DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Course: M.

E Biomedical Engineering Semester: I

MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

UNIT-1 PART-A 1. What is image perception? 2. What is light? 3. Write short note luminance and contrast. 4. What is mach bands effect? 5. How to represent the color? 6. Define sampling. 7. Define quantization. 8. Draw the block diagram of sampling, quantization and display of images. 9. What is aliasing? 10. What is nyquist rate? 11. Mention the three color television standards. 12. Define sampling theorem. 13. What is hexagonal sampling? 14. What is optimal sampling? 15. What are the practical limitations in sampling? 16. What is image quantization? 17. What is optimum mean square quantizer? 18. Write down the properties of optimum mean square quantizer. 19. What is uniform optimal quantizer? 20. Refer the term image transform. 21. What are the properties of unitary transform? 22. What is 2D-DFT? 23. What is hadamard transform? 24. Write down the properties of sine transform? 25. How to resize the image? PART-B 1. Explain in detail about the MTF of the visual system. 2. Draw and explain about the sampling, quantization and display of images. 3. Discuss about the extensions of the two dimensional sampling theory. 4. Explain the following i). Image quantization. ii). Optimum mean square quantizer. 5. Explain the properties of unitary transforms. 6. Describe in detail about hadamard transform with properties. 7. Explain in detail about 2D-DFT. 8. Write short note on i). simultaneous contrast ii) Mach bands 9. With neat figure explain the perceptual representation of color. 10. Explain in detail about the mathematical transforms to resize the image.

UNIT-II PART-A 1. What is image enhancement? 2. What are point operations? 3. Draw the waveform for intensity level slicing without background and with background. 4. What is digital negative transformation? 5. What is bit extraction? 6. Write short note median filter. 7. What are spatial filters? Give its types. 8. What is histogram modification? 9. What is histogram specification? 10. What are spatial operations? 11. Define magnification and interpolation. 12. What is replication? 13. Draw the block diagram of image enhancement by transform filtering. 14. What is root filtering? 15. Write short note on frequency domain operations. 16. What is inverse filter? 17. What is pseudo inverse filter? 18. What is a wiener filter? 19. What are types of wiener filter? Explain. 20. What is nonlinear filter? 21. Define image restoration. 22. Write short note on image degradation model. 23. What is image subtraction? 24. What is crispening and unsharp masking? 25. Draw the figure of pth order interpolation. PART-B 1. Explain in detail about image enhancement techniques? 2. What is point operation? Explain in detail. 3. Explain the following i) clipping and thresholding ii) Image subtraction and change detection. 4. Explain detail in spatial operations. 5. Discuss types of spatial filters with neat diagram. 6. Explain transform operations in detail. 7. Define pseudo coloring? Explain its types. 8. Explain in detail about histogram modeling. 9. Describe in detail about inverse filter and pseudo inverse filter. 10. What is wiener filter? Explain in detail.

UNIT-III PART-A 1. What is image analysis? 2. Write down computer vision applications. 3. Draw the block diagram of computer vision system. 4. Classify image analysis techniques. 5. What is feature extraction? 6. What is image segmentation? 7. Define clustering. 8. Write short note on histogram features. 9. What is transform feature? 10. What is edge detection? 11. What are gradient operators? 12. What is compass operator? 13. What is window slicing? 14. Classify image segmentation techniques. 15. What is pixel labeling? 16. Draw the block diagram of vision system based on run length connectivity analysis. 17. What is template matching? 18. What is texture segmentation? 19. What are the basic approaches to classifications? 20. What is supervised learning? 21. Define decision tree classifier. 22. Write down the decision tree algorithm. 23. What is bayes minimum risk classifier? 24. What is edge density? 25. Draw the diagram of random texture models. PART-B 1. Explain in detail about computer vision system with neat block diagram. 2. Explain the applications of computer vision system. 3. Discuss image analysis techniques. 4. Explain the performance of edge detection operators. 5. Explain the following i) Gradient operators ii) Compass operators. 6. Explain image segmentation techniques with neat diagram. 7. Explain boundary analysis based vision system with block diagram. 8. Describe the color image processing in detail. 9. Explain supervised learning with decision tree algorithm. 10. Discuss non-supervised learning with different methods.

UNIT -IV PART A 1. What is image reconstruction? 2. What are properties of radon transform? 3. Mention the types of filter back projection methods. 4. Define radon transform. 5. What is notation? 6. Define back projection operator. 7. What is inverse radon transform? 8. What is reflection tomography? 9. What is the principle of CT? 10. Write a short note on multislice CT scanners. 11. Draw the generalized filter back projection algorithm for 2D filter implementation. 12. Write a short note on sampling consideration. 13. Draw the 3-D inverse radon transform. 14. What is back projection? 15. Write short note on generation of CT Scanners? 16. Draw the implementation of convolution /filter back projection algorithms. 17. What is imaging methods? 18. Mention some reconstruction techniques in MRI. 19. How the reconstruction is done by CT images. 20. Write a short note on second and third generation. 21. Where the Shepp-Logan phantom is used? 22. What is radon transform of random field? 23. What are algebraic reconstruction techniques? 24. Mention some application of CT in medical imaging techniques. 25. State some reconstruction problem as a set of linear equations. PART-B 1. What is image reconstruction? Explain in detail. 2. Define radon transform. Discuss with its properties. 3. Explain the generalized filter back projection algorithm for 2D filter implementation. 4. Explain in detail about filter back projection methods. 5. Discuss radon transform of random fields. 6. Explain the reconstruction problem as a set of linear equations. 7. Describe algebraic reconstruction techniques. 8. Explain 3D tomography with projection theorem. 9. Describe reconstruction of CT images. 10. Explain the imaging methods and reconstruction techniques in MRI.

UNIT-V PART-A 1. What is image compression? 2. Write short note on image raw data rates. 3. Define pixel coding. 4. Draw the functional block diagram of a general image compression system. 5. Mention the basic components of lossless compression. 6. Define compression ratio. 7. What is entropy coding? 8. What are predictive techniques? 9. Draw the block diagram delta modulation. 10. What is line-by-line DPCM? 11. Define bit allocation. 12. Mention some basic compression methods. 13. Define new in formation of a pixel. 14. What is transform coding? 15. What is adaptive gain control? 16. Draw the block diagram of adaptive quantization. 17. What is Interference coding? 18. What is run length coding? 19. Define prediction error. 20. How the video compression systems avoid the problem of data expansion? 21. Draw the block diagram of encoder and decoder of lossless predictive coding model. 22. What is predictive coding? 23. Mention the two distinct functional components of image compression. 24. What is spatial and temporal redundancy? 25. What is bit plane coding? PART-B 1. Explain image compression. Differentiate data compression with bandwidth compression. 2. Discuss different types of pixel coding. 3. What is the basic principle of predictive techniques? Explain feedback versus feed forward prediction. 4. Describe the performance analysis of DPCM. 5. Discuss adaptive techniques with adaptive quantization diagram. 6. Explain transform coding of the images. 7. Explain lossy predictive coding model with block diagram. 8. Describe lossless predictive coding model for encoder and decoder 9. Explain interference coding of the images. 10. Explain the following i) Run length coding ii) Delta modulation.