Laboratory Activity 1

REYNOLDS NUMBER
NAME: GROUP MEMBERS: SCORE: DATE PERFORMED: ______________ DATE SUBMITTED: ______________

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

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OBJECTIVES: a. To perform with diligence the procedures enumerated and discuss the validity of the results in accordance with the way the experiment was done. b. To validate the concept of Reynolds Number c. To apply the concept of flow rate and mean velocity in aid of this activity. Theoretical Background Reynolds number was developed by Osborne Reynolds to mathematically define the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow.

Fig 1: Laminar and Turbulent flow

Reynolds number is a dimensionless figure (no unit of measurement). It is mathematically defined as

Where: Re = Reynolds Number V = Mean Velocity D = diameter of conduit v = kinematic viscosity The value of 2000 is set as the minimum number for a flow to be considered as turbulent and any value below that is set to be laminar. Flow rate is defined as the quantity (volume) of fluid that flow in a section over time. It is written as

Other than volume, flow rate can also be written in terms of mass and weight

Mean velocity is defined as the average velocity of particles that consists a fluid flowing in a defined segment.

Fig 2: fluid particle flowing at various speeds as affected by velocity and friction Mean velocity is originally calculated by getting the average velocity of each particle but since this is a very difficult task, it can be computed by relating it to the flow rate.

Which can be manipulated to be

Materials: a. 2g color dye (jovus) b. 500ml of water c. Reynolds Apparatus d. Stop watch Procedure: a. Prepare the color fluid by mixing 2g of colored dye on 500ml of water b. The kinematic viscosity of this mixture is then set to 0.893 x 10-6 m2/s c. Pour the color fluid in the ink tank of the Reynolds apparatus and add clean water at the bottom tank. d. Switch on the apparatus by plugging it. Maintain safety by keeping the plug and your hands dry. e. From the measurement Glass conduit d = 15.3 mm Acrylic water tank d = 140.00 mm f. Gently open the valve at the glass conduit (do not open full) and after a short while open the valve of the ink tank g. Measure the time it took for the water in the acrylic water tank to drop 1 cm. h. Observe the ink in the glass conduit. A straight, ribbon like flow indicates laminar flow and a diluted ink flow indicates turbulent. i. Repeat procedure g to I, in which the valve opens much wider than before Data: Trial 1 2 3 4 Calculations Time for water to drop 1 cm Computed flow rate Computed Mean Velocity Computed Reynolds #

Conclusions:

Recommendations

Problems: 1. Water flows through a 75mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 3m/s. Find a. The volume flow rate in m3/s and liters/sec

b. The mass flow rate in kg/s c. The weight flow rate in N/s 2. Air at 300C and 110kPa flows at 20 M/s through a rectangular duct that measures 160mm x 320mm. Compute the average velocity and volume flux. Use Gas constant R = 29.3 m/0K 3. The velocity of oil flowing through a 30mm diameter pipe is equal to 2m/s. Oil has a kinematic viscosity of 5 x 10-5 m2/s. If the pipe has a length of 120m compute the Reynolds number 4. A 40mm diameter pipe has a length of 120m Oil flows at a velocity of 2 m/s. The kinematic viscosity of oil is 5.2 x 10-5m2/s. a. Compute the viscosity of oil in stokes b. Compute for the Reynolds number 5. Benzene flows through a 100mm pipe at mean velocity of 3m/s a. Find the volume flow rate in li/min b. Find the weight flow in kN/s c. Find the mass flow rate in kg/s