum Flatness Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Spectrum Mask

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Introduction: WiMAX

Drive Test Solutions:

New: TSMW

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Introduction: WiMAX

Drive Test, using Trace Mobile

Power / Quality Serving Cell Info

Statistics Tx Power RSSI/CINR Quality

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Introduction: WiMAX

Drive Test, using TSMW

Preamble Detection: RSSI, Preamble ID, IDCell, Segment No., preamble pilot pollution all BTS in the air!! Full DL-MAP from all BTS in the air Power Delay Profile from all BTS in the air Spectrum Analysis DL and UL interference MIMO Channel Matrix / MIMO Gain from all BTS in the air Speed spacial resolution

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Introduction: WiMAX

Thank you!! Pre-compliance R&D Drive Testing Regulatory Testing Production Testing
54 RSI-AP1 MS / July 2008 Introduction: WiMAX

RCT
Radio Conformance Testing